The file delivery of the Central Office for Trade and Commerce in Stuttgart. Von Walter Grube: The Königlich Württembergische Zentralstelle für Gewerbe und Handel (Royal Württemberg Central Office for Trade and Commerce) has assumed a particularly prestigious position among the authorities that the German states created for their economic administration in the 19th century. It originated as a state college under the Ministry of the Interior in the same revolutionary year of 1848, in which Prussia, Austria and Bavaria established special trade ministries; the notoriously thrifty Württemberg did not know its own ministry for economic affairs until the end of the monarchy, as Baden had in its trade ministry in 1860-1881. Nevertheless, the "Central Office", above all under the leadership of the great Ferdinand von Steinbeis (1856-1880), was successful in economic policy, which, in addition to the achievements of the ministries of trade and commerce of other countries, was quite impressive. It was thanks to the work of the Central Office that Württemberg, which was poor in raw materials, technically still lagging behind, and had unfavorable transport connections, soon became the actual state of state trade promotion, from which people for a long time tried eagerly to learn, not only in Germany. The Central Office played a decisive role in the restructuring of the Württemberg economic structure in the age of the Industrial Revolution. The historian of her first heyday in 1875 has divided her versatile field of activity into the following groups: 1. "Consultative services" in legislative and administrative matters: trade, customs, trade, banking and building legislation, coinage, measure and weight, commercial security police, iron and salt extraction, transport, taxation and more.a.; 2. teaching activities: trade schools, travelling teachers, trade training workshops, model and teaching material collection, trade model store, library, journalistic work, associations; 3. "Direct influence on commercial activity": markets, trade fairs, stock exchanges, exports, foreign commercial agencies; 4. direct influence on commercial activity": support with capital and technical suggestions for all branches of industry; 5. regimental activity" mainly as a state patent office, state exhibition commission, central authority for chambers of commerce and industry, state calibration authority and in the administration of commercial foundations. Among these activities, in the country conscious of its school tradition, "instructive work" has always rightly been regarded as a special glorious page of the Central Office; the Protestant Prelate Merz once called it a "jewel of Württemberg". Not least due to the educational work of the central office and the commission for the commercial further training schools founded in 1853, a down-to-earth tribe of recognised skilled workers grew from day labourers, small farmers' and vineyard gardeners' sons, from guilt-bound master craftsmen and a poorly developed trading class of that highly qualified entrepreneurship which, in addition to the broad stratum of vital small and medium-sized enterprises characteristic of Württemberg, has created many a company of world renown. The far-sighted way in which the Central Office, overcoming some resistance, drove trade promotion and economic policy in general at that time was still noticeable in its effects up to the crisis resistance of the Württemberg economy, which was widespread and much envied in the thirties of our century.After the state revolution of 1918 had also given Württemberg its own ministries for the economy (Labour Ministry and Food Ministry, 1926 united to form the Economics Ministry), the Central Office for Trade and Commerce was reorganised by decree of the State Ministry of 30 November 1920 under new distribution of responsibilities to the State Trade Office. For the organization of the state economic administration, this was not as revolutionary as the founding of the Central Office, with which a completely new epoch of Württemberg industrial history had begun. But the reorganization was more far-reaching than the repeated renewal of the "Basic Provisions" of 1848, through which the Central Office had repeatedly adapted itself to the changes in economic life and in the relationship between the state and the economy in the course of its seventy-year history. The Central Office, the creation of the revolution of 1848, thus underwent its strongest transformation to date through the revolution of 1918. As one can easily understand, the precipitation of files from the Central Office represents a unique source in the state sector for the economic history of Württemberg in the years 1848-1920. In addition, the Central Office had taken over not inconsiderable files of older semi-private institutions founded or sponsored by the state, such as the "Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Gewerbe" (Society for the Promotion of Trade) founded in 1830 and the "Handels- und Gewerbsverein" (Trade and Trade Association) founded in 1819, and later partly also the "Zentralstelle des landwirtschaftlichen Vereins" (Central Office of the Agricultural Association) established in 1817. The registry of the Stuttgart Central Office for Trade and Commerce in 1920, when it was transformed into the State Trade Office, contained the relevant records of a full century. The Central Office, like the majority of the 19th century ministries and state resource authorities, has not exercised little care in its registry. The first registry plan of the newly founded authority, which was first provisionally housed in the building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, was drafted in 1850 by Reinhardt's secretary, a booklet of only 37 pages; it remained in force throughout the Steinbeis era until the early eighties. The files taken over immediately in 1848 by the Gewerbeförderungsgesellschaft and the Handels- und Gewerbeverein were incorporated into the individual departments of the registry in 1850. The same procedure was followed when, in 1882, on the occasion of the reorganization of the registry of the Central Office for Agriculture, the previous files of the Central Office of the Agricultural Association had been handed over to the association, as well as again in 1888, when papers from the estate of the well-known national economist Moriz Mohl were handed over to the association. In 1869 a separate room had to be set up for the registry, which until then had been housed in the only chancellery room, and the three "full-grafted" file shelves had to be increased by two new ones. In 1883, not long after the Director (and later President) Robert von Gupp took office, a fundamental reorganization of the further swollen registry overflowing into the corridors and attic had become indispensable. The work was transferred by the Ministry of the Interior to the civil servant Heberle of the Oberamt Schwäbisch Hall, since it could not be handled by the few civil servants of the central office, and was only completed after three years. The new registry plan drawn up by Heberle, now already a volume of 200 pages, has been preserved, while his repertory, four times as extensive, unfortunately did not come to us. For the first time, Heberle systematically separated the current registry (then 1109 fascicles) from the old registry (then 1242 fascicles). On the occasion of these works also the first file cassations of considerable size took place (about 180 fascicles and volumes). The surviving elimination lists show that this was done conscientiously and that there was probably very little collected, which would be of interest to the economic historian today. The order created in 1883-85 has survived the relocation of the central office to the new magnificent building of the Stuttgart State Trade Museum in 1896; even today, a large part of the files can be found in the fascicles formed and inscribed by Heberle. In the new building, in 1901-1902, the old registry, which had already grown into a proper official archive, could be separated and appropriately furnished in the attic. In 1905-1908, Obersekretär Hauser produced a new file plan of 800 pages for old and current registries, using but also improving the Heberleschen order, which was in use until the reorganization of the Central Office in 1920 and has fortunately been preserved. The fact that substantial parts of it then fell victim to the bombs of the Second World War is one of the most sensitive source losses for research. All files of the Central Office, which had been sent to the Ministry of Economy by the State Trade Office in the wake of the organisational changes of 1920, were burnt with the Ministry of Economy, including valuable files on chambers of commerce, trade contracts and customs 1819-1870 as well as on railways 1857-1913. Apart from the ruinous remains, all files of the Central Office that were still in the possession of the Stuttgart State Trade Office during the Second World War have also been destroyed, including not only extensive material from the first two decades of the 20th century, which was still curious at the time, but also some departments dating back a long way, some of which still had files from the "Gesellschaft für Beförderung der Gewerbe" (1830-1848) and its predecessors. These were once two larger deliveries by the Stuttgart State Trade Office from 1930 and 1939, a total of about 40 m (today inventory E 170), and the files of the Patent Commission of the Central Office, which were handed over by the Reich Patent Office in 1939 and which, according to the German Patent Law of 25 January 1877, were not available for inspection. The first volume was sent to Berlin in May 1877 (Reichsgesetzblatt pp. 501ff.) (11 m, today stock E 170a), and finally 60 volumes of invoices from the Zentralstelle (1848/49-1908/09, 2 m), which the Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg had taken over in 1921 with the invoice section of the former Finanzarchiv (today stock E 224a). The existing registry aids, administrative repertories, handover and elimination directories no longer allow even a rough percentage to be given today of how the volume of this rescued document (a total of 53 linear metres) relates to that of the lost document. But on the basis of Hauser's file plan of the Central Office from 1905-1908 at least the larger and for research most perceptible gaps in the inventory handed down to us can be determined. For example, most of the minutes of the meetings are missing, the files on the well-known Stuttgart State Trade Museum (the second oldest in Europe) and those on the Information Centre for the Construction Industry; in addition to the diaries, the once demonstrably existing files on the large library of the Central Office - the most important of Germany's trade libraries -, on social insurance, industrial legal protection, building legislation, traffic with foodstuffs, luxury foods and utensils have been completely lost. Despite these and other gaps, the preserved files of the Central Office and its predecessors still represent an invaluable source for the economic history of the Württemberg royal period. It is well known that the records of the commercial enterprises, most of which grew out of small businesses, are often extremely incomplete and not easily accessible for general use; the valuable archives of the Stuttgart and Ulm Chambers of Commerce were almost completely destroyed by the Second World War. The central tradition of state industrial promotion thus offers not only the only opportunity to explore the great transformation process of the 19th century as a whole; it is also widely the only source both of the history of hundreds of individual enterprises and of the emergence of economic self-government. This source was already not completely unused. But for a long time, the partially quite inadequate degree of their development prohibited the real exploitation of them. Only the annual accounts of the Central Office (in inventory E 224a) did not require any special expenditure for archival finding aids. In chronological order, you will find detailed evidence of all measures for industrial education and support for trade, of each "sending experts abroad and appointing tradesmen from the same field" (as one of the invoice headings reads), of the purchase of models, drawings, samples, sample tools, machines and inventions, of exhibitions and prize distributions, of the introduction of new branches of industry and the upgrading of existing ones, of the promotion of the sale of goods, of trade associations and craftsmen, and finally of expenditure on fundamental studies of industrial development. Anyone looking for individual companies or persons in the accounts must of course, in order to reach their goal quickly, already be aware of the vintages in question, and must also be content with the fact that 19th century accounts, less informative than some from earlier times, essentially give facts and only rarely motives.In 1949, the State Archives Ludwigsburg was able to complete a hand-written archive repertory for the patent files of the Central Office (fonds E 170a), which had been taken over in 1939 without any index, during the executive board of the then Oberarchivrat Dr. Max Miller. In two volumes (with together more than 1000 pages) it lists the protocols of the patent commission and some general files as well as the chronologically arranged special files on all Württemberg patents examined by the central office in the years 1848-1877 (with name index). In addition, for the years 1841 to 1848, it makes accessible the relevant preparatory files of the Central Office of the Agricultural Association, which was responsible for the patent system at that time, characteristic of the Biedermeier view of commercial economy. The collection, easily accessible since 1949 (a total of 2373 tufts), contains patent files of Swabian inventors (e.g. Daimler, Max Eyth, Magirus, Gebrüder Mauser and Friedrich Voith) as well as numerous patent applications of non-Württembergians (from the rest of Germany, from other European countries and from America), all in all quite considerable documents for the history of technology. It proved to be more difficult for the archive administration to catalog the even more important and far more extensive file deliveries of the Landesgewerbeamt of 1930 and 1939, the first of which is already listed in K.O. Müller's printed "Gesamübersicht" of 1937 (fonds E 170). In the research service of the State Archives, especially since the Second World War, there have been repeated attempts to use these files for surveys of company histories and anniversaries. But the scarcity of the summary handover lists made this an always time-consuming and often unsuccessful effort. Even the question of individual facts and data could embarrass the archivist; there was absolutely no question of a systematic evaluation of the holdings for the economic and social history, which is becoming more and more important from year to year. Paul Gehring's important essays on Württemberg economic history in the 19th century had to be written without the use of these files, especially under the difficult working conditions of the war and post-war years. Under these circumstances, the production of a scientifically useful repertory became an urgent desideratum of both administration and research. Fortunately, in 1958, the efforts of State Archives Director Dr. Max Miller to obtain funds from the State Trade Office of Baden-Württemberg for the temporary employment of a legally and economically trained processor of these trade and commercial files were successful. The typewritten repertory E 170 comprises three state folio volumes of almost 1000 pages and, restored according to the Hauser file plan from 1905-1908, makes the holdings usable right down to their finest ramifications. Some of it certainly is of predominantly regional or even only local historical interest. But much of it shows in surprisingly rich detail how systematically the Central Office used the experiences and models of the then technically and socially advanced German and non-German states (above all Belgium and England) to raise the Württemberg economy. There are numerous files on the secondment of entrepreneurs, technicians and craftsmen abroad for technical and artistic training, on experiments with foreign machines and production processes, on the appointment of foreign specialists, on participation in major international exhibitions from Paris and London to Philadelphia and Melbourne. Thus, the collection of files shows the way in which a 19th-century German middle-class state developed its craft with comparatively modest but skilfully invested financial expenditures and helped its industry to become internationally competitive. At the goal of this way stood, that was the specifically Württemberg of a gemeindeutschen procedure per se, a quality industry of large variety and healthy decentralization. The typewritten finding aid was provided by Rudolf Denk, Walter Grube and Wolfgang Schmierer (completion 1969). Note: This finding aid book is a repertory which has been available only in typewritten form up to now and which has been converted into a database-supported and thus online-capable format according to a procedure developed by the "Working Group on Retroconversion in the State Archives Ludwigsburg". This can lead to a certain discrepancy between the modern external appearance and the today partly outdated design and wording of the title records, in particular:- corrections, deletions and supplements were checked and incorporated.- The title records of archive units found to be missing were taken over and provided with a corresponding note ("Missing since ...." or similar).- If the allocation of new order numbers was unavoidable, the old signature was verified in the respective title record and in a separate overall concordance.

Execution: Handdruck von Federzeichnung, colored with graphite pencil Persons and institutions involved in the creation: gez. Scott, Georges Bildträger: Halbkarton, 5 drawings in folder II Image and sheet size: 41 x 30 cm; 59 x 42 cm Remarks: Folder title: Le soldat francais pendant la guerre, Picture title: Spahis algériens escortant des prisonniers, Picture foxing, French provenance

Inventory description: Dept. 170/2 estate Georg and Barbara Freed Scope: 819 units of description (= 23 linear metres of archive cartons and 9 linear metres of rolled plans) = add. 32 m Running time: 1792 - 1941 Family and foundation In the course of establishing a foundation to the City of Worms, which was decreed in the will, the Worms architect Georg Ludwig Freed (1858-1936) and his sister Barbara (Babette 1855-1941) bequeathed documents to the then museum and the municipal cultural institutes, which were taken over by Dr. Illert in 1942 (cf. Der Wormsgau 2, p. 99). Members of the Freed family had been resident in Worms since the beginning of the 19th century as master painters and whitewashers. They already held important positions in bourgeois associations in the pre-March period, including the Schützengesellschaft, the gymnastics community of 1846 Worms and the fire brigade. Both siblings remained unmarried throughout their lives, their sister Anna Maria (1854) was the wife of the museum director and since 1898 city archivist August Weckerling. The material of the 'Stiftung Freed' includes personal letters, postcards and papers, diaries, documents as well as artisan, artistic and family history documents in a large variety (especially about 1850 to 1935), without any documents obviously being collected after the death of the siblings. A large part of the estate is occupied by the actual architect Freed (numerous sketches, drawings, maps, plans, newspapers, etc.), whose temporal focus lies in his Mannheim years between 1889/93 and 1914. In addition, there are association documents from the entire Protestant-national-liberal milieu, including militaria and national teams or academic associations of the TH Darmstadt. In addition to the documents of his father Georg Fr. Freed from the time since approx. 1840, the closed file tradition of the house Wollstr. 28, which has been inhabited since 1800 and bequeathed to the city of Worms in 1941/42 and later sold privately by the latter (house preserved, part of a monument zone) is also relevant. Family grandfather of G. Freed: Johann Ph. Freed 1794-1845 married with Johanna Friederika Uswald 1798-1823 (daughter of:) Carl Ernst Ußwald from Oelsnitz/Vogtland 1754, from 1796 in Worms, 1818 (= great-grandfather of G. Freed), married Anna Katharina Köhler née. Völcker (1776-1846), was a painter and master draughtsman (family book: no. 87, description Reuter 1968, p. 204 no. 3), three other family books described on p. 212. Elisabeth Margareta Freed, Stiefenkelin of C.E. U.., born 1826 sister: Katharina Anna, 1825-1912 disproportionate stepbrother: Georg Friedrich F., born 1823 Worms (= grandson of C. E. Uswald) learned the painting and whitewashing trade, journeyman years Wiesbaden 1843/44, Dresden 1844, Vienna 1845; in Worms marriage 1851 with Elisabeth Müller (1825-1899), ev, City councillor 1874-1892; 1837-1851 pedigree book (description Reuter 1968 p. 212); died 1896 = father of Georg, Babette and Anna Maria Freed (Anna M. Freed (*1854) married with August Weckerling, who was thus the brother-in-law of the two Freeds, this certainly justified the willingness to donate the collection to the museum run by Weckerling, whose successor Illert acted as executor of the will after Barbara's death in 1941), Son of the pensioner, master whitewasher and town councillor Georg Friedrich Freed (1823-1896, married to Elisabeth Freed née. Müller), 1865-1869 attends preschool, 1869-1875 secondary school in Worms; takes private lessons in higher mathematics and languages in 1875, passed entrance examination, eight semesters as a regular student of the building school enrolled at the TH Darmstadt; also occupies the subjects prescribed for civil service, final examination in autumn 1879 together with the civil service aspirants, participation in study trips and excursions, etc.a. 1878 World Exhibition Paris, 1.4.1880 One-year volunteer reg. 118 Worms, from summer 1881 to summer 1885 for further mainly artistic education in Munich in the studio of Prof. Hauberrisser, there collaboration on large building projects, 1885-1887 active in Berlin in studios of architect Kayser u. v. Großheim, Erdmann

History of Tradition Dr. Ernst von Scheurlen, retired Ministerialrat, did not leave any testamentary disposition over the documents. Since 1945 at the latest, these had been in the house of his oldest daughter Katharina Schmidt, née Scheurlen, who, after her death on 3 January 1989, took over her son Karl Schmidt, a retired pastor. There - in the spirit of Ernst von Scheurlen - they were accessible to all relatives and were occasionally inspected by individuals. For the transfer to the Main State Archives in Stuttgart, the consideration that there would be no comparable place of secure storage in the relatives in the future was decisive. As a result, a deposit agreement was concluded between Mr Karl Schmidt and the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg on 1 December 2008. Content and Evaluation Karl Scheurlen ( 1824, 1872) Karl Scheurlen was born on 3 Sept. 1824 in Tübingen, where his father Karl Christian Friedrich Scheurlen was professor of law. He attended school there and in Stuttgart, where his father had been appointed to the Obertribunal in 1839. He studied law in Tübingen from 1841 to 1846 and then completed his legal clerkship. In 1847 he became court actuary at the Heilbronn Higher District Court. During the revolutionary events of 1848, Karl Scheurlen adopted an emphatically conservative attitude. In 1850 he was appointed public prosecutor in Esslingen. In 1851 he was appointed Assessor of Justice and Public Prosecutor in Ellwangen, where he married Katharina Pfreundt in 1852. From 1856 on Karl Scheurlen was chief magistrate in Mergentheim, from 1863 chief justice councillor in Esslingen and from 1865 lecturing councillor in the Ministry of Justice. Together with his friend, the then Obertribunalrat von Mittnacht, Karl Scheurlen was commissioned by the Minister of Justice of Neurath to work out the principles of a judicial reform which Mittnacht, since 1867 Minister of Justice, completed in 1868 and 1869. Karl Scheurlen's ascent had also continued in 1867 with his appointment to the Privy Council; however, his two attempts to acquire a Landtag mandate failed. By decree of 23 March 1870, Karl Scheurlen was appointed head of the Department of Home Affairs and Minister of the Interior on 17 July of the same year. This appointment took place at the time of a domestic political crisis: 45 members of the Württemberg state parliament had refused in the spring to approve the military budget, the rejection of which would have made Württemberg meet its obligations from the 1866 Protection and Defense Alliance with Prussia, which was widely unpopular. The fact that the broad resistance against the military budget unexpectedly subsided can be traced back to the French declaration of war of 15 July 1870. After the new elections of 1871, which were announced with reference to the political reorganization of Germany after the Franco-German War, Karl Scheurlen found himself faced with a well-meaning majority among the members of parliament. He himself was also elected as a deputy twice, in Gaildorf and Künzelsau; he accepted the election in Gaildorf. His death on April 1, 1872, caused by a heart condition, came as a surprise. Karl Scheurlen cultivated lively literary and artistic interests in addition to his work in justice and politics. He wrote numerous verses and poems. His talent for drawing is particularly remarkable; he used it, among other things, to make numerous sketches of accused persons and judicial officials during his time at court, or to illustrate the "Amtspflege", the organ of the Hauffei, his Tübingen student fraternity. Many of his drawings have a humorous character; self-portraits and depictions of family members and acquaintances are extremely frequent. Ernst von Scheurlen ( 1863, 1952) Ernst von Scheurlen was born in Mergentheim on Feb. 5, 1863, the youngest of six children of the later Minister of the Interior, Karl Scheurlen, and his wife Katharina Scheurlen. After school he studied medicine in Berlin, where he received his doctorate in 1885. After his state examination from 1887 to 1891, he worked there as an assistant doctor at the Charité and the Reich Health Office; bacteriology and hygiene were already the focal points of his scientific interest at this time. The marriage to Sophie von Möller (1889), who belonged to a family of German descent from the then Russian Narwa, also took place during this period. In 1893 Ernst von Scheurlen became a battalion doctor in Strasbourg. At the same time he taught hygiene and bacteriology at the Technical University in Stuttgart and at the University of Strasbourg in 1893-1894 and 1895-1897 respectively. He also headed the hygiene and bacteriology department of the large garrison hospital in Stuttgart. In 1897 he took up a position as a medical councillor at the Königlich Württembergischen Medizinalkollegium. His tasks included working for the State Insurance Institute, the Trade Supervisory Office, the Reich Health Council, in the management of the Medical State Investigation Office, etc. It is due to his activities that the city of Stuttgart received its central sewage treatment plant during the First World War. During the entire First World War, Ernst von Scheurlen was involved as a hygienist in disease control and water supply at various sections of the Western and Eastern fronts. After the First World War, he devoted himself in particular to water supply, crop control and blood group research. He has written down his research results in numerous publications. He retired in 1930, but this did not mean the end of his scientific career; his last publication dates from 1950, two years before his death on Oct. 8, 1952 at the age of 89. In addition to his scientific work, Ernst von Scheurlen documented the history of his family from about 1800 with great dedication. For this purpose he combined numerous pictures, sketches, poems and letters of his father, who died at an early age, with other collection material and supplemented, explained and commented this material by a written representation of the family history.

Plan of the Residenturpost Binder, 1:400, Monochrome ink drawing, Dühring, Lieutenant and Post Commander Site plan of the Residenturpost Garua, 1:2 000, Monochrome drawing, ca. 1908 Site plan of the Residenturpost Garua, Multicoloured drawing (illegible) NCO, ca. 1910 Expansion and fortification of the Residenturpost, 1905 - 1907 Residenturpost Garua, 1908 - 1909

colored card: Matoimochi, with Rumphs signature stamp postcard: Harlekinade Berlin 1912- postcard; A citizens' ball 1803. 35. anniversary of the association of pupils at the K.K.G.M. on 6. February 1913 in the zoo printed card: Dôjôji, with signature stamp Rumpfs postcard on Gerhard Rumpf, dated Tsingtau 1.9.1908, with drawing of Port Said postcard on Heinrich Rumpf, dated. 25.4. 08, with drawing Chinese navy uniformsColored drawing of a sitting Chinese girl, not signed- printed map: fisherwomen in Inage, bay of Tokyo, with hull signature stamp-Colored drawing: boats in China. Port [Tsingtau?] with rowing women, not signed postcard on Andreas hull, with drawing of Gibraltar, dat. 16.11.1907- color drawing: Prague, small-sided individual sheets with vocabulary lists, English, French, Portuguese, partly menus concerning- leaflet with various aioli-recipes, fair copy with title-initial-postcard of Marianne on/for Alice torso- plate 9 (Japanese), tracing - 3 sheets. with color drawings, Chinese. Military 1 sheet with pencil drawings, a.o. ???- pencil drawing: Frauenkopf: Taverne, 12./13,II,31

Execution: Handdruck von kolorierter Zeichnung Persons and institutions involved in the creation: gez. Scott, Georges Bildträger: Halbkarton, 5 drawings in folder II Image and sheet size: 35.5 x 24 cm; 59 x 42 cm Remarks: Folder title: Le soldat francais pendant la guerre, Picture title: Tirailleurs Algériens, picture foxing, French provenance

Inventory description: The sovereignty of the French government remained intact, with some restrictions, in the southern French territory not occupied by Germany after the German-French armistice of June 1940. Control organs of the German Armistice Commission (RW 34) supervised the disarmament of the French army and the registration or delivery of military equipment. The German mistrust of the French government under Marshal Pétain in Vichy led Hitler to instruct the Mayor of West France from the end of 1940 onwards to stand ready for an occupation of the rest of France at any time (company "Attila", later "Anton"). Until November 1942, however, when the Allied troops landed in French North Africa and the French government in Vichy and local authorities adopted at least an unclear stance, there was no reason for German troops to occupy southern France. During the occupation of Vichy on November 11, 1942, the "German General of the Commander-in-Chief West" took up his duties and was thus, as it were, liaison officer of the Lord Mayor West with the French Head of State Marshal Philippe Pétain. In cooperation with various civilian Reich authorities, he had to represent the German demands to the French government in the part of France which had remained unoccupied until then and to supervise their execution or implementation (see also the Instructions for the German General of the Lord Mayor West in Vichy in RH 31-VII/1). In September 1944 the office was closed. Lieutenant General Alexander Freiherr Neubronn von Eisenburg headed the office, having previously worked in the Armistice Commission and headed the Bourges Army Control Inspectorate. Characterisation of content: In addition to the War Diary No. 3 (21 October to 31 December 1943) and the activity report for the first quarter of 1944, only collective files have survived in which the following topics are reflected: Occupation of southern France, demobilisation, integration of members of the French army into the economy, site overviews, control and security of communications, notes and reports on meetings of Lieutenant-General Freiherr Neubronn v. Eisenburg with French members of government, border traffic, cooperation with the Armistice Commission, tasks and powers of the Higher SS and Police Commander, traffic with German police stations in Vichy, mood and situation reports, security and control measures, troop accommodation, events in Toulon, Records and stocks of the French transitional army, French labour service, seizures of state and private property by German authorities, applications for release, French penal and military institutions, arrests, petitions and applications for release of prisoners and release of buildings. State of Indexing: Findbuch Vorarchivische Ordnung: Archivische Bearbeitung The stock RH31-VII Deutscher General des Oberbefehlshabers West in Vichy was updated in 2011 and transferred to the database BASYS-S-2 according to the current indexing guidelines. The old signatures were also added to the database, making it possible to search for them. The documents - in particular the war diaries - were supplemented with notes on contents in order to depict special or important contents. Due to the loss of written records and the resulting gaps in their transmission between 1941 and 1945, the documents were not evaluated. The oversized maps and technical drawings were removed for conservation reasons and are now stored together in map folders under newly created signatures. Scope, explanation: 29 AE Citation method: BArch, RH 31-VII/...

Folder; Drawing/Printing * Inventor: Walter von Ruckteschell

Inventory description: Dept. 159 Herrnsheimer Dalberg-Archiv (files, official books) Size: 1943 units of description (= 27 lfm = 201 archive cartons, 2 large cartons, 2 lfm oversized formats - own inventory: 1878 VE, remainder in Heylshof = 64 VE, with sub-VE in total) 2015) Duration: 1445 - 1866 Zur Familie und Herrschaft Dalberg (Note 1) The family of the chamberlains of Worms, later called 'von Dalberg', belonged as an influential family association to the episcopal ministry of Worms. Since 1239 she held the hereditary office of the chamberlain of Worms; this was later associated with economic-financial privileges in Worms, court rights and the Jewish Court in Worms. Since the 14th century, the family has succeeded in expanding various ownership complexes between Niederelsass and Hunsrück, with a focus on Wormsgau. This also includes the expansion of power in the towns of Herrnsheim and Abenheim, which began in the 14th century, through the acquisition of feudal rights and property (2). The dominion complex with Herrnsheim and Abenheim was predominantly surrounded by Electoral Palatinate territory. Around 1460 a castle was erected in Herrnsheim (castle) and a surrounding wall was built around the village; between 1470 and 1492 a chapel of the local parish church of St. Peter was converted into a burial place, which has led to the development of the situation of a small residential town in Herrnsheim, which can still be seen today from the buildings and the townscape. Today's Herrnsheim Castle, owned by the town of Worms since 1958, was built together with the important English landscape garden in two construction phases from 1808 to 1814 and from 1820 to 1824. The dominion of Dalberg is a typical middle imperial knighthood territory. Since the late Middle Ages, the Dalberg dynasty had provided the fiefdoms of the Electorate of Mainz and Palatinate and held important ecclesiastical offices, including the bishop of Worms, Johann von Dalberg (1445-1503). The family split into different lines and branches. Outstanding persons for whom the collection contains material are Carl Theodor von Dalberg (1744-1817, Elector of Mainz, Grand Duke of Frankfurt); Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg (1750-1806, Minister of State in Mannheim, Director of the National Theatre); Johann Friedrich Hugo von Dalberg (1760-1812, bishop and humanist); Emmerich Joseph Duc de Dalberg (1773-1833, diplomat and politician). In 1883 John Dalberg-Acton sold Herrnsheim Castle with all its interior and the park from his family's estate to Cornelius Wilhelm Heyl (Cornelius Wilhelm Freiherr von Heyl zu Herrnsheim), a leather industrialist from Worms, due to financial shortages (3). Thus also the library stored there and the documents and files of the Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive of the previous owners were transferred to the buyer. After the death of his father in 1923, D. Dr. jur. Cornelius Freiherr Heyl zu Herrnsheim took over the castle, which he officially moved into in April 1929 (4). In the years of the Second World War the documents were relocated several times for safety reasons and probably suffered incomprehensible, but rather smaller losses (5). Until it was converted into an apartment, the Dalberg Archive was housed in a special archive room locked with an iron door in the castle, then in the library in the tower room on the first floor. When Siegfried Freiherr von Heyl zu Herrnsheim, son of D. Dr. jur. Cornelius Frhr. Heyl zu Herrnsheim, sold the castle to the city of Worms in July 1958 (6), the documents, files and official books of the Dalberg archive kept in boxes and bundles were not part of the sale. However, it was to be left on loan to the town on the basis of an agreement with the community of heirs (in autumn 1959) and an inventory was to be taken before a corresponding contract was concluded (7). This work was done by Carl J. H. Villinger (8), who handed over his summary list with the disaggregation to Dr. Georg Illert on 3.7.1964 (9). The draft of the loan contract was completed to the satisfaction of both parties at the end of 1965, so that there was nothing to prevent it from being concluded the following year. On 19 July 1966, lawyer H. Ramge, in his capacity as joint executor of the will, surprisingly approached the city with the offer that it could purchase the Dalberg Archive and the library holdings of Herrnsheim Palace from the estate of D. Dr. jur. Cornelius Freiherr Heyl zu Herrnsheim (10). With the support of the Landesarchivverwaltung Koblenz, which prepared an expert opinion on the basis of Villinger's list, the value was determined and one year later - in July 1967 - the documents were sold to the city. Thus, the Dalberg Archive, which according to the decree of the Prime Minister of Rhineland-Palatinate of 13.7.1961 had been entered into the state register of nationally valuable archives, could remain in Worms as a closed collection (11). A more detailed inventory should then be made, which was completed before the archive was moved to the city archive for security reasons. Villinger had compiled a detailed list of the contents of the 39 archive boxes, the qualitative condition of which was indicated from good to partly very poor, and of the remaining archive documents (12). On the basis of this list of Villingers, the lack of various documents and files as well as individual letters from correspondence series and gaps in official book series could be ascertained (13). In 1980 Siegfried Freiherr Heyl zu Herrnsheim handed over 14 sealed parchment documents and in 1985 his daughter, Mrs. Cornelia von Bodenhausen, another 72, partly decorative documents from the former possession of the treasurers of Worms Freiherr von Dalberg to the Foundation Kunsthaus Heylshof (14). The documents kept there were examined with the consent of the then Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Frhr. Ludwig von Heyl, as part of the project for the Dalberg Regestensammlung under the auspices of Hess. Staatsarchivs Darmstadt microfilmed in Darmstadt in 1985 and included in the Regestenwerk (15). The further written material lying in the Heylshof such as files, correspondence etc. could be taken into account in the preparation of the present repertory (16). Some files, which were offered at an auction in Heidelberg in 1984, could be bought with the support of the Altertumsverein Worms (17). Also in 1994, with the financial support of the Kulturfonds der Wormser Wirtschaft, the city was able to acquire 23 official and accounting books from private sources, which were added to the collection. With the help of this material, gaps in existing series could be closed again. Among these acquisitions was also the inventory "Verzeichnis der Urkunden, Schriftstücke etc. des Kämmerer-Dalbergarchivs Schloß Herrnsheim...", compiled in 1919 by Heyl's librarian and archivist Wilhelm Graf, in which he [until then] had only recorded the documents (18). For the use and recording of the Dept. 159 This inventory, Dept. 159, comprises the Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive (files and official books), which, together with the other inventories, Dept. 159-U Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive (documents) and Dept. 159-P Dalberg Plan Collection, comprises the entire collection of the archive of the chamberlains of Worms Freiherr von Dalberg, formerly kept in the Herrnsheimer Palace. As a complex aristocratic archive within the holdings of the Worms City Archive, it is of supra-regional importance. It reflects the work of a knightly aristocratic family with its lordly function and family ties. After the takeover of the material by the city of Worms in 1967, the directory prepared by C. J. H. Villinger served as a finding aid for years. In the archive, the bundles and official books of No. 1 - No. 428 were numbered consecutively and recorded in a corresponding list. While the documents (No. 1 - No. 323, plus sub-numbers (19)) already registered in 1919 by the Heyl's librarian and archivist Wilhelm Graf in document folders with numbers and title entries were initially easy to use, the files and folders with short titles and box numbers contained in the remaining archive boxes were relatively reliably findable, but only vaguely citable due to missing individual signatures. After in the 1980s the processing of the Dalbergian document holdings in Darmstadt, Worms (Stadtarchiv, Heylshof, Pfarrarchiv Herrnsheim) and in other archives had been implemented under the auspices of the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, a more precise indexing of the files was started as a further project (20). Dr. Jürgen Rainer Wolf of the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt processed the documents kept in the other archive boxes of the Worms Dalberg Archive, which were brought to Darmstadt for this purpose. However, only a part of the boxes (21) was opened, and each box was given a number with sub-numbers separated by slashes for the individual pieces contained therein. However, the work did not come to a conclusion. With immediate effect Wolf's finding aid, which also included official book series, had to be used in addition to the directory compiled by Villinger (22). From then on, the use of the holdings was regarded as a particular challenge, especially since there was also a link between the holdings of documents and files. This was because, at the time of the document project, the comprehensive record of documents also included the documents lying dormant in the files, the location of which was then not reliable or only difficult to secure (23). At the beginning of 2011, due to the unsatisfactory usability of the inventory on the one hand and due to the discontinuous and inconsistent depth of distortion on the other hand, the complete new distortion of the file inventory was decided and completed in October 2012. The signatures should not be changed completely, but as many as possible should be preserved and the link with existing old signatures by means of concordance should of course be guaranteed. The titles were recorded directly in the Augias archive program, at the same time the documents were embedded in acid-free archive folders and boxes. "The numbering of the convolutes was retained as signatures and, if necessary, sub-numbers separated by slashes were assigned as soon as the mostly extensive fascicles contained various individual folders. "The official records retained their signatures. "The Wolf's units of description with their signatures (no. 430/1ff - no. 440/1ff) were taken over, sifted through and the existing title recordings were deepened and supplemented on the basis of the newly recorded pieces. "Documents (24) possibly in the files, which were considered in the Dalberger Regesten volumes, were seized with the title admission both over the old signature, and usually with reference to the sequential number in the second volume of the Dalberger Regesten (25). "The further archive boxes not yet taken up by Wolf were continued and listed according to the given pattern, i.e. each further archive box received a new number (No. 442ff (26)) and the individual files, folders etc. preserved therein were provided with sub-numbers, separated by a slash. "The unlisted material found at the end of the inventory was then added with consecutive signatures. "The Dalberg letters purchased on various occasions in the 1970s, mainly letters from Carl Theodor von Dalberg, which had been integrated into the collection at the time, also remained with the new indexing in Dept. 159. " The documents kept at Kunsthaus Heylshof were recorded and selected pieces digitized (27). The digital copies were integrated in the Worms Municipal Archives into the collection of Dept. 159, since the pieces of their provenance can be attributed to the former Herrnsheim Dalberg Archive. In the case of the originals, the signatures of the city archives were noted, while the numbering used in the Heylshof (28) was recorded as an "old signature" in the title recording. This enables targeted access to the originals at Heylshof if required. "Within the scope of the registration work also the files of Dept. 159 N were dissolved (29) and inserted into Dept. 159 (now Dept. 159 No. 852 - No. 884). These are files, correspondence and family papers (mainly on the Petersau donation and the Tascher affair), which obviously also belonged to the Dalberg Archive in the past. These once formed the inventory of Dept. 158 of Dalberg, which must have existed before 1967, about its origin, i.e. (pre-)provenance before transfer into the archive, but no information is available. During the title recording it became apparent that the inventory did not have a coherent structure and that the development of a system would only make sense after completion of the work. The classification was finally drawn up on the basis of the main points of content. The assignment of each individual unit of description to the corresponding classification group then took place in a final work step, after the completion of which a real overview of the contents of the present tradition and its meaning in its entirety could be obtained. Contents The documents that were last kept in the library tower of Herrnsheim Castle before being transferred to the Worms City Archives essentially comprise archival documents relating to the Herrnsheim Dalberg Line. By the marriage (oo 12.1.1771) Wolfgang Heribert von Dalbergs with Elisabetha Augusta nee Ulner von Dieburg (30) as well as by connections of the Dalberger with other families further document and file material was added. The collection of Dept. 159 as part of the Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive comprises the file and official book tradition, the temporal focus of which clearly lies in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. The early material (from 1249) is mostly copies of documents. A copy in which a large number of documents were recorded between 1249 and 1469 (31) deserves special mention here. Temporal "runaways" in the 20th century came about through subsequent additions to the holdings. On the one hand, various correspondences and records had been added sporadically at the time of the von Heyl family (32) and on the other hand, in connection with the purchase of Dalberg letters, the corresponding correspondence had been left with the letters (33). The most closed collection within the Dept. 159 is the archive material dating back to Emmerich Joseph von Dalberg (1773-1833). Due to the fact that with him the Herrnsheimer Dalberg line died out in the male tribe, after the death of his father Wolfgang Heribert all administrative matters of the Herrnsheimer line and after the death of his uncle Carl Theodor von Dalberg as his universal heir were incumbent upon him the order and administration of his inheritance including the Regensburg endowment. Furthermore and especially in Dept. 159 there is the diplomatic estate of the Duc de Dalberg with numerous memoirs, correspondence and rich material (targeted collection, own records etc.) on the (foreign) policy of France and other European countries. In addition, its business activities are richly reflected, not least in the activities of the Paravey Bank.

History of the Inventor: The Naval Cabinet was created in 1889, modelled on the Prussian Military Cabinet, as an office for the exercise of command in maritime affairs. It became the decisive authority in personnel matters of naval officers. On 28.10.1918 subordinated to the State Secretary of the Reichsmarineamt. Inventory description: Following the model of the Prussian Military Cabinet, the Naval Cabinet was created on April 1, 1889. Designed as an office for the exercise of command in maritime affairs, it has evolved in practice into the key personnel agency for naval officers. As an immediate authority, it was directly subordinated to the emperor, i.e. it was not subject to the responsibility of parliament. The Naval Cabinet should act as the administrative authority for the "management of maritime affairs" and for the transmission of orders to the Naval Authorities and to certain persons. However, the main task became the processing of the personal data and staffing of the naval officers, naval cadets, naval infantry officers, mechanical engineers, witness officers, fireworks officers and torpedo officers. On 28 October 1918 the authority was subordinated to the State Secretary of the Reichsmarineamt and in December 1918 it was converted into the Personalamt im Reichsmarineamt. Characterisation of the contents: The files of the naval cabinet have been relatively completely preserved. This does not rule out gaps in individual cases. For example, there are no detailed file plans or other registration aids or a business distribution plan valid at the time. As adjutant general, the chief of the naval cabinet was in the emperor's personal service. The files of his authority therefore document to a considerable extent the personal affairs of Wilhelm II and other domestic and foreign princes. They contain, among other things, hand-drawn fleet tables, drawings and ship constructions of the emperor, lecture manuscripts, texts of imperial sermons and ship services, correspondence, gift lists and newspaper cuttings with personal marginal notes to all questions of the time as well as documents about construction and maintenance of the imperial yachts, all sea and land journeys of the emperor and personal affairs of the imperial family. The largest part of the stock concerns the personnel affairs of the officers. Although the personnel files were destroyed as intended after the deaths of those affected, the existing extracts from the qualification reports in conjunction with documents on visits, farewells, personnel budgets and staffing allow an almost complete reconstruction of personnel policy in the Navy as well as the military career of individual active officers. Documents on the general organisation of the navy and military political affairs, including correspondence with the military cabinet and other military and civil authorities, as well as military reporting on general political and economic affairs are another focus of the collection. Order awards, social affairs, administration and administration of justice are also documented. State of development: Online-Findbuch Scope, Explanation: Stock without increase78,5 lfm 2573 AE Citation method: BArch, RM 2/...

Geschichte des Bestandsbildners: Rechtsgrundlagen Zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts herrschte in Deutschland mit 29 verschiedenen Patentrechten bzw. Privilegienordnungen jeweils territorialer Wirkung eine große Rechtszersplitterung auf dem Gebiet des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes. Dieser Zustand wurde durch das von einer Patentkommission des Reichskanzleramts erarbeitete Patentgesetz vom 25. Mai 1877 (RGBl. S. 501) beendet. Dieses war mehr industrie- als erfinderfreundlich, denn der Erteilungsanspruch stand dem ersten Anmelder, nicht dem Erfinder zu, und Patente konnten gewerblich verwertet werden. Jedermann hatte das Recht auf Einsichtnahme in die Erteilungsunterlagen. Beschreibungen und Zeichnungen wurden von da an amtlich veröffentlicht. Obwohl die Möglichkeit der Lizenzerteilung an Dritte ohne Übertragung des Patentrechts vorgesehen war, unterlag der Patentinhaber drei Jahre nach der Erteilung einem indirekten Lizenzzwang. Die gesetzlichen Grundlagen für das Kaiserliche Patentamt bildeten das o.g. Patentgesetz und die Verordnung betreffend die Errichtung, das Verfahren und den Geschäftsgang des Patentamts vom 18. Juni 1877 (RGBl. S. 533). Der Patentschutz war aber noch nicht effektiv genug, und die Zahl der Anmeldungen stieg, so dass schon am 4. April 1891 ein neues Patentgesetz (RGBl. S. 79) erlassen wurde. In erster Linie verstärkte es die Rechte der Patentinhaber. Der Neuheitsbegriff im Sinne des § 2 des Gesetzes wurde eingeschränkt und unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen die Aussetzung der Bekanntmachung ermöglicht. Das Gesetz betreffend den Schutz von Gebrauchsmustern vom 1. Juni 1891 (RGBl. S. 290) war eine Ergänzung des Patentgesetzes und trat ebenso wie dieses am 1. Oktober 1891 in Kraft. Es war notwendig geworden, da das Gesetz betreffend das Urheberrecht an Mustern und Modellen vom 11. Januar 1876 (RGBl. S. 11) nur die sogenannten Geschmacksmuster, jedoch nicht die zur Steigerung der Gebrauchsfähigkeit dienenden Modelle (Gebrauchsmuster) schützte. Eine weitere Vereinheitlichung des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes brachte das Gesetz zum Schutz der Warenbezeichnungen vom 12. Mai 1894 (RGBl. S. 441). Auf diesem Gebiet hatte es bis 1874 lediglich regionale Zeichenrechte gegeben. Das Gesetz über den Markenschutz vom 30. November 1874 (RGBl. S. 1943) hatte die Zuständigkeit für die Registrierung den Amtsgerichten zugewiesen. Nun oblag auch diese Aufgabe dem Patentamt. Das Gesetz betreffend die Patentanwälte vom 21. Mai 1900 (RGBl. S. 233; neugefasst durch das Patentanwaltsgesetz vom 28. September 1933 (vgl. RGBl. II S. 669) führte eine Liste von berufsmäßigen Vertretern im Verfahren vor dem Patentamt, eine Prüfungskommission und einen Ehrengerichtshof für Patentanwälte ein. Starke Reformbestrebungen seit ca. 1900, die 1913 zu einem Entwurf der Reichsregierung für ein neues Patentgesetz nebst Gebrauchsmustergesetz führten, wurden durch den Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges unterbrochen. Sie wurden ab 1927 wieder aufgenommen, konnten auf Grund der innenpolitischen Verhältnisse aber nicht sofort durchgeführt werden und fanden ihren Abschluss erst in den Gesetzen über den gewerblichen Rechtsschutz vom 5. Mai 1936. Das Patentgesetz vom 5. Mai 1936 (RGBl. II S. 117) brachte hauptsächlich dem Erfinder zugute kommende Änderungen, darunter die Ersetzung des Anmelderprinzips durch das Erfinderprinzip, die Unterstützung mittelloser Erfinder und eine Neuheitsschonfrist. Das Patentrecht sollte das geistige Eigentum des Erfinders schützen. Durch das Gebrauchsmustergesetz vom 5. Mai 1936 (RGBl. II S. 130) wurden das materielle Gebrauchsmusterrecht und das Verfahrensrecht an das Patentgesetz angeglichen. Auch das neue Warenzeichengesetz vom 5. Mai 1936 (RGBl. II S. 134) brachte verschiedene Neuerungen. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg gab es neben der Einführung von Geheimpatenten und eingeschränkten Beschwerdemöglichkeiten auch im Interesse der Rüstungswirtschaft stehende Fortschritte im Arbeitnehmererfinderrecht. Aufgaben des Patentamts Die wesentlichen Aufgaben des Patentamts waren die Erteilung von Patenten und die Entscheidung über die Erklärung der Nichtigkeit bzw. die Zurücknahme von Patenten sowie die Erteilung von Zwangslizenzen. Daraus ergab sich eine Doppelfunktion sowohl als Verwaltungsbehörde als auch als gerichtliche Instanz. Eine Möglichkeit der Berufung gegen Nichtigkeitsbeschlüsse bestand beim Reichsoberhandelsgericht in Leipzig, ab dem 1. Oktober 1879 beim Reichsgericht. Einen besonderen Aufgabenbereich des Reichspatentamts in der Zeit des Zweiten Weltkriegs bildete die Vergeltung von Patenten. Auf der Grundlage des § 26 der Verordnung über die Behandlung feindlichen Vermögens vom 15. Januar 1940 (RGBl I S. 191) erließ der Reichsjustizminister in den folgenden Jahren mehrere Verordnungen über gewerbliche Schutzrechte bzw. Urheberrechte ausländischer Staatsangehöriger. Wurden deutschen Staatsangehörigen oder Unternehmen auf Grund fehlender bilateraler Abkommen oder Verträge auf der Grundlage von Ausnahmegesetzen Beschränkungen in der Nutzung von ausländischen Patenten auferlegt und in der Vergeltung ihrer eigenen Patente durch ausländische Firmen eine gegenüber den Bürgern dieser ausländischen Staaten abweichende Behandlung zuteil, so wurden sie für entstandene finanzielle Schäden durch das Deutsche Reich vergolten. An den in Deutschland wirksamen Schutzrechten ausländischer Staatsangehöriger konnten zur Wahrung allgemeiner Belange Ausübungsrechte an deutsche Firmen erteilt werden. Außerdem bestand die Möglichkeit, Patenterteilungen auszusetzen bzw. Gebrauchsmuster und Warenzeichen einzutragen. Die entsprechenden Anordnungen wurden vom Präsidenten des Reichspatentamts getroffen, gegen dessen Entscheidung keine Beschwerde möglich war. Organisation Zu Beginn seiner Tätigkeit gliederte sich das Patentamt in sechs Anmeldeabteilungen (für Patentanmeldungen) und eine Nichtigkeitsabteilung. Es gab keine eigenen Beschwerdeabteilungen, denn über Beschwerden gegen Beschlüsse einer Anmeldeabteilung entschied jeweils eine der anderen Anmeldeabteilungen. Das Patentgesetz von 1891 schuf erstmals die klare funktionelle Trennung von Anmelde-, Beschwerde- und Nichtigkeitsabteilungen sowie ein Vorprüfverfahren durch Mitglieder der Anmeldeabteilungen. Durch das Gebrauchsmustergesetz von 1891 wurde die Einrichtung einer Anmeldestelle für Gebrauchsmuster notwendig. Jedoch fand das Gebrauchsmusterlöschungsverfahren vor den ordentlichen Gerichten statt. Das Warenzeichengesetz von 1894 führte zur Errichtung von Warenzeichenabteilungen. Am 31. Oktober 1917 wurde das Patentamt aus dem Geschäftsbereich des Reichsamts des Innern ausgegliedert und dem Reichsjustizamt nachgeordnet. Am 24. März 1919 erhielt es die Bezeichnung "Reichspatentamt" (RPA). 1926 wurde beim Reichspatentamt der Große Senat gebildet, der die Entscheidungsbefugnis über grundsätzliche Rechtsfragen erhielt. Die Gesetze über den gewerblichen Rechtsschutz von 1936 bewirkten folgende organisatorische Veränderungen: Im Patentbereich wurden die Anmelde-, Beschwerde- und Nichtigkeitsabteilungen in Senate umbenannt, an deren Spitze Senatspräsidenten standen. Im Warenzeichenbereich gab es fortan Warenzeichenabteilungen und Beschwerdesenate. Im Gebrauchsmusterbereich ging die Zuständigkeit für Gebrauchsmusterlöschungsverfahren von den Zivilgerichten auf das Patentamt über. Daher gab es neben der Gebrauchsmusterstelle, die für Anmeldungen zuständig war, auch Gebrauchsmusterabteilungen, die mit Löschungen befasst waren. Durch eine Verordnung vom 17. Juni 1938 (RGBl. I S. 638) wurden das österreichische Patentamt und der österreichische Patentgerichtshof mit Wirkung vom 1. Juli 1938 übernommen und als Zweigstelle Österreich dem Reichspatentamt angegliedert. Die Zweigstelle wurde allerdings durch Erlass des Reichsjustizministers vom 23. Dezember 1941 (s. "Deutsche Justiz" 1942, S. 13) zum 31. März 1942 wieder aufgelöst (vgl. R 131/587-589, 794-796, 1021-1025). Im April 1945 stellte das Reichspatentamt seine Arbeit ein. Bedingt durch die Folgen des Zweiten Weltkrieges entwickelten sich in beiden deutschen Staaten separate Patentämter, in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland das Deutsche Patentamt (DPA) mit Sitz in München sowie einer Außenstelle in Berlin und in der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik das Amt für Erfindungs- und Patentwesen (AfEP). Personelle Entwicklung im Patentamt Bei der personellen Besetzung des Patentamts unterschied man neben dem Vorsitzenden, der seit der Bekanntmachung vom 26. Oktober 1882 den Titel "Präsident" führte, zwischen ständigen und nicht ständigen Mitgliedern sowie den "sonstigen" Bediensteten (Hilfskräften). Es gab zum einen rechtskundige, d.h. zum Richteramt oder zum höheren Verwaltungsdienst befähigte, zum anderen technische, d.h. in einem Bereich der Technik sachverständige, Mitglieder, die sämtlich in den Anfangsjahren des Patentamts nebenberuflich tätig waren. Im Jahr 1877 beschäftigte das Patentamt insgesamt 39 Personen. Im Zuge des Personalausbaus erhöhte sich zwar die Zahl der Beschäftigten von 39 (1877) auf 172 (1889), jedoch stieg die Mitgliederzahl nur von 22 auf 36. Der Grund dafür war das verstärkte Einstellen technischer Hilfsarbeiter (wissenschaftlicher Hilfskräfte). Als Folge der Neugestaltung durch das Patentgesetz von 1891, welches auch die Berufung der Mitglieder auf Lebenszeit brachte, wuchs der Personalbestand von über 600 (1900) auf annähernd 1.000 Personen (1914) an. Dabei vergrößerte sich die Zahl der Techniker im Vergleich zu den Juristen immer stärker. Im Ersten Weltkrieg wurden vermehrt weibliche Arbeitskräfte als Hilfskräfte eingestellt. Nach dem Krieg erreichte man den Stand von 1914 erst wieder im Jahr 1926 mit rund 1.000 Bediensteten. Ab 1930 setzte eine rasche Vergrößerung des Personalbestands ein, der seine Höchstzahl 1939 mit ca. 1.900 Personen erreichte. Internationale Zusammenarbeit: Auf internationaler Ebene kam es zur ersten Zusammenarbeit anlässlich der "Pariser Verbandsübereinkunft zum Schutz des gewerblichen Eigentums" vom 20. März 1883 (vgl. R 131/1049-1052, 1055). Dieser trat Deutschland allerdings erst mit Wirkung vom 1. März 1903 bei. Seitdem galt die Übereinkunft als innerdeutsches Recht. Ihre wichtigsten Bestimmungen waren die Unionspriorität und die Inländerbehandlung aller Unionsangehörigen. Diese Handhabung galt seit der Revision von 1911 auch für Gebrauchsmuster und Warenzeichen. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist außerdem das "Madrider Abkommen über die internationale Registrierung von Fabrik- und Handelsmarken" vom 14. April 1891 (vgl. R 131/1040, 1077-1081), dem Deutschland 1924 beitrat. Dies führte zur Bildung der Markenstelle für internationale Markenregistrierung beim Reichspatentamt. Bestandsbeschreibung: Bestandsgeschichte Wie andere Dienststellen der Verwaltung auch lagerte das in der Gitschiner Straße 97-103 in Berlin ansässige Reichspatentamt einen großen Teil seiner Unterlagen während des Zweiten Weltkriegs an Ausweichstandorte aus. Ab 1943 gelangten die Geheimsachen, das gesamte Prüfungsmaterial, die Akten der 21 Patentabteilungen sowie fast alle Unterlagen über noch schwebende Patentanmeldungen (ca. 180.000 Patenterteilungsakten der ersten Instanz) nach Schlesien, in ein leerstehendes Zuchthaus in Striegau und in den Ort Jauer. Die Geheimsachen über Patentanmeldungen, geheime Gebrauchsmuster, erteilte und Sonderpatente wurden im Januar 1945 wieder nach Berlin und im Februar 1945 in ein verlassenes Kalibergwerk in Heringen (Werra) gebracht. Dorthin verlegte man auch die Personalakten sowie einen Großteil der Bibliotheksbestände des Reichspatentamts (ca. 300.000 Bände) und das "Index" genannte Patentregister seit 1939 - mit Ausnahme des Buchstaben R, dessen Register in Striegau verblieb. Striegau wurde am 10. Februar 1945 von sowjetischen Truppen besetzt, die das Zuchthaus sprengten. Das gesamte Prüfungsmaterial, die Akten von 18 Patentabteilungen sowie das Patentregister für den Buchstaben R fielen den Flammen zum Opfer. Die nach der Rückeroberung der Stadt durch deutsche Truppen geborgenen Reste verbrachte man nach Heringen. Das Prüfungsmaterial und die Akten der drei restlichen Patentabteilungen, die zuvor in Jauer aufbewahrt worden waren, verlagerte man nach Eger und von dort aus später nach Lichtenfels. Andere Teile, vor allem Bücher und Prüfungsmaterial, flüchtete man im März 1945 von Striegau aus in eine Försterei in Bayerisch-Eisenstein. Diese Unterlagen überdauerten die Wirren der letzten Kriegstage. Das Schicksal der nach Jauer verlagerten Schriftgutbestände ist indes ungewiss. Von den in Berlin verbliebenen Unterlagen, v.a. Patenterteilungsakten der zweiten Instanz, d.h. Beschwerde- und Nichtigkeitsverfahren, sowie Akten über Gebrauchsmuster- und Warenzeichenverfahren, fielen große Teile den Kriegseinwirkungen in den letzten Monaten des Krieges zum Opfer. Durch Bomben zerstört wurden fast sämtliche Warenzeichenakten (ca. 520.000), Unterlagen über die in Deutschland geschützten, international registrierten Marken, fast sämtliche Gebrauchsmusterakten (ca. 160.000) sowie viele Verwaltungsakten. Vollständig zerstört wurden insbesondere die Sachakten der Personalverwaltung. Erhalten blieben vor allem die Patent-, Gebrauchsmuster- und Warenzeichen-Rollen. Von den sowjetischen Truppen wurden nach ihrem Einmarsch in Berlin am 27. Mai 1945 Patentanmeldungen, die sich im Beschwerdeverfahren befanden (ca. 2.787), Akten über erteilte Patente, von denen noch keine gedruckten Patentschriften vorlagen (ca. 150.000), eine Sammlung der deutschen Patentschriften (ca. 14.000 Bände), Teile der Büchereibestände über wichtige technische Probleme, sämtliche Dissertationen sowie ein Teil der Verwaltungsakten beschlagnahmt und teilweise weggeführt. Als nicht wichtig sah man offenbar die noch nicht bearbeiteten ca. 150.000 Patentanmeldungen an, da von diesen nur Durchschläge vorzufinden waren; die Originale waren in Striegau verbrannt. Die nicht von der UdSSR beschlagnahmten Unterlagen blieben in der Dienststelle Berlin, darunter auch Verwaltungsakten über Rechtssachen, das Patentanwaltswesen, Haushalts- und Kassensachen, und wurden später der Außenstelle Berlin des Deutschen Patentamts übergeben. Nicht mehr im laufenden Geschäftsbetrieb benötigte Unterlagen hatte das Reichspatentamt bereits ans Reichsarchiv auf dem Brauhausberg in Potsdam abgegeben. Dieser Schriftgutbestand wurde im April 1945 zerstört, als das Reichsarchiv nach Bombenabwürfen brannte. Nach dem Einmarsch der Westalliierten in Berlin fand sich die dortige Dienststelle des Reichspatentamts im US-amerikanisch besetzten Sektor der Stadt wieder. Von deren noch vorhandenen, unzerstört gebliebenen Unterlagen, darunter vor allem von den Patentanmeldungen, fertigte die amerikanische "Organization Field Information Agency Technical" (FIAT) Mikrofilme, die in die USA gebracht wurden. Das "British Intelligence Objective Sub-Committee" (BIOS) erstellte Auszüge aus den Patentakten, die in 22 Bänden zusammengefasst der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht wurden. Im Schacht Heringen hatten SD-Angehörige vor der Besetzung durch US-amerikanische Truppen wichtige Patente und Geheimakten (zu 95 Prozent) sowie Personalakten vernichtet. Ein großer Teil der dort verbliebenen Unterlagen, darunter ein Teil noch nicht bearbeiteter geheimer Anmeldungen und die geheime Patentrolle, wie auch der in Lichtenfels und in Bayerisch-Eisenstein sichergestellten Akten, wurde in die USA abtransportiert, unter anderem in das Aktendepot der US Army in Alexandria bei Washington. Das Patentamt erhielt im Juli 1945 die Erlaubnis, seine Tätigkeit wieder aufzunehmen. Als Amt für Bodenforschung wurde es mit Unterstützung der Regierung in Kassel an das Geologische Institut der Universität Marburg verlegt. Seine Akten lagerte man in der Grube Beilstein bei Oberscheld ein. Im Januar 1946 erfolgte die Abtrennung der für die Arbeit im großhessischen Raum benötigten von den die sowjetisch besetzten Gebiete betreffenden Unterlagen. Derart gelangte nach Beilstein das für die Provinzen Schleswig-Holstein, Hannover, Oldenburg, Braunschweig, Westfalen, das Rheinland und Süddeutschland relevante Material. Dem 1949 in München neu eröffneten Deutschen Patentamt übergaben die USA die Bibliothek des Reichspatentamts im Umfang von ca. 350.000 Bänden sowie Fotokopien beschlagnahmter Akten. Das in die USA verbrachte Schriftgut des Reichspatentamts wurde in den 1950er und 60er Jahren in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland zurückgeführt. Größtenteils gelangte das Schriftgut direkt ins Deutsche Patentamt nach München, darunter auch vor der Zerstörung im Schacht Heringen gerettete Personalakten. Die ehemalige Außenstelle des Reichspatentamts in Berlin nahm zu Anfang der 1950er Jahre ihre Arbeit offiziell wieder auf. Diese Treuhandstelle Reichspatentamt - Informationsamt für gewerbliche Schutzrechte wurde 1968 als Dienststelle Berlin in das Deutsche Patentamt übernommen. Die in Alexandria zur Record Group 1016 gehörigen Akten des Reichspatentamts (112 Kartons) wurden 1959 an das Bundesarchiv zurückgegeben, das sie im selben Jahr nach München abgab. Zu den von der Sowjetunion zurückbehaltenen Teilen der Überlieferung des Reichspatentamts gehören 132 Akten, die in den 1960er Jahren von der Geheimen Abteilung des Ministeriums für Landwirtschaft der UdSSR in das sog. "Sonderarchiv" überführt wurden. Diese ausschließlich das Fachgebiet Landwirtschaft betreffenden Akten erstrecken sich über die Laufzeit 1935-1942 und sind in einem russischsprachigen Findbuch erschlossen. Sie befinden sich noch heute in dem zur Aufbewahrung von "Beuteakten" bestimmten Archiv, das heute dem Russländischen Zentralen Staatlichen Militärarchiv untersteht (siehe www.sonderarchiv.de). Generalakten Die Generalakten des Reichspatentamts wurden von den Westalliierten direkt in das Deutsche Patentamt überführt. 1972 gab sie die Dienststelle Berlin des Patentamts an das Bundesarchiv ab (Zugang Nr. I 77/72). Patentanmeldungsakten Bis zum Kriegsende konnten nicht mehr alle Anmeldungen beim Reichspatentamt bearbeitet werden. Die Patentakten aus den Fällen, in denen wegen der Kriegsereignisse in den Jahren 1944-1945 kein Patent mehr erteilt werden konnte und die nicht bekannt gegeben worden waren, wurden zwischen 1945 und 1947 zusammen mit anderen Unterlagen technischer und wissenschaftlicher Art von zunächst militärischen, dann zivilen "Investigating Teams" der Briten und US-Amerikaner beschlagnahmt. Entscheidend für die Auswahl des Materials war das Interesse der britischen und US-amerikanischen Industrie an Fertigungsverfahren der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft. Fachleute beider Seiten arbeiteten anhand der Akten Forschungsberichte, sog. "Reports", über einzelne Firmen oder Produktionssparten sowie kurze Inhaltsbeschreibungen, sog. "Summaries", aus und machten diese der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Großbritannien veröffentlichte die "British Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee Overall Reports" (BIOS) und die USA die "Field Information Agency Technical US Group, Control Council for Germany"-Serie (FIAT). Daneben wurde noch gemeinsam die "Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee"-Serie (CIOS) herausgegeben. Die Veröffentlichungen erregten ihrerzeit öffentliches Aufsehen. Der sog. Harmsen-Report übte Kritik an der "Ausbeutung" deutscher Patente seitens der USA und Großbritanniens. Auf britischer Seite war zunächst die "German Division" der "Technical Information and Document Unit" (TIDU) beim "Ministry of Economic Warfare" für diese Aktion zuständig. 1946 wurde die TIDU dem "Board of Trade" unterstellt. 1951 kam diese Informations- und Dokumentationsstelle in den Geschäftsbereich des "Department of Scientific and Industrial Research" (DSIR). Bei der Auflösung der TIDU 1957 übertrug man die Verwahrung des deutschen Aktenmaterials der "Lending Library Unit" des DSIR. Infolge Raummangels wurde diese 1961/62 als "National Lending Library for Science and Technology" nach Boston Spa, Yorkshire, verlegt. Die Originale der von den Briten ausgewerteten deutschen Patentakten befinden sich noch heute in Boston Spa. Zu Anfang der 1950er Jahre erwarb das Deutsche Patentamt in München Mikrofilme dieses Aktenbestands. Diese 1.000 Mikrofilmrollen kopierte das Bundesarchiv in den Jahren von 1969 bis 1974 auf Sicherheitsfilm um. Diese Filmduplikate bilden einen eigenen Teilbestand innerhalb von R 131. Sieben einzelne Patentakten gab das Deutsche Patentamt in München 1972 an das Bundesarchiv ab. Im Jahr 1975 wurden 243 sogenannte "Erteilungsakten" des Reichspatentamts mit der Genehmigung des Bundesarchivs in der Dienststelle Berlin des Deutschen Patentamts kassiert. Mehrere Kartons mit Patentanmeldungsunterlagen gelangten nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg in die DDR, vermutlich in das Zentrale Staatsarchiv der DDR (ZStA) in Potsdam, wo sie zunächst wohl nicht weiter bearbeitet, d.h. auch nicht erschlossen wurden. In Ermangelung entsprechender Dokumentation lässt sich der Zeitpunkt, zu dem diese Unterlagen nach Deutschland kamen, nicht näher bestimmen. Russischsprachige Vermerke auf einzelnen Dokumenten lassen immerhin darauf schließen, dass diese Unterlagen 1945 von den sowjetischen Besatzungstruppen beschlagnahmt und von Fachleuten gesichtet, vermutlich auch ausgewertet wurden. Ob sie im Zuge der sowjetischen Aktenrückgaben in den 1950er Jahren oder zu einem anderen Zeitpunkt nach Deutschland zurückkehrten, ließ sich bisher leider genauso wenig feststellen. Nach der Integration der zentralen Archive der DDR ins Bundesarchiv 1990 wurden diese Unterlagen jedenfalls in die neue Außenstelle des Archivs in Hoppegarten umgelagert. Dort blieben sie bis 2010, als das Archiv Aufräumarbeiten durchführte, weitgehend unbeachtet. Vergeltungsakten Eine wenig umfangreiche Überlieferung an Vergeltungsakten (ca. 420 AE) gelangte im April 1973 durch eine Abgabe (Zugang I 26/73) der Dienststelle Berlin des Deutschen Patentamts ins Bundesarchiv. Personalakten Das Deutsche Patentamt gab im Jahr 1980 aus seiner Dienststelle in München Personalakten von Beamten des Reichspatentamts ab, die nach dem Krieg noch weiterbeschäftigt worden waren. Die in München gelagerten Akten waren infolge eines Brandschadens bei der zu Kriegsende erfolgten Auslagerung, von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, zu großen Teilen angesengt bzw. vollständig verbrannt. Die Dienststelle München gab im selben Jahr 1980 ferner "Personalakten verschiedener Behörden und Gerichte über Personen, deren Zugehörigkeit zum ehemaligen Kaiserlichen Patentamt/Reichspatentamt nicht festgestellt werden konnte", ab. Aus seiner Dienststelle in Berlin gab das Deutsche Patentamt 1980 in dreizehn Kartons 859 Personalakten von Angehörigen des Kaiserlichen bzw. des Reichspatentamts ab. Das Bundesministerium der Justiz (BMJ) als vorgesetzte Dienststelle des Bundespatentamts reichte 1980 im Nachgang eine weitere Archivalieneinheit nach (R 131/2720). Aus den für archivwürdig befundenen Akten wurde im Bundesarchiv der Teilbestand "R 131 - Personalakten" gebildet (Signaturen: R 131/1698-2720). 1981 gab das BMJ weitere 29 Personalakten des Reichspatentamts ab, die dem Bestand beigefügt wurden (R 131/2730-2758). 1995 wurden dem Bundesarchiv vom Deutschen Patentamt, München, 94 Personalakten jüdischer Patentanwälte übergeben (R 131/2760-2853). Im März 2004 gab das Bundespatentamt sechs Kartons mit 325 Personalakten von Patentanwälten an das Bundesarchiv ab. Im April desselben Jahres folgten weitere 194 Akten, im Juli drei weitere Kartons. Spätere Nachlieferungen sind nicht im Einzelnen dokumentiert, auch fehlen weitere Abgabeverzeichnisse oder namentliche Auflistungen. Insgesamt handelt es sich um ca. 19 lfm (38 große Umzugskartons). Aus dem Bestand 30.12 (Reichsjustizprüfungsamt) des Zentralen Staatsarchivs der DDR in Potsdam wurden 0,57 lfm (3 Archivkartons) mit Fragmenten von Personalakten in den Bestand übernommen (Altsignaturen: 30.12/2296-2895). Diese Unterlagen sind noch unbearbeitet wie auch weitere 0,14 lfm (ein Archivkarton) an Fragmenten von Personalunterlagen unbekannter Herkunft. Archivische Bewertung und Bearbeitung Das Schriftgut des Reichspatentamts bildet im Bundesarchiv den Bestand R 131. Für die unterschiedlichen Überlieferungsteile wurden in den 1980er Jahren zunächst jeweils eigenständige Findmittel angefertigt: R 131 - Generalakten R 131 - Vergeltungsakten R 131 - Patentanmeldungsakten R 131 - Personalakten In späteren Jahren kamen weitere Personal- und Patentanmeldungsakten hinzu. Organisationsunterlagen und Aktenpläne des Reichspatentamts sind nicht vorhanden. Lediglich ein Aktenplan von 1935/36 (vgl. R 131/446) konnte ermittelt werden, der in Anlehnung an den Generalaktenplan des Reichsjustizministeriums nach Haupt- und Untergruppen gegliedert, allem Anschein nach aber nie in Kraft getreten ist. Das Fehlen von Aktenplänen bzw. von entsprechend aufschlussreichen sonstigen Nachweisen über die Registraturführung im Reichspatentamt einerseits und das Vorhandensein zahlreicher Akten ohne Aktenzeichen andererseits lassen definitive Aussagen über die Schriftgutverwaltung der Behörde und eine durchweg induktive Klassifikation nicht zu. Generalakten Die Aktenverwaltung oblag den einzelnen Registraturen des Reichspatentamts. Vermutlich führten diese - nach dem Muster der Justiz - jeweils Generalaktenregister, in welche die dort gebildeten Generalakten eingetragen und anhand derer neue Aktenzeichen für neu anfallende Akten vergeben wurden. Es ist auch zu vermuten, dass in einer der Registraturen oder Organisationseinheiten des Hauses ein "vollständiges" Generalaktenregister geführt worden ist. Die Vergabe von Aktenzeichen erfolgte offenbar nach Aufgabenbereichen, gekennzeichnet durch römische Ziffern, so z.B. "gen. I" für Patentsachen. Auf der Aktenstufe vergab man arabische Ziffern, so z.B. "gen. I, 1". In einigen Fällen erfolgte eine weitere Untergliederung des Aktenstoffs durch Anfügen von Kleinbuchstaben an die Grundnummer, so z.B. "gen. III, 4 - Zeichen" "gen. III, 4 a - Freizeichen" "gen. III, 4 b - Wortzeichen" "gen. III, 4 c - Wappen". Zahlreichen Generalakten sind Rotuli vorgeheftet, in denen die Schriftstücke vorgangsweise nachgewiesen sind. Nach klassischem Muster wurden im Reichspatentamt zu den Generalakten auch abgeleitete Akten in Form von Specialia und Adhibenda angelegt: Die Kennzeichnung erfolgte durch die bekannten Abkürzungen "spec." und "adh.". Die Gliederung des Aktenstoffes in diese Aktenkategorien scheint dem Wortsinn nach fast durchweg logisch durchgeführt worden zu sein. Eine erste Bearbeitung der Generalakten nahmen in den Jahren 1984-1985 Dorothe Günthner und Johannes Ganser vor. Bei der Verzeichnung der Akten wurden nicht nur sämtliche Aktenzeichen aufgenommen worden, sondern auch auf den Aktendeckeln angebrachte Hinweise auf verwandte Aktenzeichen, allerdings nur insoweit, als letztere im Bundesarchiv überliefert sind. Der Umstand, dass die Überlieferung des Schriftguts des Reichspatentamts, darunter auch jenes der Generalakten, nur unvollständig in das Bundesarchiv gelangt ist; ist an der Klassifikation deutlich sichtbar. Die Klassifikation des Bestands konnte nach der vom Reichspatentamt vorgenommenen Gruppierung der Akten nach Aufgabenbereichen (römische Ziffern) und Aktennummern (arabische Ziffern) in aufsteigender Zahlenfolge vorgenommen werden, ausgenommen die ohne Aktenzeichen überlieferten Akten zu den Patentanwälten, die als Gruppe VI angefügt wurden. Die Gesamtklassifikation stellt sich folgendermaßen dar: I Patente II Geschmacks- und Gebrauchsmuster III Warenzeichen IV Angelegenheiten von Hauptbüro/Präsidialabteilung V Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz im Ausland VI Patentanwälte. Die Klassifizierung der Gruppen I-III und V gestaltete sich dank vorgegebener Aktenzeichen bei der Mehrzahl der Akten nach diesem Raster problemlos. Die ohne Aktenzeichen vorliegenden Akten in den Gruppen I-III konnten relativ leicht nach sachlichem Zusammenhang zugeordnet werden. Eine tiefer gestufte Klassifikation erschien nicht erforderlich. In den Gruppen I-III waren die Akten-Nummern ursprünglich wohl so vergeben worden, dass sie den jeweiligen Paragrafen der Patent-, Muster- und Warenzeichengesetze entsprachen. Für diejenigen Akten, die nicht in unmittelbarem Bezug zu Gesetzesparagrafen standen, sind die Aktenzeichen offenbar in fortlaufender nummerischer Abfolge vergeben worden. Die Gruppe IV hebt sich gegenüber den übrigen Gruppen insofern ab, als es sich um den schriftlichen Niederschlag übergreifender Tätigkeiten des Hauptbüros bzw. der Präsidialabteilung handelt: Regelungen zur Handhabung der Bestimmungen des Patent-, Gebrauchs- und Geschmacksmuster- sowie des Warenzeichenrechts einerseits sowie Regelungen des Dienstbetriebs, Geschäftsgangs, Postverkehrs andererseits. Hier ist - auf Grund der unvollständigen Überlieferung der Akten - eine Aktenordnung ähnlich jener der Gruppen I-III nicht erkennbar. Wegen der lückenhaften Überlieferung des Bestands einerseits und fehlender Aktenzeichen andererseits - meist sind nur Spezialia oder Adhibenda vorhanden, während die Generalia fehlen -, wurde bei der Klassifikation zwar die Abfolge der Aktenzeichen beibehalten, aber im Unterschied zu den Gruppen I-III und V eine archivische Klassifikation durchgeführt, die eine feiner gestufte Gliederung notwendig machte. Die Akten der Gruppe V sind vom Reichspatentamt nach einem Länderalfabet angelegt, die Aktenzeichen auch hier in aufsteigender Zahlenfolge vergeben worden. Die Reihung der Akten nach Aktenzeichen wurde bei der Klassifikation lediglich dadurch unterbrochen, dass die Akten betreffend internationale Zusammenschlüsse, Abkommen und Kongresse, die mitten in der Länderserie angesiedelt worden waren, dort herausgenommen und an den Schluss der Aktengruppe gestellt wurden. Angesichts im Laufe der Jahrzehnte geänderter Bezeichnungen einzelner Staatsgebiete (vgl. z.B. Schutzgebiete) ist zur Erleichterung der Benutzung ein geografischer Index gefertigt worden. Die ohne Aktenzeichen überlieferten Akten der Gruppe VI wurden nach Sachkomplexen klassifiziert. Kassiert wurden im Jahr 1995 die in den Generalakten enthaltenen und Auszüge aus Gesetzes- und Veröffentlichungsblättern sowie bedeutungsloser Schriftwechsel - z.B. über die Verlegung von Sitzungen des Reichspatentamts. Das von Dorothe Günthner und Johannes Ganser erarbeitete Findbuch wurde von Frau Schuster geschrieben. Diese Erschließungsdaten wurden nach 2005 retrokonvertiert und können nunmehr im Datenbanksystem des Bundesarchivs (BASYS) über das Recherchesystem INVENIO abgerufen werden. Vergeltungsakten Dorothe Günthner und Johannes Ganser bearbeiteten im April 1984 den ersten Teil der Überlieferung. Von den ursprünglich 376 Bänden (ca. 1,5 Gefach) des ersten Überlieferungsteils wurden 75 Bände als archivwürdig bewertet (R 131/10001-10076). Kassiert wurden insbesondere diejenigen Akten, die aus rein formalen Gründen abgelehnte Anträge nach der Verordnung über die Behandlung feindlichen Vermögens vom 15. Januar 1940 (RGBl I S.191) zum Gegenstand haben. Bei Aktengruppen, welche die Bearbeitung von Anträgen einer bestimmten Firma auf die Nutzung von mehreren Patentrechten dokumentieren, die eine andere Firma innehatte, wurde, da ursprünglich für jedes Patent ein einzelner Band angelegt worden war, jeweils nur ein Beispielband aufgehoben. Im 1984 entstandenen Findbuch erschlossen wurden der Name des Antragstellers, des Schutzrechtinhabers, die Laufzeit sowie die alten Vergeltungsaktenzeichen. Auf die Nennung der einzelnen Schutzrechtinhalte wurde verzichtet, da sie hinter dem Aspekt der kriegswirtschaftlichen Maßnahmen des Deutschen Reiches in heutiger Bewertung zurück stehen. Die vorgegebene Gliederung in Akten über erteilte und nicht erteilte Ausübungsrechte wurde beibehalten. Diese beiden Gruppen waren wiederum unterteilt in Patente, Gebrauchsmuster, Warenzeichen, Urheberrechte und Patente in einzelnen eingegliederten Gebieten. In der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2008 wurde der Bestand einer Revision unterzogen, da Unstimmigkeiten im Signaturensystem aufgetaucht waren. 270 Archivalieneinheiten, die bei Bestandsbereinigungen aufgefunden worden waren, wurden neu verzeichnet (R 131/10077-10346). Der gesamte Überlieferungsteil "Vergeltungsakten", der nun insgesamt 345 AE umfasst, wurde eingemappt und vollständig neu signiert. Kassationen wurden nicht vorgenommen. Die Erschließung folgte den Vorgaben des Findbuchs von 1984. Erfasst wurden entsprechend die Namen der Antragsteller, der Schutzrechtinhaber, die Laufzeiten sowie die Aktenzeichen der Vergeltungspatente. Die Verzeichnungsdaten zum ersten Überlieferungsteil wurden per Retrokonversion in die Datenbank des Bundesarchivs (BASYS) übertragen. Bei der Integration der neu hinzugekommenen Unterlagen konnte das bereits vorgegebene Klassifikationsschema beibehalten werden. Das nun vorliegende, von Karl-Heinz Eggert und Sabine Dumschat bearbeitete Findbuch ist auch online recherchierbar. Patentanmeldungsakten Patent- und Gebrauchsmusteranmeldungen wurden im Reichspatentamt bestimmten Klassen zugeordnet. Zu diesem Zweck bestand dort eine nach gewerblichen und industriellen Spezialfachgebieten gegliederte Patentklasseneinteilung. Sie diente als Grundlage für die Bearbeitung der Anmeldungen. Der wichtigste Grundsatz für die Bestimmung der Klassenzugehörigkeit einer Anmeldung war deren Zuweisung in dasjenige Spezialfachgebiet, in dem die Erfindung lag. Zur Feststellung der Erfindung musste der Prüfer alle eingereichten Unterlagen, d.h. Beschreibung, Zeichnung, Ansprüche, heranziehen. Falls mehrere Spezialgebiete vorlagen, fiel die Entscheidung auf die am wichtigsten erscheinende Klasse. Zu den Mikrofilmen jener Akten, die sich bis heute in britischem Gewahrsam, in der "National Lending Library for Science and Technology" in Boston Spa befinden, erstellte 1984 Johannes Ganser ein Findbuch, das im Benutzersaal des Bundesarchivs für Recherchen zur Verfügung steht. Die Grundlage der Gliederung des Teilbestands bildet die beim Reichspatentamt praktizierte Patentklasseneinteilung. Diese war für die Briten bei der Verfilmung der Akten indes nicht der entscheidende Klassifikationsmaßstab. Anmeldungen zu einer bestimmten Klasse können somit auf mehreren Filmen zu finden sein; auf jedem Film sind vice versa Unterlagen zu mehreren Patentklassen zu erwarten. Bei der Benutzung der Filme ist demnach zunächst von dem in Frage kommenden Spezialfachgebiet gemäß der Patentklasseneinteilung auszugehen. Auf welchen Filmrollen zum entsprechenden Fachgebiet Unterlagen vorhanden sind, ist der 1. Konkordanz im Findbuch zu entnehmen. Die 2. Konkordanz stellt die Verknüpfung zwischen den Rollensignaturen und den Filmsignaturen her. Die über das Zentrale Staatsarchiv der DDR überlieferten Einzelfall-Unterlagen wurden im Zeitraum 2011-2012 bearbeitet. Sie befanden sich zunächst in einem ungeordneten, um nicht zu sagen: chaotischen Zustand. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der Kontext einstmals organisch gewachsener Einzelvorgänge empfindlich gestört ist. Begleitende Dokumentation irgendwelcher Art konnte nicht ermittelt werden. Die Unterlagen waren stoßweise in Papier eingeschlagen und mit Paketband verknotet. Diese Bündel wurden geöffnet, die Unterlagen vollständig durchsortiert. Da kein Überlieferungskontext, geschweige denn ein System der Aktenbildung zu erkennen war, wurde versucht, vermittels alfabetischer Sortierung nach Patent-Anmeldern Abhilfe zu schaffen. Anschließend wurden 314 Archivalieneinheiten gebildet, neu eingemappt und signiert (R 131/10347-10670). Doppelstücke wurden vernichtet, darüber hinaus jedoch keine Kassationen vorgenommen. Eine Akte (R 131/10502) wurde an das Bergbauarchiv im Deutschen Bergbau-Museum, Bochum, abgegeben. Ein "Nachtrag zur Nummernliste" für das Jahr 1933 ist nunmehr in der Dienstbibliothek des Bundesarchivs zugänglich (Signatur: ZB 24128). Sowohl die Klassifikation des Bestands als auch die Erschließungsparameter orientieren sich an dem Muster, welches das Findbuch für die Vergeltungsakten aus dem Jahr 1984 vorgegeben hat. Unterschieden wurden die Anmeldung von Patenten und Gebrauchsmustern, ungültige Patente und Hilfsmittel in Form von Unterlagen, welche die Zulassungen ausländischer Patentämter dokumentieren. Unterschieden wurde nach Anmeldern, die im Deutschen Reich ansässig waren, und solchen, die vom Ausland aus ihre Ansprüche geltend zu machen versuchten. Bei letzteren handelt es sich unter anderem um Dependancen deutscher Konzerne im Ausland. Im Einzelnen erfasst wurden bei der Erschließung jeweils: Namen der anmeldenden Firmen oder privaten Antragsteller bzw. der Patentinhaber, schlagwortartig der Patentanspruch, d.h. der Gegenstand des Patents respektive das zu schützende Verfahren, das Aktenzeichen des Reichspatentamts, gegebenenfalls auch die zugeteilte Patentnummer sowie die Laufzeiten der Akten. Das nun vorliegende, von Karl-Heinz Eggert und Sabine Dumschat bearbeitete Findbuch ist auch online recherchierbar. Personalakten Von den vom Deutschen Patentamt 1980 aus seiner Dienststelle in München abgegebenen Personalakten von Beamten des Reichspatentamts, die nach dem Krieg noch weiterbeschäftigt worden waren, wurden nur zwei als archivwürdig angesehen. Der Rest wurde kassiert. Die in den Bestand R 131 integrierten Akten sind vorläufig personenbezogen erschlossen (sog. "Anlage 2"). Bei allen im selben Jahr 1980 abgegebenen "Personalakten verschiedener Behörden und Gerichte über Personen, deren Zugehörigkeit zum ehemaligen Kaiserlichen Patentamt/Reichspatentamt nicht festgestellt werden konnte", handelte es sich bei näherer Prüfung um Vorakten des Reichspatentamts. Die Mehrzahl der Akten wurde für kassabel befunden (untergeordnetes Büropersonal). Lediglich 14 Akten wurden in den Bestand übernommen: R 131/1737, 1754, 1787, 1804, 1942-1943, 1996, 2609, 2000, 2000 a, 2000 b und 2721-2723. Sie sind in einem Vorläufigen Verzeichnis personenbezogen erfasst (sog. "Anlage 3"). Mit den aus seiner Dienststelle in Berlin 1980 in 13 Kartons übergebenen 859 Personalakten von Angehörigen des Kaiserlichen bzw. des Reichspatentamts lieferte das Deutsche Patentamt ebenfalls ein Vorläufiges Verzeichnis mit namentlicher Auflistung (sog. "Anlage 4") ab. Abgesehen von den Akten R 131/2724, 2725 und 2726 waren diese Unterlagen stark zerstört und kassabel. Zu den "bei der Dienststelle Berlin des Deutschen Patentamts befindlichen Personalakten oder Personalaktenteile[n] über Angehörige des ehemaligen Kaiserlichen Patentamts und des Reichspatentamts" existiert allerdings noch eine zweite, leider undatierte, namentliche Aufstellung mit 875 Einzelpositionen, die sich mit der oben genannten nicht deckt. Eine eindeutige Klärung kann erst die Erschließung aller noch nicht in BASYS erfassten archivwürdigen Personalakten ergeben. Aus den nach der Bewertung verbliebenen Akten wurde im Bundesarchiv der Teilbestand "R 131 - Personalakten" gebildet (Signaturen: R 131/1698-2720). 1981 kamen die vom Bundesministerium der Justiz abgelieferten 29 Personalakten des Reichspatentamts hinzu, zu denen gleichfalls ein Vorläufiges Verzeichnis vorhanden ist (R 131/2730-2758). Eine namentliche Auflistung existiert ebenso zu den 1995 vom Deutschen Patentamt abgegebenen 94 Personalakten jüdischer Patentanwälte (R 131/2760-2853). Von den im Jahre 2004 vom Deutschen Patentamt abgegebenen Personalakten, v.a. von Patentanwälten, liegen bisher lediglich zu 519 namentliche Auflistungen vor. Eine Bewertung der 38 große Umzugskartons umfassenden Ablieferungen steht noch aus. Ebenso müssen die aus dem Bestand 30.12 (Reichsjustizprüfungsamt) des Zentralen Staatsarchivs der DDR in Potsdam aussortierten Fragmente von Personalakten sowie die weiteren 0,14 lfm (ein Archivkarton) Personalunterlagen unbekannter Herkunft noch bearbeitet werden. Inhaltliche Charakterisierung: Inhaltliche Charakterisierung Generalakten Der Generalaktenbestand gibt einen Einblick in die Tätigkeit des Reichspatentamts, der von erheblichem Wert für die Geschichte der Technik und die Entwicklung des Rechtswesens, insbesondere des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes in Deutschland, sein dürfte. Hervorhebenswert sind die umfangreiche Sammlung von Gesetzen und Verordnungen zum gewerblichen Rechtsschutz im Ausland sowie die Akten aus der Mitarbeit des Reichspatentamts in der Internationalen Union zum Schutz des gewerblichen Eigentums. Diese Mitarbeit hatte auch das Ziel, die internationalen Abkommen mit den deutschen Gesetzen auf diesem Gebiet zu koordinieren. Nach 1945 hatte das Reichspatentamt noch partiell weiter gearbeitet, was die Fortführung einiger Akten bis 1951 erklärt. Überlieferung: (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1946-1951) (1.171 AE): Patente 1877-1949 (187), Gebrauchs- und Geschmacksmuster 1877-1945 (24), Warenzei‧chen 1894-1945 (65), Patentklasseneinteilung 1882-1944 (9), Abteilungsmitgliedersitzungen und -entscheidungen 1877-1945 (30), Post- und Fernmeldewesen, Auslegestellen 1879-1946 (28), Annahme und Anmeldung 1877-1945 (21), Veröffentlichungen 1878-1949 (47), Zivilgerichtsbarkeit und Rechtsauskünfte 1879-1944 (13), Dienstbetrieb, Aktenführung und Präsidialverfügungen 1877-1948 (76), kriegsbedingte Maßnahmen auf dem Gebiet des ge‧werblichen Rechtsschutzes 1914-1948 (49), Zusammenarbeit mit Ingenieur- und Erfinder‧verbänden 1911-1951 (11), gewerblicher Rechtsschutz im Ausland 1878-1944 (13), ein‧zel‧ne Länder 1877-1944 (425), internationale Zusammenschlüsse, Abkommen und Kongresse 1878-1944 (57), Patentanwaltsgesetz, Patentanwaltskammer 1933-1949 (5), Eintragung und Löschung als Patentanwalt 1900-1948 (34), Ausbildung und Prüfung, Berufsausübung und Ehrengerichtsbarkeit 1900-1950 (41), Patentanwaltswesen im Ausland 1894-1949 (36) Findmittel: Findbuch (1984) und BASYS/INVENIO-Recherche Vergeltungsakten Die 1973 ins Bundesarchiv gelangten Akten dokumentieren die Behandlung von Anträgen einzelner Firmen auf die Erteilung von Ausübungsrechten gemäß der Verordnung über gewerbliche Schutzrechte britischer Staatsangehöriger vom 26. Februar 1940 (RGBl I S. 424), der Verordnung über Urheberrechte britischer Staatsangehöriger vom 1. Juli 1940 (RGBl I S. 947) sowie der Verordnung über gewerbliche Schutzrechte und Urheberrechte von Angehörigen der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika vom 22. Dezember 1942 (RGBl I S. 737). Die für archivwürdig befundenen Vergeltungsakten besitzen somit einen gewissen Aussagewert über das Verhältnis Deutschlands zu den USA und Großbritannien, wenn auch beschränkt auf den gewerblichen Rechtsschutz während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Darüber hinaus ist zu erkennen, auf welchen Gebieten Erfindungen als kriegswichtig und als zur Wahrung allgemeiner Belange notwendig angesehen wurden. Die in den Jahren 2008-2010 nacherschlossenen Unterlagen behandeln vor allem deutsche Reichspatente, die Urheberrechte für künstlerische Werke, deutsche Warenzeichen und österreichische Marken. Überlieferung: 1940-1945 (345 AE): Erteilte Ausübungsrechte: deutsche Reichspatente 1940-1945 (4), Patentanmeldungen 1941 (1), österreichische Patente 1940-1944 (1), Patente Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren 1940-1945 (2), deutsche Gebrauchsmuster 1940-1941 (1), deutsche Warenzeichen 1940-1942 (2), Warenzeichen Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren 1941-1942 (1), Urheberrechte für künstlerische Werke 1941-1945 (7); nicht erteilte Ausübungsrechte: deutsche Reichspatente 1940-1945 (175), Patentanmeldungen 1940-1944 (14), deutsche Gebrauchsmuster 1940-1941 (1), deutsche Warenzeichen 1940-1945 (44), österreichische Marken 1940-1945 (19), Urheberrechte für künstlerische Werke 1940-1945 (73) Findmittel: Online-Findbuch Patentanmeldungen a) Auf den Mikrofilmen jener Unterlagen, deren Originale sich bis heute in der "National Lending Library for Science and Technology" in Boston Spa befinden, sind aneinander gereiht einzelne Patentanmeldungen mit den dazugehörigen Erläuterungen zu finden. Sie erstrecken sich über den Zeitraum 1941-1945. Bearbeitungsvermerke oder Schreiben des Reichspatentamts sind selten vorhanden. Lediglich Hinweise auf Druckschriften, die zur Abgrenzung des Anmeldungsgegenstands in Betracht gezogen wurden, tauchen hin und wieder auf. Diese Unterlagen stammen aus Verfahren, die wegen des Kriegsgeschehens nicht zu Ende geführt werden konnten, zu denen keine Patente mehr erteilt wurden. Dennoch geben sie einen Einblick in die Anstrengungen und Errungenschaften deutscher Erfinder und Unternehmen in der Spätphase des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Man erkennt teilweise, welche gewerblichen und industriellen Zweige infolge der kriegsbedingten Probleme zurückgestellt werden mussten. Der technikgeschichtliche Wert der Unterlagen dürfte nicht unerheblich sein. Überlieferung: Patentanmeldeakten 1941-1945 (999 Mikrofilme) Findmittel: Findbuch (1984) b) Die über das Zentrale Staatsarchiv der DDR überlieferten Unterlagen beziehen sich vornehmlich auf Erfindungen, die mit dem Wirtschaftsbereich des Bergbaus zu tun haben. Es handelt sich um in ihrer Struktur gleichförmige Einzelfall-Vorgänge, denen in der Regel allerdings die Anlagen abhanden gekommen sind, die zur Erteilung von Patenten herangezogen werden mussten. Ein Teil dieser Anlagen sind vermutlich die als "Hilfsmittel" verzeichneten fremdsprachigen Unterlagen. Da die registraturmäßige Ordnung dieses Überlieferungsteils vollkommen zerstört vorgefunden wurde und die verbliebenen Unterlagen zu wenige Geschäftsgangsvermerke tragen, war eine Rekonstruktion der ursprünglichen Vorgänge leider nicht möglich. Überlieferung: (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (314 AE): Patentanmeldungen (249): Deutsches Reich 1878-1945 (211), Großbritannien 1883-1942 (6), Belgien 1905-1944 (2), Frankreich 1881-1937 (4), Niederlande 1915-1939 (2), Österreich 1897-1945 (2), Ungarn 1902-1945 (4), USA 1880-1939 (8), andere Länder 1888-1942 (10); Gebrauchsmuster (12): Deutsches Reich 1913-1939 (11), Ausland 1927-1936 (1); ungültige Patente (7): Deutsches Reich 1877-1941 (4), Ausland: Frankreich 1905-1927 (2), andere Länder 1905-1929 (1); Hilfsmittel (46): Großbritannien 1877-1937 (12), Frankreich 1907-1937 (11), USA 1875-1938 (20), andere Länder 1894-1939 (3) Findmittel: Online-Findbuch Personalakten Der Teilbestand umfasst Personalakten von Mitarbeitern des Reichspatentamts sowie von Patentanwälten. Zu letzteren zählen 84 jüdische Anwälte, denen man ihrer Abstammung wegen die Zulassung entzog und die entsprechend 1933 bzw. 1938 aus der im Patentamt geführten Anwaltsliste gelöscht wurden. Überlieferung: (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1.155 AE), 19,71 lfm unbearbeitet Umfang: Gesamt: ca. 100 lfm und 999 Mikrofilme Generalakten: 44,9 lfm - 1.171 AE (R 131/1-1205) Vergeltungsakten: 3,7 lfm - 345 AE (R 131/10001-10346) Patentanmeldungen: 314 AE (R 131/10347-10670) und 999 Mikrofilmrollen (R 131/EC 3317-EC 4316) Personalakten: 28,11 lfm - 1.155 AE (R 131/1698-2853) 19,71 lfm unbearbeitet "Erteilungsakten": 0,14 lfm unbearbeitet Gesamtlaufzeit des Bestands: (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1946-1951) Teilbestände: Generalakten: (1877-1918) 1919-1945 (1946-1951) Vergeltungsakten: 1940-1945 Patentanmeldungsakten: Filme 1941-1945 Akten (1877-1918) 1919-1945 Personalakten: (1877-1918) 1919-1945 Erschließungszustand (Überblick): Generalakten: Findbuch (1984) und BASYS/INVENIO-Recherche Patentanmeldungsakten: Findbuch (1984) zu den Filmen, Online-Findbuch zu den Akten Vergeltungsakten: Online-Findbuch Personalakten: Vorläufige Verzeichnisse Hinweis: Online-Findmittel liegen bisher nur zu den Vergeltungs- und den nicht verfilmten Patentanmeldungsakten vor. Erschließungszustand: Erschließungszustand (Überblick): Generalakten: Findbuch (1984) und BASYS/INVENIO-Recherche Patentanmeldungsakten: Findbuch (1984) zu den Filmen, Online-Findbuch zu den Akten Vergeltungsakten: Online-Findbuch Personalakten: Vorläufige Verzeichnisse Hinweis: Online-Findmittel liegen bisher nur zu den Vergeltungs- und den nicht verfilmten Patentanmeldungsakten vor. Zitierweise: BArch, R 131/...

Contains among other things: Reports, drawings of various canals in the Schantung area Chinese regulation projects of the waterways in Schantung Expert opinion on the condition of the emperor's canal from Chin kiang to Han tschwang and the future prospects for shipping of 1909

Contains among other things: Ship plans and drawings of the mine clearance mother ship "Moss 86", night hunting lead ship "Togo", mine ship "Linz" and "Lorraine", artillery carrier "Nijenburg", net layer "Deime", net tender "6", torpedo clarification ships "Uerdingen", "Leverkusen", "Ponts", "Riga", "Heluan", torpedo transport ship "Hanseat", Target ship "Mimi Horn", submarine shooting range ship "Marianne", navigation training ship "Enz" and "Orla", schoolboat "Brahe", auxiliary dinghy "Twin", auxiliary mine search boat "Kuckuck", weather ship "Wuppertal" and "Coburg", trawler special class experimental ships "Kurt Ramin" and "Frieda Peters", Hamburg motor dinghy and shark boats

History of the Inventory Designer: Georg von Müller, Admiral Born on 24 March 1854 in Chemnitz, died on 18 April 1940 in Hangelsberg November 1889 Married Elisabeth Luise von Montbart; March 1900 Elevated to hereditary nobility Military career (selection) May 1871: Entry into the Imperial Navy; August 1878: Appointment as lieutenant at sea; May 1879: Commanded torpedo weapon; 1882-1884: Travels abroad to West India and South America on S.M.S. "Olga" and S.M.S. "Blücher"; November 1884: Statistical Office of the Admiralty; May 1885 - March 1886: Military Political Advisor (Marine Attaché) at the German Embassy in Stockholm; March 1886: Promotion to lieutenant captain; until spring 1889: changing uses on board and on land, including participation in the company in Samoa in Aug./Sept. 1887 on board S.M.S. "Bismarck"; spring 1889: entry into the newly created Imperial Naval Cabinet; September 1891: Commander gunboat S.M.S. "Iltis"; November 1892: Head of Personnel in the High Command of the Navy; Autumn 1895 - February 1898: Personal Adjutant of Prince Heinrich of Prussia; November 1898: Commander of the Great Cruiser S.M.S. "Germany"; April 1899: Chief of the Staff Ostasiatisches Kreuzergeschwader; May 1899: Promotion to Captain at Sea; April 1900: Head of Department in the Navy Cabinet; October 1902 - September 1904: Commander Linienschiff S.M.S. "Wettin"; September 1904: Duty wing adjutant of Kaiser Wilhelms II; 1905: Appointment as rear admiral; July 1906: Head of Imperial Naval Cabinet; 1907: Appointment as vice-admiral; 1910: Appointment as admiral, also general adjutant of Kaiser Wilhelms II.November 1918: Farewell to active service Description of the inventory: As head of the naval cabinet, Georg Alexander von Müller had the opportunity to exert far-reaching influence on all naval affairs beyond his duties as head of personnel policy. His key position was based, on the one hand, on a special, personal relationship of trust with the Emperor and, on the other hand, on the fact that all personnel decisions of the Navy were in his hands and that Müller was called in for all lectures. Müller served as a link between the Emperor and the various Immediate Offices of the Navy. During the war, Müller increasingly met with reservations and criticism from the Naval Corps of Officers for the widespread view that the head of the Naval Cabinet delayed or blocked measures for a more aggressive naval war. Müller also entered into a permanent conflict with Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz and was publicly attacked by him and his followers during and especially after the war. Although Müller, in contrast to numerous other members of the Naval Corps, did not publish any memoirs, a whole series of published articles from Müller's pen testifies to this permanent conflict. Müller's influence on naval affairs in general and on warfare in particular declined as a function of the importance of Kaiser Wilhelm II. As Supreme Warlord. In October 1918, Müller was largely on the fringes of the project of a militarily senseless, but myth-founding sacrificial corridor of the deep-sea fleet. As the duty wing adjutant of Wilhelm II and chief of the naval cabinet, Georg Alexander von Müller belonged to the immediate circle of Wilhelm II for more than a decade and a half and throughout the First World War. His records reflect in a special way the court society as well as the personality and work of the monarch in the last years of the German Empire. Content characterisation: The collection comprises only the seven handwritten diaries of Georg Alexander von Müller. They extend over a period of 47 years, beginning with Müller's entry into the Imperial Navy in 1871 up to his retirement as Chief of the Naval Cabinet in 1918. The records are enriched with photos and drawings. Other documents from the estate edited by Walter Görlitz and his son Sven von Müller, on the other hand, are considered lost. Citation style: Barch, N 159/...

Inventory Description: The Naval Airship Department was established by Allerhöchste Kabinettsordre on 3 May 1913 from the "Aviation Personnel of the Imperial Navy" next to the Naval Airship Department as an independent department with the temporary location Johannisthal. (1) The commanders of the departments were given "judicial, disciplinary and leave powers". In all training and technical matters, both departments were under the control of the State Secretary of the Reichsmarineamt, in all others of the inspection of coastal artillery and mines, as well as the head of the "North Sea Naval Station". (1) The State Secretary of the Reich Naval Office, Grand Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz, established 1 June as the day of formation by order of 8 May 1913. (2) As early as April 1912, members of the navy, including Corvette Captain Friedrich Metzing, were commanded for training at Deutsche Luftschifffahrts-AG. The airship command was subordinated on 15 July 1912 under the designation "Luftschiff-Detachement" with the Johannisthal site near Berlin Metzing as commander. (3) After the death of the commander of the naval airship department Friedrich Metzing in the accident of "L 1" on 9 September 1913, Corvette Captain Peter Strasser became his successor. Responsibility for the airship sector in the navy lay with the BX "Luftschiff- und Fliegerwesen" department of the shipyard department of the Reichsmarineamt formed on 12 October 1912. On 1 April 1913 an organisational change followed: Department BX was restructured to become the "Aviation Section" (Section BX with Divisions BXa and BXb). (4) At the beginning of the First World War, the command structure of the Naval Airship Division changed. By the Most High Cabinet Order of 29 August 1914, the office "Commander of the Aviation Departments" was created as the highest central command post of the entire naval aviation. (5) The Naval Airship Department and the Naval Aircraft Department were subordinated to this. The cabinet order assigned the following tasks to the new commander: Provision and training of personnel, management of schooling outside departments, test drives and maintenance of aircraft operational capability. The Most High Cabinet Order of May 1, 1916 assigned the naval airship division Cuxhaven (Nordholz) as a new location and divided the division into airship troops. (6) On November 23, 1916, the Naval Aviation Departments were divided into the Airship and Aircraft divisions by the Most High Cabinet Order. (7) The post of Commander of the Naval Aviation Divisions was transformed into Commander of the Naval Aviation Division and the Commander of the Naval Airship Division was elevated to "Chief of Naval Airships". The newly appointed Naval Airship Leader was in charge of the Naval Airship Division and the Naval Airships. The newly created position was subordinate to the command of the high seas armed forces in "matters of use and training of the North Sea front airships, to the State Secretary of the R e i c h s m a r i n e a m t , in technical and experimental matters and in matters of the school and experimental airships, and in all other matters to the naval station command of the North Sea". (7) For the airships deployed in the Baltic Sea, a new "Airship Ladder East" was formed as division commander. (7) The latter acted independently or according to the orders of the Commander-in-Chief of the Baltic Sea, but remained subordinate to the Commander of the Naval Airships. (8) The post of Airship Manager East was vacated in November 1917 due to staff shortages and the cessation of airship operations in the Baltic Sea. (9) This structure remained in place until the end of the war. After Strasser's death in the "L 70" on 5 August 1918, the post of commander of the naval airships was not reoccupied. (10) Due to the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles to abandon military aviation in Germany, the Naval Airship Department was dissolved in Nordholz on 10 December 1920. (11) During the First World War, naval airships were used for reconnaissance in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, securing and supporting mine search units, sighting and reporting of enemy naval forces and mine barriers, reports on merchant shipping and for offensive voyages, in particular on Great Britain. Commander of the Naval Aviation Departments 29 August 1914 - 23 November 1916 Rear Admiral Otto Philipp Leader of the Naval Airships 23 November 1916 - 5 August 1918 Frigate Captain Peter Strasser from 5 August 1918 August 1918 unmanned (representative: Hans-Paul Werther) Airship Leader East 23 November 1916 - November 1917 Corvette Captain Hans Wendt Naval Airship Troops Status: May 1916 (12) I. Nordholz II. Fuhlsbüttel III. Ahlhorn IV. Hage V. Tondern VI. Seerappen VII. Seddin VIII. Düren IX. Wainoden Status: November 1918 (13) I. Nordholz III. Ahlhorn IV. Wittmundhaven V. Tondern VI. Seerappen VII. Seddin-Jeseritz XI. Wainoden Characterisation of the contents: The collection covers the period 1914 to 1938, with a focus on the deployment of the naval airship department in the First World War from 1914 to 1918. The records also include other provenances based on circulars and forwarded communications from other or superior agencies such as the Navy Admiral Staff, the Commander of the Reconnaissance Ships of the Baltic Sea or the Commanding General of the Air Force, etc. The collection is also available in German. The operations of the naval airships are reflected in the tradition. The focus is on the operational and enterprise files for the reconnaissance voyages in the North Sea and Baltic Sea as well as the attack voyages, especially in Great Britain. War diaries and orders are available on a large scale for this purpose. The war diaries were created for individual airships or naval airship troops. Further few file complexes are found to the organization and to the personnel of the naval airship department. The structure of the documents mainly consists of war diaries, orders (daily and departmental orders) and so-called driving reports of the numerous reconnaissance and attack drives. The trip reports contain information on the trip task, names of crew members, weather conditions, technical data and square maps with the marked route. In addition, there are radio messages (some encrypted), spark telegraphy bearings, weather and barometer maps and telegrams. The collection also includes photographs, press articles, technical drawings, sketches and a large number of maps. The overdelivery is not complete. Only the war records have survived. Documents from the pre-war and post-war periods may have been destroyed in the air archives in 1945. State of development: Online-Findbuch Vorarchivische Ordnung: Bestandsgeschichte After the end of the First World War, the documents of the disbanded naval services, including the Naval Airship Department, were collected in the War History Department of the Admiral Staff of the Navy (established on 15 February 1916) for the purpose of setting up a new naval archive. From 1919 the name of the naval archive was changed to "Head of the Institute for Naval History and Chairman of the Naval Archive". A second renaming took place on 22 January 1936 in "Kriegswissenschaftliche Abteilung der Marine". However, this did not belong to the Reichsarchiv, but was subject until 31 March 1934 to the Inspectorate of Naval Education, then to the Chief of Naval Management, and later as a subordinate authority to the Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine. During the First World War some war diaries (RM 116/185-199) were already forwarded to the admiral's staff of the Navy for information and were thus integrated into his written material, but are handed down in this inventory. During the Second World War, naval records were moved to Tambach Castle near Coburg on 22 November 1943. (14 ) After the end of the war, the archives were confiscated by US troops and taken to London. There the files were filmed on a large scale, combined into bundles, provided with consecutive F-numbers ("Faszikel", "File" or "Fach") and partly with a seven-digit number with the prefixed letters "PG" ("pinched from the Germans"). The archives were then handed over to the British Admiralty. In the 1960s, the marine files were returned to the Federal Republic of Germany as part of the process of returning files and were transferred to the Document Centre of the Military History Research Office in Freiburg i.Br. With the transfer of the Document Centre in 1968, which is based on the 1968 interministerial agreement between the Federal Ministry of Defence and the Federal Ministry of the Interior, the documents were transferred to the Federal Archives and Military Archives moved from Koblenz to Freiburg. In 1977 an access with a photo album to the naval airships (access number 2005/77) took place, which was transferred under RM 116/200 into the inventory. An LL signature (LL 410) refers to a storage in the air archive. A note in English on the file cover indicates a seizure by British and/or US troops. During the file repatriations, the photo album was also handed over to the Document Centre at the Military History Research Office, where it received an I L signature (I L (B) 11). (15 ) The tradition is not complete. A large part of the documents may have been transferred to the Luftarchiv at that time and destroyed in 1945. In 1936, the Luftwaffe set up its own archive under the name "Kriegswissenschaftliche Abteilung der Luftwaffe" (War Science Department of the Air Force) and collected the entire archives of the Air Forces of the Army and the Navy Air Forces. (16) It may have included parts of the naval airship department files, which would justify the small size of the file delivery. Archivische Bearbeitung A rough list of files was available on the holdings, which contained only imprecise file titles and durations as well as old signatures. An evaluation of the documents was not carried out due to the loss of written records and the resulting gaps in the records before 1945. The existing rules of procedure were retained. The documents had already been formed; most of them were in Prussian thread stitching, a small part in archive folders. The file structure is uneven; thus, in part, uniformly formed and coherent files were found for a task or an assignment. On the other hand, there were also documents with heterogeneous contents, such as aerial reconnaissance and attack drives. The inventory of the stock was carried out with the archive management system of the Federal Archives BASYS-S-2. The files were recorded and classified on the basis of the specified overdelivery due to a lack of organisational documents. The old signatures F and PG numbers as well as the file numbers were recorded. The terms "Detachement" and "Trupp", for the units subordinated to the Naval Airship Department, were not used uniformly in the files despite the same meaning. The collection contains numerous photographs and maps, the content of which is linked to the files and have therefore been left in their context. Only the oversized maps which were not sewn in due to damaged files were removed for conservation reasons and are now stored together in a map folder in the inventory under RM 116/201. The files are in a poor state of conservation. The damage ranges from dissolved thread stitching, mechanical damage as a result of use, to paper decay and ink corrosion. The collection needs to be restored soon. The stock is not completely foliated. Scope, explanation: Holdings without increase 7.4 linear metres 198 AU Citation method: BArch, RM 116/...

• McAlister/McGlinn: The first flight [LZ 129];- A German aircraft squadron occupies the positions east of Warsaw with bombs (drawing) in order to complicate the Abmarch of the Russian crew;- Two zeppelins over Lake Constance. View from LZ 129 onto LZ 127 [after 1936] (photo);- A Swiss steerable airship Heinrich Suter;- Riesen-Luft xpress New York-London 1926 ? (picture);- Dr. Eckener 65 years old. 1933 (photo);- Plog, Karl: With the Zepplein on attack [L 49];- Colonel Breithaupt: Resumption of airship traffic with LZ 130 [photo] ;- Trip of a D-PN 28 from Seddin to Berlin [Parseval, photo], 1929?;- The Parsevalsche Luftschiff, Neues Tagblatt 1906-1920;- Four Zeppelins destroyed. A war memory. [Destruction Ahlhorn 1918];- Through desert heat and tropical thunderstorms. Listening scenes of Willi Ehmer's [LZ104] bold war flight of the L 59 to Africa;- Our Zeppelins originated from the Swabian Creator Spirit, works of persistent faith! Wille Ehmer, Our Swabia 1934-1939;- From Zeppelin ... and the first "Battle of Britain" (with photos);- Airship hovers for more cash (photos);- Ships in the sky. Comfort on the Transatlantic Route 2nd part (travel literature), books market (with photos);- The Zeppelin Museum (Zeppelinheim). Info sheet (with photos);- Samuel Johann Pauli(1766-1821) by Hans Rudolf Degen (with photos);- A costume for ladies airship (photo woman with uniform);- Weible, Raimund: Neues Luftschiffmuseum als Denkmal für Graf Zeppelin. Today the converted harbour station is opened to the public;- Aust, Siegfried: Derschwebende Hotelpalast. Zeppelin on great voyage /An airship goes on great voyage: Adventure Zeppelin /Flying and falling wants to be learned: Small flying machine;- He brought the ZR III with Hugo Eckener to the USA in 1923. Airship veteran Hans von Schiller died, Tübingen;- H.S.: Reference. Zeppelin - The name of the count who successfully built the steerable airships became the generic name for the huge aircraft ....;- Gerhard Widmann: Josef Braun -(k)a pensioner like any other: 40 years ago, a millionaire in air miles;- Germany in the air ahead! (article) The "Prince" Zeppelin (poem);- Stephenson and Zeppelin. Two new volumes in the Teubner-Verlag series (book reference);- Fairhall, David: Hopes rise for British airship. Old rivalry with Germans gets a newtwist, In: unknown, unknown publication date (with photos) [Original];s- Yes: In: unknown (with photo) [copy];- Scherl-R.: Ein historischer Tag: Der erste Astieg eines Zeppelin am 2. Juli 1900, In: unbekannt, Datierung unbekannt(mit Fotos) [Original];- Luftwaffenhelfer (ohne Dat/,smit mit Foto) [copy];- Detlev Heinrich: "Ich bin jetzt 19 Jahre", In: "Die Zukunft. Halbmonatsschrift junger Menschen" (without photos)[copy];- Der Bootsführer Sr. Exellenz/In der schwimmenden Halle von Manzell (with graphic)[copy];- Article about collections after the accident of Echterdingen, In: unbekannt (Stuttgart), 1908(?) (without photos) [copy];- newspaper clipping "Originalaufnahme des Kommandoraumes";- Der Sieg des Zeppelin-Luftschiffes, In: Süddeutsche Zeitung, without date (with photos, graphics)[Original];- Die "Hindenburg" - Post vom1. In: unknown, without date (without photo)[Original];- Zeppelin report, In: unknown, without date (without photo) [Original];- Dr. Be: helium instead of hydrogen. LZ 130 - constructed as a helium ship, In: Frankfurter Volksblatt, without date (with photos) [Original];- Ziegler, Klaus Peter: The Flying Cigars, In: unkenannt, ohne Datum (mit Fotos) [Original];- Jungeblodt, Albert: The Flying Hotel. A restaurant specialist about his Zeppelin journey, In: unknown, without date (without photos) [Original];- With the Zeppelin airship "Schwaben" through Germany's most beautiful Gauen. From a Pforzheim participant, In: unknown, without date (without photos) [Original];- memories of the world of yesterday awaken this picture of pre-war Pforzheim painted with the Zeppelin, then an attraction especially for schoolchildren, In: unknown, without date (with photo) [Original];- the man who saved Count Zeppelin. The "Zeppelin-Hoffmann" died - The night camp on the treetop", In: unknown, without date (without photos) [Original];- Stumpp, Emil: Graphik Dr.-Ing. Ludwig Dürr, In: Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt (with graphic) [Original];- Die politische Wirkung des Zeppelinflugs, In: unknown, without date (without photo)[Original];- Stumpp, Emil: graphic Dr.Hugo Eckener, In: Stuttgarter Neues Tagblatt (with graphic)[Original];- Die Rückkehr Eckeners. Arrival of Dr. Eckeners in Bremerhaven, In: unknown, without date (with photo)[Original];- This is what the Zeppelin Hall looks like today! Therefore give to the Zeppelin donation, In: unknown, without date (with photo) [original];- German exploit and German timidity, In: unknown, without date (without photo) [original];- Stöhr, Lina: "Graf Zeppelins" Weltenflug (poem), In: unknown, without date (without photo) [original];- Holzapfel, Carl Maria: The broadcast of the LZ 127, In: unknown, without date (without photo) [Original];- Flying in Germany: from the "Kisten" to the "Jumbos", In: unknown, without date (with photos) [Original];- Langenber, Hans: Flugmusketiere über dem Atlantik. Pioneer lived only 37 years, In: unknown, without date (without photos) [Original];- LZ 129 is coming. Before the maiden voyage. Germany's new giant airship gets its final polish - Meisterwerk deutscher Technik, In: unknown, without date (no photos) [Original];- Das neue Heim: Flughafen Frankfurt, In: Das Illustrierte Blatt (No 9), without date (with photos) [Original];- Article about the interiors of the LZ 129, In: Das Illustrierte Blatt (No photos) [Original];- Article about the interiors of the LZ 129, In: Das Illustrierte Blatt (No photos) [Original]. 16), without date (with photos) [original];- Der majestätische Zeppelin, In: Landau (magazine), without date (with photo) [original];- Photo of a Zeppelin (LZ 127 or LZ 129) in der Halle, In: Berliner Illustrierte, without date (with photo) [original];- LZ 126 and LZ 127 at the anchor mast in Lakehurst, In: unknown, without date (with photo) [original];- 25 years Zeppelin. To the first ascent in July 1900, In: Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, No. 28, without date (with photos)[original, 2 pages];- Zeppelins first ascent, In: unknown, without date (without photo) [original];- Alderson, Andrew: Welshairman beat Wrights to theskies, In: unknown, without date (with photos and graphics)[copy];- Eckener, Hugo: Im Zeppelin über Länder und Meeres. Experiences and memories of Dr. Hugo Eckener, In: Süddeutsche Sonntagspost (No.30, page 23/24), without date (with photos) [Original];- From all over the world. In Zeppelin to the Arctic, In: Unknown, no date (no photos) [Original];- Phil Liddle: When the mayoress was killed in airraid, In: Unknown, no date (no photos) [Copy];- Madeley, Howard: Zeppelin Over head! More light on the mysterious silver cigar over Darlaston, In: Unknown, no date (with photos) copy];- Zeppelin Raid, In: Unknown, no date (with photos) [copy];- Marburg in Alte Bildern. Thousands of Marburgers saw the Zeppelin, In: Unknown, without date (with photo) [copy];- "In the most beautiful Lucerne festival weather ...", In: unknown, without date (with photo) [original];- When Lucerne was still dreaming of flying, In: City of Lucerne, without date (with photo) [original];- What do you know about them?/Flying ships, In: unknown, without date (with photos/graphics) [original];- Petzoldt, Hans-Dieter, Hans-Dieter, In: unknown, without date (with photos/graphics) [original];- Petzoldt, Hans-Dieter, Hans-Dieter, who is the man of the world who saw the Zeppelin, In: unknown, without date (with photos/graphics) [unknown]: Graf Zeppelin about Söhre, In: Chronicle of Söhre, without date (without photo) [copy];- Festive reception in the Kaisersaal of the Frankfurt Römer, In: Unknown, without date (without photo) [Original];- Zeppelin bomb. Heinz Urbau from Meersburg has bought Zeppelin-Bombe at auction in London, In: unknown, without date (with photo) [Original];- Lima, Mike: Kulturdenkmal Zeppelindorf. eine Arbeitersiedlung der besonderen Art, In: Unsere Stadt im Wandel der Zeit, ohne Datum (with photos) [Original];- Graphik Gedränge im Luftraum. Air traffic continues to increase, In: Unknown, without date (with graphic) [Original];- Advertisement Deutsche Segelflugmuseum auf der Wasserkuppe sucht für den Ausbaupende Archiv und für seine Sammlung Bücher etc.. (German glider museum on the Wasserkuppe is looking for books for the archive to be expanded and for its collections), In: Unknown, without date (with graphic) [Original];- With the airship flying in the sky, In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Magazin, without date (with photos) [Original];- How big is the Zeppelin airship, In: Unknown, without date (with photo) [Original];- The new French steerable military airship "La Republique", In: Unknown, without date (with photo) [Original];- Accident of the airship Zeppelin II on the long endurance run on 31. January 2010, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Magazin, without date (with photos) [Original];- The new French steerable military airship "La Republique", In: Unknown, without date (with photo) [Original];- Accident of the airship Zeppelin II on the long endurance run on 31. December 2010, in: "The airship Zeppelin II". May near Göppingen, In: Unknown (with photo) [Original];- Inventions and industrial. The steerable balloon at all and especially by Graf Zeppelin, In: Unknown, without date (with photos)[Original, 2 sheets];- Zeppelin about Königstein, In: unknown, without date (with photo) [Original];- The First Airship Flight around the World, In: The National Geographic Magazine, ohne Datum (mit Fotos)[Original];- Toys help war against vibration, In: Popular Mechanics, ohne Datum (mit Fotos und Zeichnung)[Original];- Een Luchtreus Stortte ter Aarde, In: Unknown, ohne Datum (mit Fotos) [Original];- Mierendorff, Heinz: Wir verproviantierten "Graf Zeppelin" auf See!, In: unknown, without date (without photos) [copy];- Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin. Tausenfache Hilfe in der Not, In: Woman in mirror, without date (with graphics) [Original]

History of the Inventor: Taking into account the goal of the new Reich government from 1933 to develop Germany into a power factor in the world, changes were also made to the structure of the Army Ordnance Office. Growing political tensions in Europe, the danger of an imminent war and the transformation of the previous Wehrmacht office into the High Command of the Wehrmacht as a result of Hitler's takeover of the Reich War Ministry also had an effect on the organisation of the Army Weapons Office. The departments of the office were changed into office groups, in order to do justice to the extended tasks to the war preparation. The attempt to reorganize the Army Weapons Office as the Wehrmacht Weapons Office was no longer successful in February 1945; this measure was taken only on paper, as the transfer of parts of the Army Weapons Office to northern and southern Germany had already begun. In order to implement the order, however, the office was removed from the subordination of the commander-in-chief of the reserve army and directly assigned to the chief of the army armament. The dissolution of the Wehrmacht Weapons Office began on April 27, 1945 on the orders of the Chief of the Wehrmacht Armament and was completed on May 2, 1945. The duties of the Amtsgruppen were as follows: Central Tasks Group (WaZ): The WaZ's activities covered all tasks of an economic and organisational nature that required uniform control or processing for the entire area of the Office. These included in particular issues of internal organisation, including the establishment of the staff budget, budgetary, contractual, price review and legal matters. Official Group for Development and Testing (WaPrüf): It received the requirements for the development and testing of new weapons, equipment and ammunition from the weapons inspections. These requirements were transformed into the corresponding technical requirements for the development of products at industrial companies, which were carried out under the leadership of WaA in close cooperation with them. The examination of proposals was carried out with regard to functional safety, simplification of production, use of materials of low quality, increase in performance of equipment, fundamental innovations (inventions). After the inspection, the manufactured objects were presented to the weapons inspectors for a decision with a corresponding expert opinion. The test took place at the test sites Kummersdorf, Sperenberg-Klausdorf, Grulich, Hillersleben, Rügenwalde, St. Johann in Tyrol, Mittersill and Berka, which are subordinate to the WaA. Chief Engineer (WaChefIng): The Chief Engineer was responsible for technical matters throughout the entire office. He was commissioned to take into account the latest achievements of technology and scientific knowledge in design and mass production. With the departments subordinate to him, he worked already during the development phase on the creation of faultless production documents. This also included monitoring the use of raw materials. Official Groups Industrial Armaments, Weapons and Equipment and Ammunition (WaIRüWuG and WaIRüMun): They prepared mass production in accordance with the requirements of the General Army Office (AHA) and placed orders with industry. The WaIRüWuG had to carry out the orders in peace according to the budget funds allocated for one year and to ensure a monthly performance required by the AHA in wartime. Official group acceptance (WaAbn): The weapons, equipment and ammunition were accepted by the WaAbn offices in the factories. The acceptance conditions were determined in close cooperation with the official groups WaPrüf and WaChefIng on the basis of the technical drawings and delivery conditions. The acceptance ranged from the conformity of the production dimensions with the drawing dimensions, material tests to the practical functional or bulletproof test. State institutions and also the technical universities were consulted to support the official group for the examinations. For the execution of the acceptance, the WaA was responsible for acceptance inspectors and acceptance commands. Research Department (WaF): It had to establish the connection with the other research institutions of the Reich as well as to carry out basic research and also research for specific purposes, as far as this could not be realized within the scope of the activities of other institutes. It had a research laboratory in Gottorp where, for example, the hollow charge was developed and made ready for use. Official group for flak development (GL/Flak-E): The GL/Flak-E was an official group of the Reich Aviation Ministry. She was responsible for the development of the anti-aircraft armament including the anti-aircraft tanks. Its head of the official group was subordinate to the head of the WaA until the creation of the "Chief of Technical Air Armament" office on 20 June 1944. Army Experimental Station Peenemünde As early as 1930, the Army Weapons Office was concerned with the use of the rocket motor for military purposes. The department for development and testing (WaPrüf) was expanded, as was the procurement department, and Group D of the testing department was set up as a department for special equipment with the later subordinate department Heimatartilleriepark 11 (Heeresversuchsstelle Peenemünde). In 1937, the Peenemünde Army Experimental Station was established, which was later called the Peenemünde Army Experimental Station, also known as the Peenemünde Army Experimental Station, and finally, for camouflage reasons, Homeland Artillery Park 11. In 1944, in the course of the mass production of the liquid rocket A4 (V 2), the company was converted into the private company Elektromechanische Werke GmbH, Karlshagen/Pomerania. The development of liquid missiles was the responsibility of a testing department (WaPrüf 11 ) at the Heereswaffenamt, also based in Peenemünde, which was responsible for the Heeresversuchsanstalt. Subordinate Offices These service stations, which are usually directly connected to the Army Weapons Office, had to test and accept weapons and equipment in accordance with the relevant specifications and, if necessary, submit proposals for modifications. As a result of this task, the test sites were mostly located in the immediate vicinity of military training areas and shooting ranges. Editing note: Cassations, including drawings of individual parts, other than redundancies, have been dispensed with. The documents of the Army Weapons Office were originally to be divided into the following individual stocks: - RH 8 I Heereswaffenamt - RH 8 II Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde - RH 8 III Other subordinate agencies (experimental agencies, army inspection agencies, WaA Paris office and special representative OKH/WaA Italy at Army Group B) All files were, however, provisionally signed with "RH 8-I" (and a sequential number) in order to finally re-sign them later to the respective individual holdings. This was waived due to the expediency and in favour of the unity of the stock. The holdings now only bear the signature "RH 8-I", the holdings RH 8-II and RH 8-III are deleted. Citation style: BArch, RH 8/...

Duration: 1874-2010 Scope: approx. 6000 (as of 2012) Find aids: initial letters A-R in HEUSS (object type: photo) Collection of postcards, postcards and greeting cards with reference to Heilbronn and its surroundings. The main focus of the motifs is on the cityscape, next to it there are maps of people, events and companies in Heilbronn, for example for advertising purposes. The maps are arranged according to motifs in folders. The stock is constantly being expanded through acquisitions and foundations. At present, the postcards are gradually being digitised by a volunteer and individually indexed in HEUSS. As of November 2012, a total of 3936 postcards are recorded. Of these, 771 postcards are freely available on the Internet. For copyright reasons, the others can only be researched digitally in the reading room of the Stadtarchiv. The digitisation and indexing follows the original sorting of the postcard folders "alphabetically by motif". The list below gives an overview of the folders of postcards already entered in HEUSS. In the case of HEUSS, the original title of the postcard, if available, is included in the "Title" field (if it consists of several words, in quotation marks, e.g. "Kaiserstraße und Marktplatz"). The word "Heilbronn" is left out of the rule. Essential image content that is not printed in the original caption is added in the title field. In the HEUSS field "Author" the producing publisher is indicated, as far as known, in some cases supplemented by further authors (photographer, draughtsman). A small part of the collected postcards could not be purchased in the original. The field "Remark" contains the information "Repro" (often supplemented by the internal repro number). With the exception of the field "Ad spec", the object-type-specific fields have not yet been filled in, or have only been filled in as a whole. The entries in the "Ad spec" field for this stock are identical to those in the title field. To order an original postcard in the reading room, the entire signature (as shown in the HEUSS field "Signature") must be entered. Overview of the postcard folders in alphabetical order, followed in brackets by the respective folder number (August2012): Adlerbrauerei (M_1008) Adolf-Hitler-Haus (M_0001) Albrecht, Heinrich Weinwirtschaft (M_0002) Alexanderstraße (M_1043) Allee vor 1944 (M_0003) Allee nach 1945(M_0004) Allinger, Pension 1909 (M_0005) Allerheiligenstraße (M_0006) Alte Gasse vor 1944 (M_0007) Alte Stadtmauer vor 1944 (M_0008) Alter Friedhof vor 1944 (M_0009) AltersheimBadstraße (M_0010) Alt Heilbronn (M_0011) Am Wollhaus (M_0012) Postcard set Maring- (M_0006) Old town wall before 1944 (M_0008) Old cemetery before 1944 (M_0009) Old people's homeBadstraße (M_0010) Alt Heilbronn (M_0011) Am Wollhaus (M_0012) Postcard set Maring- (M_0012)Nadler (M_1044) AOK Erholungsheim Frauenalb before 1945 (M_0013) AOK allgemeineOrtskrankenkasse ca. 1929 (M_0014) AOK general local health insurance before 1944 (M_0015) Aukirche, evang.., Austraße 2 vor 1944 (M_0016) AWO-Waldheim (M_1005) Backhaus vor 1944(M_0017) Badstraße (M_0018) Bahnhofstraße vor 1945 (M_0019) Bahnhofstraße ab 1945 (M_0020) Bahnhofvorplatz col vor 1945 (M_0139) Bahnhofvorplatz schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0140) Bahnhofvorplatz nach 1945 (M_0141) Firma Bantel, Hermann (M_1001) Bergstraße (M_1022) Berliner Platz after 1944 (M_0021) Besenwirtschaft (M_0022) Biedermanngasse (M_0023) Bismarck monument color before 1945 (M_0024) Bismarck monument black and white before 1945 (M_0025) Bismarck monument after 1944 (M_0026) Bismarckstraße before 1944 (M_0027) Braille before 1944 (M_0028) Böhringer, Hermann, Restaurant (M_1011) Bollwerksturm vor 1945 (M_0029) Bollwerksturm nach 1945 (M_0030) Botanischer Obstgarten (M_1002) Brenner-Schilling,Postkartenserien (M_0366) Bühnenball, First Heilbronn (M_0149) Central-Hotel (M_0033) CGH Heilbronn after 1945 (M_0034) Christuskirche 1965 (M_0035) Cluss Brewery (M_0036) Dachstein Victim of 1954 (M_0037) Dam School, Dammstraße 14 before 1944 (M_0038) Steamship "Heilbronn" (M_0039) Steam locomotive (M_0040) Demonstrations (M_0041) DeutscherAlpenverein (M_0042) Deutschhof, smaller: Detail oriel black and white before 1945 (M_0043) Deutschhof with Peter and Paul black and white before 1945 (M_0044) Deutschhof photo color before 1945(M_0045) Deutschhof drawings before 1945 (M_0046) Deutschhof, smaller: gable complete photos black and white before 1945 (M_0047) Deutschhof general Photos black-and-white before 1945(M_0048) Deutschhof after 1945 (M_0049) Deutschhofstraße before 1945 (M_0050) Deutscher Weinbaukongress HN after 1945 (M_0051) Third Reich (M_0052) EHO - EhemaligeHeuss-Oberschüler, Vereinigung (M_1014) Eisenhart (M_0053) Eisener Steg color beim Götzenturm (M_0054) Eiserner Steg schwarz-weiß beim Götzenturm (M_0055) Elser, Company, Fabrikation(M_0056) Events, various (M_1015) First World War (M_1016) Protestant social congress before 1945 (M_0057) Falken-Hotel before 1945 (M_0058) Family photos (M_1025) Fegert-Hotel Roßkampffstraße 15-17 (M_0059) Field postcard before 1945 (M_0060) Fire department before 1944 (M_0061) Feyerabendstraße before 1945 (M_0062) Fischergasse before 1945 (M_0063) Flammer, Company (M_1010) Flammer residential house before 1945 (M_0064) Fleiner Strasse before 1945 (M_0065) Fleiner Strasse after 1945 (M_0066) Fleinertor fountain before 1945 (M_0067) Fleinertor fountain since 1945 (M_0068) Airplanes (M_1020) Frankfurterstraße (M_1009) Women's work school Lohtorstraße 36 before 1944 (M_0070) Open-air swimming pool at Gesundbrunnen (M_0071) Open-air theatre (M_1004) Frey, C.F., Yarn, short and long Wollwaren-Großhandel (M_0072) Friedenskirche color vor 1945 (M_0073) Friedenskirche schwarz-weiß hoch vor 1945 (M_0074) Friedenskirche schwarz-weiß quer vor 1945 (M_0075) Friedenskirche nach 1944 (M_0076) Friedensstraße vor 1944 (M_0077) Friedhof-Crematorium Wollhausstraße 134(M_0078) Friedhofstraße (M_0080) Friedrich-Ebert bridge after 1945 (M_0079) Füsilierregiment (M_0081) Gaffenberg (M_0082) Zum Gaffenberg, Café(M_1003) Gartenbau-Ausstellung Harmonie, Harmoniegarten 1926 (M_0083) Gartenstraße (M_0084) Gasfabrik (M_1023) Gastwirtschaft Stadtmauer (M_0085) GemeinnützigeSiedlungsgenossenschaft vor 1945 (M_0086) Gesamtansichten (GA): GA aerial photos before 1945 (M_0087) GA color before 1945 (M_0088) GA black and white with bastion tower before 1945 (M_0089) GA col with bastion tower before 1945 (M_0090) GA black and white with Deutschordenskirche, Kilianskirche vor 1945 (M_0091) GA black and white with Friedenskirche vor 1945 (M_0092) GA colmit Götzenturm vor 1899 (M_0093) GA black and white with Götzenturm vor 1899 (M_0094) GA col with Götzenturm von 1899-1932 (M_0095) GA black and white with Götzenturm von 1899-1932 (M_0096) GAschwarz-weiß Götzenturm, Neckarbrücke 1899-1932 (M_0097) GA col with Götzenturm 1932-1944 (M_0098) GA black and white with Götzenturm 1932-1944 (M_0099) GA black and white Hafenmarktturm, Wartbergvor 1945 (M_0100) GA black and white Neckarbrücke, Kilianskirche vor 1945 (M_0101) GA black-white from east to west before 1945 (M_0102) GA black-white from Wartberg before 1945 (M_0103) GA col after 1945 (M_0104) GA black-white after 1945 (M_0105) GA col Aerial photographs after 1945 (M_0106) GA black-white Aerial photographs with Neckar after 1945 (M_0107) GAschwarz-white aerial photo without Neckar after 1945 (M_0108) Geognostische Triaspyramide im Hof der Dammschule vor 1945 (M_0109) Gesangverein Hoffnung vor 1945 (M_0110) Gewerbekasse vor 1945 (M_0111) Gewerbeschule Paulinenstraße nach 1945 (M_0112) Goethestraße (M_0113) Götzenturm col with construction 1899-1932 (M_0114) Götzenturm schwarz-white with superstructure transverse 1899-1932(M_0115) Götzenturm black-white with superstructure high 1899-1932 (M_0116) Götzenturm col without superstructure before 1945 (M_0117) Götzenturm black-white without superstructure transverse before 1945 (M_0118) Götzenturmschwarz-white without construction high before 1945 (M_0119) Götzenturm color after 1945 (M_0120) Götzenturm black-white after 1945 (M_0121) Götzenturm Götzenturmstraße before 1945 (M_0122) GroßeBahngasse vor 1944 (M_0123) Greeting cards (M_0124) Gustav-Adolf-Fest (M_0125) Gutbrod-Frauenklinik vor 1945 (M_0126) Zum Gutenberg, Gaststätte (M_1012) Haberkasten, Gaststätte(M_0127) Hafen - Kanalhafen vor 1945 (M_0128) Hafen - Kanalhafen color nach 1945 (M_0129) Hafen - Kanalhafen schwarz-weiß nach 1945 (M_0130) Hafen - Wilhelmskanal und Winterhafen vor1945 (M_0131) Hafenmarkt vor 1945 (M_0132) Hafenmarktturm vor 1945 (M_0133) Hafenmarktturm nach 1945 (M_0134) Hagen, Coffee house (M_0135) Harmonie vor 1945 (M_0136) Harmoniecolor nach 1945 (M_0137) Harmonie schwarz-weiß nach 1945 (M_0138) Hauptbahnhof color vor 1945 (M_0142) Hauptbahnhof schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0143) Hauptbahnhof 1945-1957(M_0144) Hauptbahnhof color nach 1957 (M_0145) Hauptbahnhof schwarz-weiß nach 1957 (M_0146) Hauptzollamt, royalty (M_0147) Haus des Handwerks (M_1019) Hauswirtschaftliches Seminar vor1944 (M_0148) Hefenweiler(M_0344) Heilbronner Bühnenball (M_0149) Heilbronner Frühlingsfest vor 1944 (M_0150) Heilbronner Gewerbe-, industrial and art exhibition 1897(M_0151) Heilbronner Glücksorgel Gerhard Heinzel (M_0152) Heilbronner Herbst vor 1945 (M_0153) Heilbronner Madonna (M_0155) Heilbronner Stimme (M_0156) Hostel to the homeland(M_1007) Historisches Museum Kramstraße 10 vor 1945 (M_0157) Historisches Museum Kramstraße 1 nach 1945 (M_0158) Höhere Mädchenschule Gartenstraße (M_0159) Hohe Straße(M_0160) Weinstube Wilhelm Holl (M_1006) Horten-Department store Fleinerstraße (M_0161) Hospice Jugendheim Klarastraße 19 (M_0162) Innere Rosenbergstraße before 1945 (M_0163) Inselhotelcolor (M_0164) Inselhotel black and white after 1945 (M_0165) Jägerhaus color before 1945 (M_0166) Jägerhaus black and whitewhite before 1945 (M_0167) Jägerhaus color after 1945(M_0168) Jägerhaus black-white after 1945 (M_0169) Jägerhausstraße (M_1026) Restaurant Jakobsbrunnen after 1945 (M_0170) Jakobsgasse before 1945 (M_0171) Johannisgasse Photo before 1945 (M_0172) Johannisgasse Drawing before 1945 (M_0173) Youth Hostel Schirrmannstraße (M_0174) Youth Hostel Schützenstraße 16 (M_0175) Jugendkunstschule (M_1041) Jugendwehr(M_1013) Käferflug vor 1945 (M_0176) Käthchen vor 1945 (M_0177) Käthchen nach 1945 (M_0178) Käthchen mit Käthchenhaus color vor 1945 (M_0179) Käthchen mit Käthchenhausschwarz-white before 1945 (M_0180) Käthchen with town hall before 1945 (M_0181) Käthchen with town view before 1945 (M_0182) to Käthchen, Restaurant (M_0183) Käthchendenkmal / Käthchenbrunnennach 1945 (M_0184) Käthchenfestspiele 1929 (M_0185) Käthchenhaus and Kaiserstraße color vor 1945 (M_0186) Käthchenhaus hoch schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0187) Käthchenhaus querschwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0188) Käthchenhaus nach 1945 (M_0189) Käthchenhochzeitszug (M_0190) zum Kaiser Friedrich, Gasthof (M_0191) Kaiser-Otto (M_0192) Kaiserhof(M_0193) Kaisersheimer Hof before 1945 (M_0194) Kaiser-Friedrich monument before 1945 (M_0195) Kaiser-Wilhelm monument (M_0196) Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz (M_0197) Kaiserstraße, lower, color,before 1945 (M_0198) Kaiserstraße, lower, black and white before 1945 (M_0199) Kaiserstraße, middle, before 1944 (M_0200) Kaiserstraße, middle, with Käthchenhaus, before 1944 (M_0201) Kaiserstraße, upper, from east to west, before 1944 (M_0202) Kaiserstrasse after 1945 (M_0203) Karlsgymnasium before 1945 (M_0204) Karlstor-Stop before 1945 (M_0205) Karlstrasse before 1945 (M_0206) Karmeliterstrasse before 1945 (M_0207) Katharinenstift, städt. Alten- und Pflegeheim (M_0208) Katholisches Vereinsheim Schöntalerhof(M_0209) Department store Merkur after 1945 (M_0210) Kegelclub Heilbronn (M_0211) Kilianshallen vor 1944 (M_0212) Kilianskirche, exterior views: Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northeast (M_0213) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest color high with Robert Mayer monument (M_0214) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest color high without Robert Mayer monument (M_0215) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest color transverse (M_0216) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest black and white high with Robert Mayer monument (M_0217) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest black and white high without Robert Mayer monument (M_0218) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from northwest black and white transverse (M_0219) Kilianskirche, exterior view before 1906, from southwest (M_0220) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northeast (M_0221) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest color high with Robert Mayer monument (M_0222) Kilianskirche, Exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest color high without Robert-Mayer monument (M_0223) Kilianskirche,exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest color crosswise (M_0224) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest black and white high with Robert-Mayer monument (M_0225) Kilianskirche,Exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest black and white high without Robert Mayer monument (M_0226) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from northwest black and white transverse (M_0227) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from east (M_0228) Kilianskirche, Exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southeast high (M_0229) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southeast transverse (M_0230) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southwest high (M_0231) Kilianskirche, exterior view 1906 to 1944, from southwest transverse (M_0232) Kilianskirche,Exterior view 1945 to 1953, destruction (M_0233) Kilianskirche, exterior view from 1954, from northwest high color (M_0234) Kilianskirche, exterior view from 1954, from northwest high black and white (M_0235) Kilianskirche, exterior view from 1954, from northwest transverse (M_0236) Kilianskirche, Exterior view from 1954, from southwest (M_0237) Kiliansturm, exterior view before 1945(M_0238) Kiliansturm, exterior view after 1945 (M_0239) Kiliansmännle (M_0240) Kilianskirche, portals (M_0241) Kilianskirche, bells (M_0242) Kilianskirche, interior views: Kilianskirche, window (M_1032) Kilianskirche, interior views before 1945 (M_0243) Kilianskirche, interior views after 1945 (M_0244) Kilianskirche, high altar general view (M_0245) Kilianskirche, high altar Predella (M_0246) Kilianskirche, high altar partial view: side wing (M_0247) Kilianskirche, high altar shrine (M_0248) Kilianskirche, high altar blast (M_0249) Kilianskirche, pulpit (M_0250) Kilianskirche, St. Kilian, figure (M_0251) Kilianskirche, organ gallery with organ (M_0252) Kilianskirche, Taufstein(M_1033) View from the Kilianskirche (M_0253) Kiliansplatz color vor 1945 (M_0254) Kiliansplatz schwarz-weiß vor 1945 (M_0255) Kiliansplatz nach 1945 (M_0256) Kinderfest vor1945 (M_0257) Kirchbrunnen vor 1945 (M_0258) Kirchbrunnen nach 1945 (M_0259) Kirchbrunnenstraße color vor 1945 (M_0260) Kirchbrunnenstraße vor 1945 (M_0260) Kirchbrunnenstraße color vor 1945 (M_0256) Kinderfest vor1945 (M_0257) Kirchbrunnen vor 1945 (M_0258) Kirchbrunnen nach 1945 (M_0259) Kirchbrunnenstraße vor 1945 (M_0260) Kirchbrunnenstraße color vor 1945 (M_258)white before 1945(M_0261) Kirchbrunnenstraße black-white drawing before 1945 (M_0262) Kirchbrunnenstraße after 1945 (M_0263) Kirchhöfle (M_0264) Klarastraße vor 1945 (M_0265) Kleine Bahngasse vor1945 (M_0266) Kleine Metzgergasse (M_0267) Klinik-Clowns (M_0268) Klostergasse vor 1945 (M_0269) Knorr, Company (M_0270) Kochschule Heilbronn (M_0271) Köpferbrunnen (M_0272) Köpfersee (M_0273) Kramstraße (M_1038) Hospital, municipal hospital, city of Heilbronn (M_0271), am Gesundbrunnen (M_0274) Hospital, municipal, Jägerhausstraße (M_0275) Hospital, municipal, municipal, M_0275 Paulinenstraße vor1945 (M_0276) Kreissparkasse Exhibitions (M_0277) War Memorial at Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz (M_0278) Hotel Kronprinz (M_0279) Künstlerbund (M_1018) Kulturwerkhaus Zigarrenfabrik(M_0280) Lachmann, Johann, exhibition (M_0281) Landauer, department store (M_0282) Landauer and Macholl (M_0283) Landesausstellung (M_1034) Landesgartenschau 1985(M_0284) Landesturnfest, Swabian (M_0285) Landstorm Battalion Heilbronn (M_0286) Landwehr-Infanterie-Regiment (M_0287) Lazarett (M_0288) Lehrerseminar, color, vor 1945(M_0289) Lehrerseminar, sw, vor 1945 (M_0290) Zum Lerchenberg, Restaurant (M_0291) Lerchenstraße (M_0292) Lessingstraße (M_0293) Licht-Luft-Bad (M_0294) Liederkranzhaus (M_0295) Lohtorstraße (M_0296) Ludendorff-Kaserne (M_0297) Majoretten (M_0298) Maria von den Nesseln (M_0299) Marine- und Colonialausstellung (M_1037) Marineverein(M_0300) Marktplatz, color, before 1945 (M_0301) Marktplatz mit Kilianskirche, color, before 1945 (M_0302) Marktplatz und Käthchenhaus und Rathaus mit Markt, sw, before 1945 (M_0303) Marktplatz und Käthchenhaus und Rathaus ohne Markt, sw, before 1945 (M_0304) Marktplatz mit Kilianskirche, sw, before 1945 (M_0305) Marktplatz Ostseite mit Rathaus, sw, before 1945 (M_0306) MarktplatzWestside with town hall with market, b/w, before 1945 (M_0307) Marktplatz Westside with town hall without market, b/w, before 1945 (M_0308) Marktplatz Zeichnung, b/w, before 1945 (M_0309) Marktplatz, color, ab1953 (M_0310) Marktplatz, b/w, ab 1953 (M_0311) Martin-Luther-Kirche (evangelisch), Beethovenstraße 17 (M_0312) Mehrbildkarten (alter Betreff...) "(Collective Views): Multi-image maps before 1945: Multiimage cards, color, 2 motives, before 1945 (M_0440) Multiimage cards, color, 3 motives, before 1945 (M_0441) Multiimage cards, color, 4 motives, before 1945 (M_0442) Multiimage cards, color, 5 and more motives, before 1945 (M_0443) Multiimage cards, black and white, 2 motives, before 1945 (M_0444) Multiimage cards, black and white, 3 motifs, before 1945 (M_0445) multi-picture cards, black and white, 4 motifs, before 1945 (M_0446) multi-picture cards, black and white, 5 motifs, before 1945 (M_0447) multi-picture cards, black and white, 6 motifs, before 1945 (M_0448) multi-picture cards, black and white, 7 and more motifs, before 1945 (M_0449) multi-picture cards, after 1945: Multi-image cards, color, 2 motives, after 1945 (M_0450) Multi-image cards, color, 3 motives, after 1945 (M_0451) Multi-image cards, color, 4 motives, after 1945 (M_0452) Multi-image cards, color, 5 motives, after 1945 (M_0453) Multi-image cards, color, 6 motives, after 1945 (M_0454) Multi-image cards, color, 7 and more motives, after 1945 (M_0455) Multi-image cards, black-and-white, 2-3 motifs, after 1945 (M_0456) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 4 motifs, after 1945 (M_0457) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 5 motifs, after 1945 (M_0458) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 6 motifs, after 1945 (M_0459) multi-picture cards, black-and-white, 7 and more motifs, after 1945 (M_0460) multi-picture cards with small box: Multiimage cards with kethchen, color, before 1945 (M_0461) Multiimage cards with kethchen, black and white, before 1945 (M_0462) Multiimage cards with kethchen, color, after 1945 (M_0463) Multiimage cards with kethchen,black and white, after 1945 (M_0464) military association (M_0313) Mönchseestraße (M_0314) Moltkekaserne, color (M_0315) Moltkekaserne, sw (M_0316) Moltkestraße (M_0317) CaféMorlock, Kaiserstraße 31 (M_0318) Mosergasse (M_0319) Music bands and clubs (M_1031) Nachtgewandt, series (M_1017) Nägelingasse (M_0320) Naturfreunde (M_0321) Neckarohne Schiffe, color, before 1945 (M_0322) Neckar without ships (M_0322), sw, before 1945 (M_0323) Neckar, drawings, before 1945 (M_0324) Neckar after 1945 (M_0325) Neckar, flood, before 1945 (M_0326) Neckar with ships, color, before 1945 (M_0327) Neckar with ships, sw, before 1945 (M_0328) Neckar with ships after 1945 (M_0329) Neckar frozen before 1945 (M_0330) Neckar bridge from north, color, before 1945 (M_0331) Neckar bridge from north, sw, before 1945 (M_0332) Neckar bridge from southeast, color, before 1945 (M_0333) Neckarbrücke from southeast, sw, before 1945 (M_0334) Neckarbrücke from southwest, with Bismarck monument, color, before 1945 (M_0335) Neckarbrücke from southwest, without Bismarck monument, color, before 1945 (M_0336) Neckar bridge from southwest with Bismarck monument, black, before 1945 (M_0337) Neckar bridge from southwest, without Bismarck monument, black, before 1905 (M_0338) Neckar bridge from southwest, without bismackdenkmal, black, 1905 to 1945(M_0339) Neckarbrücke from west, color, before 1945 (M_0340) Neckarbrücke from west, black, before 1945 (M_0341) Neckarecho (M_0342) Neckarhalde, urban. Outdoor swimming pool (M_0343) NeckarsulmerStraße (M_0345) Nicolaikirche, ev, Sülmerstraße 72 (M_0346) Nordbergstraße (M_1027) NSU (M_0347) Obere Neckarstraße, color, before 1945 (M_0348) Obere Neckarstraße, sw, before 1945 (M_0349) Obere Neckarstraße, after 1945 (M_0350) Olgastraße (M_1035) Olympic Exhibition (M_0351) Oststraße (M_0352) Paradiesgasse (M_0353) Passagencafé(M_0354) Paulinenstraße (M_0355) Pauluskirche, Methodist congregation (M_0356) Pfühlstraße (M_1024) Philatelist Association (M_1039) Pilsner-Bierstube (M_0370) Gasthof zur Post(M_0357) Postamt Allee (M_0358) Postamt Bahnhofstraße (M_0359) Postamt Kaiserstraße 2 (M_0360) Postkarten bis 1889 (M_1028) Postkarten 1890 bis 1899 (M_1029) Postkarten 1900bis 1945 (M_0361) Postkarten nach 1945 (M_0362) Postkartenserien: Leporellos (M_0363) postcard series: Pen drawings of H (M_0364) postcard series: Gauss-Verlag(M_1045) postcard series: Karl Schüler (M_0365) Postcard series: Published by C. Brenner-Schilling before 1945 (M_0366) Postcard series: P. Härle (M_0367) Postcard series:Gebrüder-Metz-Verlag vor 1945 (M_0368) Postcard series: Fritz-Seel-Verlag (M_0369) Postcards from Foto-Mangold (only outside Heilbronn and surroundings) (M_1021) Priesterwaldkaserne(M_0371) Rathaus, outside views before 1945: Town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, portrait, from southeast (M_0373) Town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, portrait, from southwest (M_0374) Town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape, frontal view, empty market place (M_0375) Town hall, outside views before 1945, Photo b/w, landscape, frontal view, withcars (M_0376) Rathaus, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape, frontal view, with weekly market (M_0377) Rathaus, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape, from southeast, until 1905(M_0378) Rathaus, outside views before 1945, Photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, empty market place, with Robert-Mayer monument (M_0379) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, empty market place, without Robert-Mayer monument (M_0380) town hall, outside views before 1945, Photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, with cars, with Robert Mayer monument (M_0381) Rathaus, exterior views before 1945, photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, with cars, without Robert Mayer monument (M_0382) Rathaus, exterior views before 1945, photo sw, landscape format, from southeast, 1905-1944, with cars, with weekly market (M_0383) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape format, from southwest, empty market place (M_0384) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo b/w, landscape format, from southwest, with cars (M_0385) town hall, outside views before 1945, Photo sw, landscape format, from southwest, with weekly market (M_0386) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo color, portrait format (M_0387) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, frontal view (M_0388) town hall, outside views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, from southeast, empty market place (M_0389) town hall, exterior views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, from southeast, with cars (M_0390) town hall, exterior views before 1945, photo color, landscape format, from southeast, with weekly market (M_0391) town hall, exterior views before 1945, Photo color, landscape format, from southwest (M_0392) town hall, outside views before 1945, graphic sw(M_0393) town hall, outside views before 1945, graphic color, portrait format (M_0394) town hall, outside views before 1945, graphic color, landscape format (M_0395) town hall, outside views after 1945: Rathaus, exterior views, 1945-1952 (M_0396) Rathaus, exterior views from 1953, photo color, portrait format (M_0397) Rathaus, exterior views from 1953, photo color, landscape format, frontal view (M_0398) Rathaus, exterior views from 1953, photo color, landscape format, from southeast (M_0399) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo color, landscape format, from southwest (M_0400) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, portrait format (M_0401) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, landscape format, frontal view (M_0402) town hall, Exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, landscape format, from southeast (M_0403) town hall, exterior views from 1953, photo b/w, landscape format, from southwest (M_0404) town hall, exterior views from 1953, graphics (M_0405) town hall facade, astronomical clock before1945, color (M_0406) Rathausfasade, Astronomische Uhr vor 1945, sw (M_0407) Rathausfasade, Astronomische Uhr, ab 1945 (M_0408) Rathausfasade, Details (M_0409) Rathausinnenhof(M_0410) Rathaus mit Weihnachtsbaum (M_1030) Rathaus, Innenansichten: Rathaus, Innenansichten, Bürgerausschusssaal (M_0411) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Diele und Treppenhaus (M_0412) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Großer Ratssaal(M_0413) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Kleiner Ratssaal (M_0414) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Trauraum (M_0415) Rathaus, Innenansichten, Trauraum antechamber (M_0416) Rathenauplatz(M_0417) Ratscafé (M_0418) Ratskeller before 1945, color (M_0419) Ratskeller before 1945, sw (M_0420) Ratskeller after 1945 (M_0421) Rauchsche Papierfabrik vor 1945 (M_0422) WeinstubeRechkemmer (M_0423) Reichsarbeitsdienst (M_1036) Company Reiner, Johann Ludwig, Cigars (M_0424) Rembold, lithographic institution (M_0425) Robert Mayer monument until 1939, market place (M_0426) Robert Mayer monument, avenue (M_0427) Robert Mayer monument, city garden (M_0428) Robert Mayer monument, Marktplatz ab 1990 (M_0429) Robert-Mayer-Gymnasium vor 1945 (formerly Realgymnasium/Oberrealschule) (M_0430) Robert-Mayer-Museum (M_0431) Rosenau-Brewery (M_0432) Rosenbergbrücke (M_0433) Rosenbergstraße (M_0434) Red Cross Heilbronn (M_0435) Hotel Royal (M_0436) Rudergesellschaft Schwaben (M_0437) Sängerfeste (M_0438) Salzstraße (M_1040) Salzwerk Heilbronn (M_0439)

History of the Inventor: After the unification of the court organization and the procedural law of the federal states on January 1, 1877, the legal department of the Reich Chancellery became independent as Reichsju‧stizamt (since 1919 Reich Ministry of Justice); October 22, 1934, unification with the Prussian Ministry of Justice; 1934/35, takeover of the state justice administrations.01): Old registry (alphabetically sorted by keywords) 1877-1934: Civil servants 1872-1937 (250), civil service law 1872-1933 (229), public authorities 1875-1932 (36), Berg‧recht 1882-1934 (7), relations with foreign countries 1872-1933 (23), land law 1875-1934 (80), civil law 1869-1934 (931), Alsace-Lorraine 1875-1920 (42), financial law 1876-1934 (329), business 1873-1936 (185), industrial law 1867-1934 (178), finance law 1876-1934 (329), business 1873-1936 (185), trade law 1867-1934 (178), Berg‧recht - Criminal cases 1869-1934 (914), special law 1876-1920 (10), citizenship 1876-1934 (68), Heads of State 1875-1934 (103), constitutional law 1885-1929 (45), criminal procedure and code of criminal procedure 1871-1934 (481), criminal law and criminal law commission 1867-1935 (598), copyright 1875-1934 (215), Association Law 1878-1934 (23), Constitution 1868-1934 (279), Traffic Law 1875-1934 (188), Administrative Law 1908-1934 (49), International Law 1868-1934 (793), Commercial Law 1884-1934 (178), Civil Procedure and Code of Civil Procedure 1874-1934 (222) New Registry 1934-1945: Loss of German citizenship 1934-1938 (57), staff and Organisationsan‧gelegenheiten 1934-1945 (120), occupation of the district courts and the district attorneys 1900-1943 (1.050), occupation of regional courts and public prosecutor's offices 1903-1945 (134), lawyers and notaries 1940-1945 (78), criminal legislation and youth law 1935-1944 (63), individual criminal cases 1934-1945 (ca. 800.000), criminal justice 1929-1944 (30), penal system 1930-1945 (291), civil law, peasant law and administration of justice 1934-1944 (130), commercial law 1934-1943 (12), public limited companies and stock corporation law 1933-1945 (191), conversion of corporations 1934-1943 (220), Traffic and Genos‧senschaftsrecht 1933-1943 (39), commercial law 1934-1942 (42), banks and savings banks 1934-1942 (72), stock exchange 1934-1943 (6), insurance law 1934-1943 (17), Gewer‧bewesen 1934-1944 (23), air raid 1935-1940 (5), colonial activity of Germany 1936-1943 (2), Absences care 1939-1944 (51), foreign affairs 1934-1942 (29), budget and administration 1934-1943 (220), justice budget 1917-1938 (8), state and economy, four-year plan 1936-1943 (15), Reichsgrundbesitzverzeichnisse der Reichsjustizverwaltung 1935-1939 (41), Buildings in individual Higher Regional Court districts 1879-1941 (85), accommodation of the court prisons 1934-1937 (93), accommodation of the Local Courts 1935-1938 (122), accommodation of the Regional Courts 1936-1937 (10), verschie‧dene Office building of the Reichsjustizverwaltung 1936-1937 (3) Part 2 (formerly: BArch, R 22) (1877-1933) 1933-1945: Main office.- Circular decrees 1936-1945 (23), Office of the Minister Gürtner: Service diary with personal and material registers 1933-1935 (18), private correspondence 1932-1941 (67), submissions and notes on individual criminal proceedings 1940-1941 (1), Office of the Minister Thierack: Correspondence with the Reichsführer SS and the Reichssicherheitshauptamt 1942-1944 (1), speeches, lectures and essays 1943-1945 (2), office of the State Secretaries Schlegelberger, Freisler, Rothenberger and Klemm: Lectures and essays 1942-1943 (1), legal treatment of Poles and Jews as well as matters of Oberreichsanwalt‧schaft at the People's Court 1941-1942 (1), correspondence with the head of Sicherheits‧polizei and the SD Kaltenbrunner 1944 (1) Constitution and Administration: Circular orders 1936-1945 (1), Constitution in general 1933-1944 (4), Sudetenland 1938-1942 (1), Großhamburggesetz 1937-1944 (1), Staats‧oberhaupt 1936-1944 (2), Austrian affairs 1938-1939 (1), Legislation in general 1934-1945 (8), constitutional treatment of international treaties 1936-1943 (1), Reichstag, Reichsrat, Preußischer Landtag and Staatsrat 1931-1938 (1), Volksab‧stimmung from 10. April 1938, 1938 (1), legal status of the NSDAP, its branches and affiliated associations 1934-1945 (4), NS-Rechtswahrerbund 1942-1945 (2), Deut‧sche Arbeitsfront, Deutsches Frauenwerk und Hitlerjugend 1935-1945 (3), Parteigerichtsbar‧keit of the NSDAP as well as SS and police jurisdiction 1938-1945 (2), Simplification of Ju‧stizverwaltung on the occasion of the Second World War 1939-1945 (2), Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia 1938-1944 (10), economic disputes between parts of the former Tsche‧choslowakei 1939-1941 (1), Generalgouvernement 1942-1945 (1), Reich citizenship and citizenship 1935-1944 (2), resettlement of Reich and ethnic Germans 1939-1944 (2), name changes and management of titles of nobility, orders and decorations, Berufsbe‧zeichnungen 1934-1944 (8), replacement of aristocratic pensions 1838 (1), blood protection legislation, Treatment of Jews and Minorities 1935-1945 (5), Supreme Reich and Landesbehör‧den, History of the Administration of Justice 1801-1944 (4), Distribution of Responsibilities in Reichsjustizmi‧nisterium 1935-1945 (17), Distribution of Responsibilities of Other Supreme Reich Authorities and the Offices of the NSDAP 1934-1944 (3), Press and Publications, v.a. "German Justice" 1935-1945 (3), other Reich and state authorities, corporations and Stiftun‧gen 1934-1943 (2), statistics and surveying 1935-1944 (2), Repräsentationsver‧pflichtungen 1934-1945 (11), national holidays and ceremonies 1939-1944 (1), Öffentlich‧keitsarbeit and disputes in the press 1934-1945 (20), Reichshauptstadt Ber‧lin, municipalities and associations of municipalities 1935-1944 (6), course of business and internal service 1934-1945 (25), rules of procedure and participation of the NSDAP party chancellery 1933-1945 (16), communications in criminal cases, criminal service cases and personnel matters of other authorities, v.a. Security Police and SD 1934-1944 (7), Statistics of Geschäfts‧entwicklung in the Reich Ministry of Justice 1934-1945 (5), Administration of written records and Aktenein‧sicht by third parties, Rules of Procedure for the Supreme Reich Authorities 1934-1945 (14) Legal and service relationships: Officials in general 1937-1944 (7), German Beamtenge‧setz 1937-1945 (2), training and career for the judicial and administrative service 1936-1945 (19), seniority 1934-1944 (5), application of legislation in Alsace, in Loth‧ringen and Luxembourg 1939-1945 (6), secondment of officials, in particular to the NSDAP and the Wehrmacht as well as to the Generalgouvernement and the occupied territories 1938-1945 (72), civil servant organizations 1934-1944 (5), overviews of the staff in Reichs‧justizministerium 1935-1945 (3), appointment, transfer and promotion of civil servants 1940-1945 (17), waiting and retirement officials 1935-1944 (3), Criminal law 1937-1944 (4), civil servant duties 1934-1945 (10), uniforms 1934-1945 (5), civil servant rights, Per‧sonalakten, job titles and leave of absence 1934-1945 (14), training and Schu‧lung of civil servants 1934-1945 (17), property rights of civil servants 1934-1945 (37), Employment contracts of judges, prosecutors and trainees 1935-1945 (19), law studies, legal examinations and preparatory service 1934-1945 (79), employment contracts of civil servants in the upper and lower middle grades 1934-1945 (33), Employment contracts of lawyers and interpreters 1935-1945 (3), employment contracts of bailiffs and other enforcement officers 1934-1945 (39), legal contracts of employees and workers 1934-1945 (36), honours gefalle‧ner Followers 1941-1944 (1) Civil law and civil law: General administration of justice 1932-1944 (48), judicial reform 1933-1945 (45), court constitution 1933-1944 (32), judicial office and letters 1933-1944 (14), administration of justice and control of the administration of justice 1932-1945 (74), legal profession 1934-1945 (31), court organisation 1931-1945 (24), Reichsgerichtsentscheidungen in Zi‧vil- und Strafsachen 1938-1945 (16), Staatsanwaltschaften und Volksgerichtshof 1934-1945 (9), substantive civil law 1933-1945 (17), Schuldrecht und einzelnen Schuldverhält‧nisse 1933-1945 (104), Sachenrecht 1926-1944 (29), Familienrecht 1934-1944 (5), Marriage Law, v.a. Individual cases 1932-1945 (122), family and guardianship law 1934-1945 (20), inheritance law 1935-1944 (12), commercial law 1875-1945 (98), list of companies exempt from compliance with commercial law regulations 1940-1944 (25), copyright and industrial property law 1934-1944 (25), patent law 1934-1945 (15), Verfahrens‧recht der Streitigen Zivilgerichtsbarkeit 1934-1945 (89), procedural law of the voluntary Ge‧richtsbarkeit, v. v. guardianship law 1934-1945 (20), inheritance law 1935-1944 (12), commercial law 1875-1945 (98), list of companies exempt from compliance with commercial law regulations 1934-1944 (25), procedural law of the voluntary Ge‧richtsbarkeit, v. v.a. Civil status matters, registry matters, notaries and notaries' offices, land register matters and depositing 1934-1945 (111) Criminal law, criminal law and police: substantive criminal law 1933-1945 (11), judgments and decisions of special and local courts in individual criminal cases 1937-1945 (402), criminal law reform 1933-1944 (134), punishment of crimes and misdemeanours in Allgemei‧nen 1934-1945 (18), high treason and treason 1934-1945 (15), "Protection of the People's Power".- An‧griffe on military strength, labour and public health, "racial disgrace", abortion, maintenance and morality offences, "common nuisance", foreign exchange and Kriegswirtschafts‧vergehen 1934-1945 (19), political criminal law, in particular Insidiousness Act, interference with powers of the churches and the NSDAP, oath violations 1934-1944 (10), killing (also "worthless life"), bodily injury and coercion 1933-1945 (5), insult to honour and Be‧leidigung 1934-1945 (4), war adultery, fraud, extortion, embezzlement, falsification of documents 1934-1945 (3), Attacks on property 1930-1945 (18), thwarting the law, Geheimnis‧schutz 1934-1939 (2), police criminal law and secondary criminal areas 1934-1942 (7), criminal procedural law including reform efforts 1934-1944 (65), special areas of criminal justice 1933-1945 (14), Criminal policy and statistics 1934-1945 (17), Jugendstraf‧recht 1932-1945 (29), compensation of innocent convicts and prisoners 1935-1944 (1), costs of criminal justice, criminal records 1933-1945 (15), the law of grace 1933-1945 (20), execution and enforcement of sentences 1934-1945 (290), Work deployment of prisoners 1942-1945 (30), "murder register" 1939-1945 (4/11 microfilm rolls), organization of police 1935-1944 (9), secret state police and SD 1934-1944 (3), protection and preventive detention 1934-1944 (7), building police 1936-1942 (3), health and food police 1934-1944 (15), security police, v.a. Unrest and state of emergency 1934-1945 (12), passport and registration 1933-1943 (4), press and literature 1934-1944 (6), order and Sittenpo‧lizei 1933-1945 (4) finance: Representation of the German Reich in court 1940-1944 (1), budget 1933-1945 (32), cash and accounting 1936-1945 (22), property and construction matters 1934-1945 (79), government procurement 1934-1945 (30), levies, taxes and fees 1934-1944 (12), court costs 1934-1945 (77) culture and welfare: Church and religious communities, Jewish Kultusvereini‧gungen 1934-1944 (11), science, art and popular education, language care and Recht‧schreibung, German shorthand, calendar and time determination 1935-1944 (6), Fürsorge‧wesen, Winterhilfswerk, Jugendwohlfahrt, Physical training, housing and Gesundheitswe‧sen, hereditary health care, registration and treatment of antisocial, hereditary health courts, medical persons and pharmacists 1933-1944 (29), social insurance 1934-1944 (11), Rundver‧fügungen 1936-1944 (1) Economic affairs: Supply of the population during the war 1934-1944 (7), mining 1935-1944 (5), state and economy, four-year plan 1936-1945 (12), economic Schutz‧maßnahmen 1934-1944 (3), organization of the German economy 1936-1943 (2), money and credit system, foreign exchange control 1934-1945 (15), insurance law and Versi‧cherungsunternehmungen 1934-1945 (32), Traffic criminal cases 1936-1944 (3), Reichswas‧serstraßen and railway 1934-1944 (6), post, telephone, telegraph and radio 1934-1945 (7), motor transport 1934-1944 (4), air transport 1933-1944 (5), shipping 1934-1944 (4), trade matters 1935-1942 (10), labour law and Ar‧beitsgerichts-wesen 1934-1944 (26) agriculture and forestry: Economic Situation and Credit Relations 1933-1944 (34), Natur‧schutz and Pest Control 1934-1943 (4), Animal and Plant Breeding 1936-1942 (1), State Forests and Forest Protection 1934-1943 (2), State Culture, Rural and Urban Sied‧lungen, Lease Protection 1934-1944 (36), Land and Habitat Law 1934-1944 (5), Fidei‧kommisse, v.a. Individual cases 1934-1945 (175), Inheritance Court Law, including deviations from legal succession in individual cases 1934-1945 (67), Water Law 1934-1945 (6), Hunting and Fishing 1934-1944 (8) Wehrmacht and Foreign Affairs: Wehrmacht and Wehrverfassung 1936-1944 (1), Kriegsmarine 1939-1944 (1), Luftwaffe 1935-1944 (1), Wehrmacht Administration and Be‧schaffungswesen 1935-1944 (1), Volkssturm 1944-1945 (1), Duties and rights of the Ange‧hörigen of the Wehrmacht 1934-1944 (6), military administration of justice and disciplinary punishment 1934-1945 (12), benefits for the Wehrmacht 1934-1944 (5), air-raid protection 1935-1945 (35), aus‧wärtige Affairs, u.a. Monthly reports of national groups of the Auslandsorgani‧sation of the NSDAP 1934-1945 (9), legalization of documents 1929-1945 (10), violation of German sovereign rights 1930-1938 (1), foreign foreign legions 1935-1942 (1), Si‧cherung of the Reich border 1938-1941 (1), colonialism and German interests in Aus‧land 1934-1944 (14), exchange of experience and material with foreign countries, v.a. for legislation and administration 1925-1945 (309), Reich defence and war deployment, welfare for soldiers, soldier letters, air raids on German cities, treatment "feindli‧chen" and Jewish property, civil service law, private law, criminal law and civil law, court constitution and administration of justice, industrial property protection and copyright, labour law and social law, Simplification of legal examinations, economic Maßnah‧men 1939-1945 (132), Treaty of Versailles and territorial losses and reintegration of the Saar area 1934-1945 (36), Integration of the Sudeten German territories 1938-1944 (18), Introduction of German law in affiliated and occupied territories, Waffenstill‧standsvertrag with France 1938-1945 (28), International law, v.a. intergovernmental agreements with individual countries 1938-1945 (248), legations and consuls 1934-1944 (10), constitutional organisations under international law, above all League of Nations and Inter‧nationaler Court of Justice 1934-1942 (7), War Prevention Law 1934-1944 (5), Martial Law, Prisenrecht and Air War Law 1914-1945 (38), International Communities of Interests in the Field of Public Law, Commercial and Private Law, Economy, Transport, Culture and Welfare 1934-1944 (122) Personnel Management: Lawyers in the service of the administration of justice including lawyers and notaries 1934-1936 (54), general index of seniority of the Reichsjustizverwaltung: höhe‧rer Dienst 1934-1945 (25), personnel files of the Reichsjustizministerium for the entire business area, including the previous files 1933-1945 (31.500), members of Reichsjustiz‧verwaltung in Austria, with previous files 1938-1945 (200), members of the Academy for Deut‧sches Law 1934-1945 (43), occupation files for the individual Higher Regional Court districts of the German Reich: formerly Prussian Higher Regional Court districts, with previous files 1933-1945 (700), formerly non-Prussian Higher Regional Court districts 1935-1945 (300), Personal‧übersichten on members of the Reichsjustizverwaltung including the Reichsgericht and the Volksgerichtshof 1934-1945 (304), "Golden Book".- Promotions 1940-1942 (8), "Braunes Buch", list of members of the higher judicial service who joined the NSDAP before 30 Jan. 1933 (2), birthday congratulations of judges for Wilhelm II. 1938-1942 (1), congratulatory letter on service anniversaries, awards of orders and Kriegsaus‧zeichnungen in the area of the Reichsjustizverwaltung 1939-1945 (63), Personalangelegen‧heiten of the chambers for commercial matters at the regional courts 1934-1945 (28): in Kammer‧gerichtsbezirk (3), Braunschweig Higher Regional Court districts, Bres‧lau, Celle, Darmstadt, Dresden, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Hamm, Innsbruck, Jena, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Kiel, Königsberg, Linz, Marienwerder, Naumburg, Oldenburg, Rostock, Stettin, Stutt‧gart, Vienna and Zweibrücken (23), personnel matters of lawyers and notaries 1939-1945 (131), Reichsrechtsanwalts- und Reichsnotarkammer (3), Patentanwälte (2), Kammer‧gerichtsbezirk (2), Oberlandesgerichtsbezirk Bamberg (3), Oberlandesgerichtsbezirk Braunschweig (4), Oberlandesgerichtsbezirk Breslau (4), Celle Higher Regional Court District (4), Gdansk Higher Regional Court District (5), Darmstadt Higher Regional Court District (5), Dresden Higher Regional Court District (4), Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court District (9), Frankfurt am Main Higher Regional Court District (4), Hamburg Higher Regional Court District (4), Hamm Higher Regional Court District (4), Jena Higher Regional Court District (4), Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court District (3), Katowice Higher Regional Court District (4), Kassel Higher Regional Court District (4), Kiel Higher Regional Court District (4), Leitmeritz Higher Regional Court District (4), Cologne Higher Regional Court District (10), Königsberg Higher Regional Court District (4), Munich Higher Regional Court District (4), Naumburg Higher Regional Court District (4), Nuremberg Higher Regional Court District (3), Oldenburg Higher Regional Court District (4), Poznan Higher Regional Court District (4), Prague Higher Regional Court District (4), Szczecin Higher Regional Court District (4), Stuttgart Higher Regional Court District (4) Zweibrücken Higher Regional Court District (5), Directories of Names (1); Replacement files in personnel and other administrative matters, for exampleT. with processes about the restoration of the civil service 1939-1945 (623): District of the Higher Regional Court (66), District of the Higher Regional Court Braunschweig (15), District of the Higher Regional Court Breslau (26), District of the Higher Regional Court Celle (30), District of the Higher Regional Court Gdansk (17), District of the Higher Regional Court Darmstadt (17), District of the Higher Regional Court Dresden (33), Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court District (43), Frankfurt Higher Regional Court District (23), Ham‧burg Higher Regional Court District (8), Hamm Higher Regional Court District (14), Jena Higher Regional Court District (19), Karlsruhe Higher Regional Court District (19), Kassel Higher Regional Court District (19), Katowice Higher Regional Court District (20), Kiel Higher Regional Court District (19), Cologne Higher Regional Court District (40), Königsberg Higher Regional Court District (24), Leitmeritz Higher Regional Court District (25), Marienwerder Higher Regional Court District (13), Naumburg Higher Regional Court District (28), Oldenburg Higher Regional Court District (13), Poznan Higher Regional Court District (11), Prague Higher Regional Court District (14), Rostock Higher Regional Court District, Schwerin (11), Stettin Higher Regional Court District (18), Stuttgart Higher Regional Court District (21) Zweibrücken Higher Regional Court District (21); Press and Political Criminal Cases 1939-1945 (2), Criminal and Service Criminal Proceedings against Judicial Servants 1939-1945 (13), Allegations against the Administration of Justice, v.a. Be‧schwerden and applications of the NSDAP 1939-1945 (6), lists of names (60), reference files in personnel matters 1934-1945 (18) Part 3: (formerly: ZPA, St 1) 1918-1939: documents on political criminal proceedings, in particular against members of the Kommunisti‧schen Partei Deutschlands 1918-1939 (123), Lageberichte des Reichskommissars für die Überwachung der öffentlichen Ordnung 1920-1923 (15) Part 4: (formerly: Collection "NS-Archiv des Miniums für Staatssicherheit der DDR"): Individual Case Files on Political Criminal Proceedings from the "RJM" Part 1933-1945 (11. Edition)402), various criminal proceedings files 1933-1945 (11.425) State of development: Part 1 (former: ZStA, 30.01): Findbuch, vol. 2-4 Part 2 (former: BArch, R 22) (1877-1933) 1933-1945: Findbuch, vol. 2-9, index of finds, list of deliveries Part 3: (formerly: ZPA, St 1): index of finds Part 4: (formerly: collection "NS-Archiv des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR"): database citation method: BArch, R 3001/...

History of the Inventor: The Reichsmarineamt (Reichsmarineamt) was created as the successor authority to the Imperial Admiralty with effect from April 1, 1889, in the form of a cabinet order (in addition to the Navy Cabinet and the Navy High Command). As the supreme Reich authority, the Reichsmarineamt was responsible for the organisation, administration, technology, armament and fortification of the navy. At the same time, it exercised Reich competence vis-à-vis the merchant navy and in the fields of maritime transport, nautical science and fisheries protection. The RMA was in charge of the Imperial Shipyards, the Shipbuilding Inspection Commission, the Naval Depot Inspectorate, Coastal District Offices, Station Headquarters, Naval Military Sacrets, the Naval Observatory, the Naval Commissioner of the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal and the Kiautschou Government. The RMA was divided into the following organizational units: Central Department, General Navy Department, Shipyard Department/Submarine Office, Construction Department, Administrative Department, Weapons Department, Nautical Department, Kiautschou Protectorate Central Department, Medical Department, Justice Department, News Office. On 15 July 1919 the powers of the Reichsmarineamt were transferred to the Admiralty by decree of the Reich President. Characterisation of content: With the exception of the Arms Department, the Medical Department, the Legal Department and the Central Bureau of the Navy, all other organisational units in this inventory have files. Of particular importance from the Central Department are the State Secretary's files on the development of the Navy and the preparatory work for the Fleet Acts. An important part of the former hand files is also in the estate of State Secretary Tirpitz. The files handed down from the central department contain documents on protocol questions, launching, awarding of orders and central organisational matters as well as Reichstag material and a complete series of the "Allerhöchsten Kabinettsordres" for the navy from 1889 to 1918. The activities of the General Maritime Department on matters of organisation and service operation of ships and naval parts, personnel and replacement matters, questions of training in weapons service, uniforms, organisation of education, administration of justice, supply matters, military questions of ship construction and maritime law are well documented. The files of the Construction Department provide a source of considerable importance for the history of the navy and technology. This includes construction files for all heavy and medium-sized combat ships completed by 1914, as well as approx. 10,000 construction plans and other technical drawings for ships and boats. In addition, scientific research results on strength issues, material development, drag tests and general building regulations have also been handed down. The files of the budget department fully document the development of the naval budget, in particular the financing of the fleet building programmes. Here you will also find budget and administrative files on the establishment of the German protectorate Kiautschou as well as on pension and retirement matters of officers, teams and civil servants. Also well preserved are the files of the administrative department, which mainly document catering, clothing and accommodation matters of the navy. Of particular note are the files on numerous foundations for which the Reichsmarineamt was in charge. In connection with the responsibility for food and clothing, extensive series of files on the care of the German population during the war were produced. The traditional files of the news agency contain documents on the economic situation in Germany, the development of shipping, maritime traffic and fleet interests, censorship measures, the collection and distribution of war news and foreign propaganda. An extensive collection of newspaper clippings is also included. Also worth mentioning are the correspondence series on association matters, especially the German Fleet Association. The Nautical Department has files on sea mark and coastal signal matters, cutlery excerpts, travel reports and expeditions. From the shipyard department responsible for the equipment and maintenance of ships, shipyards and vehicles, only a small remainder of files on submarine matters, occasionally also torpedo matters, has been preserved. The departments and departments of the shipyard department responsible for the processing of the submarine system were made independent in 1917 to the submarine office. The documents produced during the short period of its existence reflect the measures taken to promote submarine construction, in particular the material provision during the final phase of the First World War. Worth mentioning here is still material about the planned technical evaluation of war diaries of the submarines. Scope, explanation: Holdings without growth593 lfm24181 AE, approx. 10000 ship drawings/plans (RM 3/12,000-22,600) Citation method: BArch, RM 3/...

Naval officer, Freikorpsführer and writer Bogislaw Selchow Life data July 4, 1877 born in Köslin died February 6, 1943 died in Berlin Military career April 7, 1897 Recruitment as cadet of the Kaiserl. Navy May 1897 Cadet on board of SMS stone 6.12.1897 Participation in the siege of the port of Port au Prince on Haiti with SMS stone 27.4.1898 Promotion to sea cadet Apr. 1898- Sep. 1900 In various functions on board of SMS Moltke, Hela, Mars and Blücher Jan.March 1900 Meningitis, Marinelazarett Kiel 3.9.1900 Ensign at sea 23.9.1900 Transportation to lieutenant at sea Nov. 1900- Nov. 1901 On board of SMS Sachsen, from Oct. 1901 as adjutant; on 4.9.1901 Collision with SMS Wacht near Rügen, which then sinks Nov. 1901- Sep. 1902 Adjutant aboard SMS Kaiser Wilhelm der Große 15.3.1902 Promotion to lieutenant at sea Oct.-Dec. 1902 Wachoffizier aboard SM Torpedoboot G 109 Jan.-Apr. 1903 Company officer of the second company of the I. Torpedo Department, in April radio course on SMS Neptun Apr.-Sep. 1903 Watch officer aboard SM Torpedoboot G 109 Oct./Nov. 1903 Departure as passenger to East Asia aboard SS King Albert Nov. 1903- May 1905 Watch officer aboard SMS Hertha in the Asian region with return journey to Kiel via Africa and the Mediterranean Sea 11.9.1904 Award of the Kung-Pai Order of Merit (Chinese Silver Medal of Remembrance) on the occasion of an audience with the Empress's widow and the Emperor of China 11.2.1905 Award of the Royal Siamese Crown Order of the Fourth Class on the occasion of an audience with the King of Siam June-Sep. 1906 Commander of SM Torpedoboote S 29, S 25 and S 30 as well as services in the Mine Company and as First Officer of the Mine Search Reserve Division Oct. 1906 - June 1907 Naval Academy 6.3.1907 Promotion to Captain Lieutenant July 1907 Service on board of SMS Elector Friedrich Wilhelm Aug.Sep. 1907 Service on board SMS Yorck Oct. 1907- June 1908 Naval Academy July-Sep. 1908 Language leave in England 22.8.1908 Appointment as Honorary Knight of the Johanniter Order Oct. 1908 Departure as a passenger to West Africa on SS Lucie Woermann Nov. 1908- Nov. 1909 First officer on board SMS Sperber Nov./Dec. 1909 Return as a passenger to Germany on SS Lucie Woermann Dec. 1909- Jan. 1909- Jan. 1909 1911 Admiral Staff of the Navy Jan. 1911- March 1913 Adjutant of the North Sea Station 19.9.1912 Award of the Red Eagle Order 4th Class Apr. 1913- Nov. 1914 First Officer aboard SMS Victoria Louise 22.3.1914 Promotion to Corvette Captain 17.7.1914 Award of the Royal Crown to the Red Eagle Order 4th Class 10.11.1914- 30.6.1915 Commander of the 1st Btl. of the Sailor Artillery Regiment III (10.-25.11.1914); II. Part of Sailor's Artillery Regiment I (26.11.-31.12.1914); Part of Sailor's Artillery Regiment II (1.1.-4.2.1915); Part of Sailor's Regiment 4 (5.2.-10.5.1915); Part of Sailor's Regiment 5 (III.2.-10.5.1915); Part of Sailor's Regiment 5 (11.11.-31.12.1914).5.-30.6.1915); Field of application: Flanders 1.5.1915 Wound at Het Sas/Belgium by splinters of shell in head, right shoulder, right arm and right leg 7.2.1915 Iron cross II. class Aug.-Dec. 1915 First officer aboard SMS Freya Jan.-March 1916 Reservelazarett Liebenstein Apr. 1916- July 1917 First officer aboard SMS Hannover, in this function participation in the Battle of Skagerrak on 31.5./1.6.1916 30.6.1916 Award of the Iron Cross I. Class 22.8.1916 Award of the Oldenburg Friedrich-August-Kreuz I. and II. Class 14.9.1916 Neurasthenia recognised as war service damage by the Kdo. von SMS Hannover July 1917 - end of war Admiralstab der Marine 1918 Publication of the propaganda "World War and Fleet" 10.4.1918 Austrian Military Merit Cross 3rd class with war decoration 20.5.1918 Award of the Grand Ducal Hessian Medal of Valour 16.11.1918- 20.8.1919 Department head in the Reichsmarineamt 20.8.1919 Promotion to frigate captain Civil life After his departure from the navy, Bogislav von Selchow began studying history in Marburg and was at the same time commissioned by the Reichswehr Brigade Kassel to form a voluntary formation of Marburg students to protect the young republic. Von Selchow founded the Freikorps "Studentenkorps Marburg" (StuKoMa) and subsequently commanded it in the suppression of Spartacist and Council Democratic riots in Thuringia. On 20 March 1920, the so-called massacre of Mechterstädt took place, in which 15 workers suspected of being rebels, who had been arrested by a StuKoMa strike force, were shot - allegedly "on the run". The accused for these killings were acquitted in two sensational trials, the sentences received by the public as an act of class justice with disgust and protest. Von Selchow had stood before his men during the trial, and Marburg University also showed solidarity with its students and rehabilitated them completely. In addition, von Selchow organized himself in the right-wing extremist, later illegal so-called organization Escherich (Orgesch), which he temporarily led in West Germany. The paramilitary organization set up secret arsenals for an expected fight against Bolshevism and was responsible for murders of personalities of the opposing political camp. Disappointed by Escherich's hesitation to take an offensive course against the Republic, he turned away from Orgesch again in December 1922, resigned his command of the StuKoMa and withdrew from the political public until 1933. Bogislav von Selchow received his doctorate from the University of Marburg on 24.1.1923. Already in 1920 he had published his first volume of poems "Deutsche Gedanken", and soon he succeeded with his poems in the right spectrum. He was now active as a writer and philosopher of history and developed, as a child of his epoch, a so-called "Zeitwendemodell", which depicted the spiritual-historical and political development of mankind. Von Selchow defined the ages of the "all-time", the "we-time" and the "ego-time", which were shaped by various social forces. This system of thought became the basis for his works and, together with the topos of the heroic that he repeatedly took up, made him an ideological pioneer of National Socialism. His anti-Semitism and his view of current events after the fall of the old world had brought him close to the NSDAP by 1933 at the latest: although he was never a party member, he developed into a passionate National Socialist and was one of the 48 personalities who publicly called for Adolf Hitler to be elected in 1933. In 1936 the NS-Studentenkameradschaft, which had emerged from the former Marburger Burschenschaft Germania, named itself after von Selchow. On 9.6.1939 he was appointed honorary senator of the Philipps-Universität Marburg. Description of the holdings: The estate consists of two main areas: the so-called logbooks and a literary-philosophical collection of material, which is supplemented by manuscripts. The so-called logbooks are available until 1931 without gaps and reflect individual experiences and facts in partly epic breadth. 39 of the 51 "logbooks contain records of Selchow from his time as an active naval officer and as leader of the "student corps Marburg" in Freikorpseinsatz. In addition there are copies of the logbooks 61 to 68, which only contain illustrations and cover the period from 1935 to 1940. The "logbooks", however, are not diaries in the narrower sense, but rather through-composed memory books. Von Selchow transferred his diary entries recorded on loose-leaf collections - an example of which can be found in the collection folder of the planned "Logbuch" 65 (N 428/86) - into leather-bound folios and decorated his work with artistic watercolour and pen drawings, among other things. Empty places in the logbooks, on which notes on the pictures or drawings to be inserted are entered in pencil, to be traced in N 428/46, indicate this procedure. The basis of the logbooks, the diary pages, but also his correspondence and other documents, which were unfortunately destroyed privately in the 1950s, are lost except for fragments found in the present collection. Von Selchow created the "logbooks" by first collecting and compiling his notes and supplementary material in folders. Based on this, he transferred text and illustration onto sheets which he had incorporated into the high-quality leather covers bearing the coat of arms of the von Selchow family and embossed inscriptions. This procedure can be traced by means of the above-mentioned collection folder, other folders he used again for other material collections, among others, see N 428/75. The source value of the "logbooks" is increased by the more than 1,000 precisely identified pictures and photos that illustrate the text beyond the drawings. The illustrations show places, ships, everyday scenes from the soldier's but also private life in the homeland and in international waters, crews and persons for the time up to 1919. In addition there are various documents like nautical charts, invitations, etc. From the context of the tradition it can be concluded that the "logbooks" in the form presented here were probably written in the 1930s, since volumes 61 to 68 have inscribed illustrations and empty spaces for the text to be entered. Bogislav von Selchow belonged to the Uradel and had a large circle of relatives and acquaintances. The logbooks give an insight into the life of these circles from the imperial era to National Socialism and reflect the wealth of official and social contacts in the written memoirs and the correspondence, some of which is reproduced. Some spectacular insights into naval life are provided by Selchow's memoirs about his active service with the Imperial Navy. They show the diversity of experience and impressions as an officer of the Imperial Navy, which was deployed around the German colonies. For the first years of the Weimar Republic the so-called logbooks give valuable insights into the world of the Freikorps, above all the so-called student corps Marburg and the so-called organization Escherich; but also to the organization Consul von Selchow maintained contacts - to the latter two numerous statements can be found in the "logbooks". However, his notes not only bear witness to the early phase of the Weimar Republic, but also to the soldierly thinking of Selchow. Even after his withdrawal from public life in 1922, he remained a soldier in his basic attitude as a poet, writer and philosopher of history living in Berlin. The "logbooks" give direct and unique impressions of the life of a member of the Imperial Navy Corps of Officers - also a nobleman - and of his reactions to the collapse of the old order. In terms of the history of mentality, this part of the estate is revealing for the transition from the Empire to the Weimar Republic and probably the only one of its kind that provides information about the revolutionary events in Berlin. Its value might increase with the inclusion of Selchow's publications, especially his autobiography "One hundred days from my life" from 1936. The estate illustrates Selchow's relationship to the old and despised new system. The copies of the "logbooks" for the years 1935 to 1940 also document Selchow's proximity to and access to parts of the NSDAP leadership in their illustrations. In addition to the logbooks, the literary-philosophical estate of Selchow forms the second focal point of the collection. As a conservative-nationalist thinker, von Selchow attempted to establish a time model that divided world history into intellectual epochs, to which he assigned certain developmental steps of mankind in intellectual, but also scientific, political, and religious terms. He thus followed a research trend of his time. His legacy from this phase of his life as a humanities scholar includes collections of various, often loose materials, texts, smaller publications, newspaper articles and his own drafts, but also large diagrams which represent the basis or intermediate steps of his literary work: the note box of a conservative-nationalist writer of the 1920/30s, enriched with his own manuscripts, some published, some unpublished. The tradition of this material, which can be understood from the diagrams, is, however, incomplete; materials on individual subject areas are missing, but may simply not have been laid out. Notes on other stocks BArch MSg 100 (Bogislav Frhr. von Selchow: Deutsche Marineoffiziere) BArch N 253/262 (Estate of Alfred von Tirpitz, correspondence, letter S) BArch RM 5/920 (Critique of the corvette captain of Selchow on birthday congratulations of the members of the admiral's staff for Grand Admiral v. Holtzendorff, Jan. 1919) Vorarchivische Ordnung: The so-called logbooks are continuously available for the years 1897 to 1931. The Federal Archives acquired volumes 39 to 54 as early as 1957 together with the non-military estate of Selchow and in 1960 bought the remaining pieces from the Marine-Offizier-Hilfe, today: Marine-Offizier-Vereinigung. The first two volumes and volume 51 of the former 68 logbooks contained information on family history and were already missing when the estate was acquired; while volume 1 remains in family possession, volume 2 has been considered lost since 1945. The same applies to the main estate consisting of documents and letters, which was destroyed privately in 1957. These volumes are supplemented by copies of the "Logbooks" 61 to 68 for the period September 1935 to December 1940. The originals of these logbooks are still in family ownership. They differ from the "logbooks" available for the years up to 1931 in that they have remained without text. Only pictures and photos were pasted here and also only these sides were copied and taken over into the present estate. This addition to the collection was carried out in 1987 in cooperation with Selchow's nephew Wolfgang von Selchow, who owned the "logbooks" 61 to 68 at that time. Despite this addition, there is a gap in the stock which cannot be clarified on the basis of the available information: While information is available on the whereabouts of volumes 1, 2 and 51, the whereabouts and contents of volumes 55 to 60, covering the period January 1932 to August 1935, are unknown. The memory books are joined by the literary-historical-philosophical archives, which cover the intellectual work of Selchow from 1920 onwards. After the military archive moved to Freiburg in 1968, the so-called logbooks and the literary material initially remained at the main office in Koblenz due to the literary portions. Only in 1976 did the estate come to Freiburg, where in the Military History Collection under the signature MSg. 100 the so-called pennant boards as well as the so-called commemorative plaques were stored since 1957 or partly since 1964 - personnel sheets of the German naval officers from 1848 to 1909 or short biographies and pictures of all officers of the navy who died and died between 1914 and 1918 and in the post-war fights. Citation style: BArch, N 428/...

Execution: Handdruck von wasserarellierter Federzeichnung Persons and institutions involved in the creation: gez. Scott, Georges Bildträger: Halbkarton, 5 drawings in folder II Image and sheet size: 34.6 x 22 cm; 59 x 42 cm Remarks: Folder title: Le soldat francais pendant la guerre, Picture title: 4e Zouaves (Douaumont), Picture foxing, French provenance

Contains: among others: Examination reports of 6.8.1942 (carbon copy) and of 25.4.1941; photographs of the finished barrack house; drawings ´´Versuchshaus for the R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t and the Oberkommando of Heeres´´ Person index: Adolph, Gustav / Graf, Otto / Künzel, Alfred Sachindex: Porenit-Werk Dr. Adolph KG, Haar bei München / Elektrochemische Werke München AG, Höllriegelskreuth / General Labour Officer - Authorized representative for timber construction, Berlin-Grunewald / Steine und Erden GmbH of Reichswerke Hermann Göring, Sales Director Berlin / Karl Kübler AG, Stuttgart / Barackenbau / Porous concrete

Execution: Handprint of charcoal drawing Persons and institutions involved in the creation: gez. Scott, Georges Bildträger: Halbkarton, 5 drawings in folder I Image and sheet size: 32.5 x 23.5 cm; 59 x 42 cm Remarks: Folder title: Le soldat francais pendant la guerre, Picture title: Clairon de régiment colonial (Champagne 1916), French Provenance

Contains among other things: Last defensive position in the embassy district in Beijing (drawing on a scale of 1:1500), [July 1900].