History of the Inventor: The Engineer and Pioneer Corps included the Pioneer Battalions, each made up of four companies. They had to perform certain technical tasks, particularly in the construction of river crossings, blasting operations and field reinforcement. In the 1st World War, the mine launcher, gas combat, heavy current and flame launcher formations were set up within this framework. Inventory description: The Engineering and Pioneer Corps included the Pioneer Battalions, each consisting of four companies. They had to perform certain technical tasks, particularly in the construction of river crossings, blasting operations and field reinforcements. While the pioneers originally formed the mother weapon of the railway, intelligence, motor vehicle, airship and air force troops, in the First World War the mine-throwing, gas-fighting, high-voltage and flame-throwing formations were added to the pioneer troops. Characterisation of content: The present tradition consists primarily of war diaries (often only parts or copies) that have been preserved by chance, individual battle reports, troop orders, location maps or sketches. State of development: Findbuch Vorarchivische Ordnung: The files of the Prussian Corps of Engineers and Pioneers were largely destroyed in the fire at the Potsdam Army Archives in 1945. Only a few fragments of files have been handed down and archived. In 1994, some fragments of files from the military archives of the former GDR were added to the remaining files kept in the Freiburg Military Archives. The preserved files of the former Bavarian, Württemberg, Saxon and Baden troops can be found in the responsible main state archives in Munich, Stuttgart and Dresden as well as in the General State Archives in Karlsruhe. Scope, explanation: Stock without increase 8.9 m 344 AU Citation method: BArch, PH 14/...

Description of the holdings: The personal papers of Ernst Schweninger were transferred to the Reichsarchiv in July 1926 by his widow, Mrs. Lena Schweninger. In September 1936, numerous letters from the Bismarck family to Ernst Schweninger, owned by Mrs. Ingeborg Schulze, Stuttgart, were added. A single volume (N 2281/184) was handed over to the Federal Archives in 2001. In the Second World War, the estate was relocated to the Soviet Union and then transferred to the GDR in two parts - 1950 and 1959 - and transferred to the Central State Archives in Potsdam. There he received the stock signature 90 Schw 4 and was indexed in 1980 by a finding index. In accordance with the agreement, the documents were blocked for any use until December 1956. In the course of German reunification in October 1990, the documents finally reached the Federal Archives and have since been kept under the inventory signature N 2281. In the year 1997 a finding aid book was provided to the existence, which represented a to a large extent unchanged copy of the finding aid file at that time. During the current processing, the archive units were transferred to the archive database BASYS-S. The archive units are now stored in the archive database BASYS-S. Classification, title recordings, terms were checked and partially corrected. Dr. Ernst Schweninger, the personal physician of Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, has conducted extensive correspondence with many well-known personalities of his time, such as Herbert von Bismarck, Bernhard von Bülow, Maximilian Harden, Alfred Krupp and others. The tradition therefore consists mainly of letters from friends, colleagues, patients and not least family members and covers the period 1866 - 1925. Reference: E. Espach: Beiträge zur Biografie Ernst Schweningers. Series of publications of the Munich Association for the History of Medicine, Munich 1979 Citation method: BArch, N 2281/...

History of the Inventor: 24.03.1872 - 8.08.1930, General of the Infantry, Prussian War Minister 1910 Company Chief in the Infantry Rgt. 121 3.11.1912 Ia Gen.Kdo. XIII. A.K. 23.01.1915 Chief of Staff XIII. A.K. Summer 1916 Commander of the Hessian Infan Rgt. 118 July 1916 Chief of the General Staff of XVII. A.K. Aug. 1919 Chief of the Reichswehr Command Post Prussia 1.10.1919 Chief of the Army Command 1920 Brigade Commander Lehr-Brigade Döberitz 16.05.1920 Commander in the Wehrkreis V (Stuttgart) 1.10.1920 Commander of the 5th Division 1.01.1925 Commander in Chief of the Group Command 2 (Kassel) 20.04.1917 Orden Pour le Mérite 3.06.1919 Eichenlaub zum Pour le Mérite 1918 Komturkreuz des Hohenzollernschen Hausordens mit Schwertern 31.12.1927 Farewell to the Reichswehr Inventory description: Microfilms of the estate kept in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart. Born March 24, 1872 in Stuttgart, died Aug 8, 1930 in Berlin, documents from the activities at the Großen Generalstab and at the Kriegsakademie (1879-1913), from the missions during the First World War on the Western and Eastern Front (1914-1918), as well as from his service as Minister of War and Chief of Army Command (1918-1920), Commander-in-Chief of Group Command 2, and from his work at the War Academy (1879-1913).a. On the Versailles Peace Treaty, the Kapp Putsch and the establishment of the Reichswehr; lecture manuscripts and military history. State of development: Special conditions of use Citation method: Barch, N 86/...

History of the Inventor: See Infantry Brigades (PH 10 I) Inventory description: The infantry was the main weapon of the army. It included the foot soldiers. The smallest independent tactical unit of the infantry was the battalion, which usually consisted of four companies of three trains each. As a rule, three battalions formed a regiment, two regiments a brigade. The battalions of hunters and marksmen occupied a special position within the infantry. Characterisation of content: The present tradition consists primarily of war diaries (often only parts or copies) that have been preserved by chance, individual battle reports, troop orders, location maps or sketches. In addition, additional copies of copies of war diaries of German troops kept in the Washington National Archives were added to the holdings. In 1994 a few documents of individual infantry regiments were taken from the military archives of the GDR. State of development: Findbuch Vorarchivische Ordnung: The files of the Prussian foot troops were largely destroyed in the fire at the Potsdam Army Archives in 1945. Only a few fragments of files have been handed down and archived. In 1994, some fragments of files from the military archives of the former GDR were added to the remaining files kept in the Freiburg Military Archives. The preserved files of the former Bavarian, Württemberg, Saxon and Baden troops can be found in the responsible main state archives in Munich, Stuttgart and Dresden as well as in the General State Archives in Karlsruhe. Scope, explanation: Stock without increase 16.6 m 757 AE Citation method: BArch, PH 10-II/...

History of the Inventory Designer: Lieutenant General, Reichsminister Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener Life data 22.11.1867 born in Ludwigsburg (Württemberg) 03.05.1939 died in Bornstedt near Potsdam Development 22.11.1884 as a flag squire in the 3rd Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 121 joined Ludwigsburg 01.04.1890 Battalion adjutant 01.10.1993-July 1896 Commanded to Kriegsakademie 01.04.1897-01.04.1899 Commanded to Großen Generalstab 25.03.1899 Transferred to Großen Generalstab 12.09.1902 Company commander in infantry regiment no. 98 transferred 01.10.1904 to the Great General Staff transferred 01.07.-11.09.1907 to the General Command VII Army Corps commanded 18.04.1908 to the spring voyage of the deep-sea fleet commanded 10.09.1908 with effect from 01.10.1908 to the General Staff of the XIII Army Corps transferred 18.10.1910 as battalion commander in the 7th Württemberg Infantry Regiment No. 125 transferred 13.09.1911 with effect from 01.10.1911 to the Great General Staff commanded 01.10.1912 appointed head of department in the Great General Staff 03.08.1914 chief of the field railway 26.05.1916, leaving his position as chief of the field railways for use at the War Food Office, 01.11.1916 appointed chief of the War Office at the War Ministry and appointed representative of the Prussian War Minister 09.11.1916 appointed Deputy Plenipotentiary of Prussia in the Federal Council 16.08.1917 appointed Commander of the 33rd Infantry Division 20.12.1917 appointed Leader of the XXV Reserve Corps 25.02.1918 appointed Leader of the 1st Army Corps 28.03.1918 appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Army Group Eichhorn - from 08. 08. 1917 appointed Commander of the 33rd Infantry Division 20.12.1917 appointed Leader of the XXV Reserve Corps 25.02.1918 appointed Leader of the 1st Army Corps 28.03.1918 appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Army Group Eichhorn - from 08. 08. 1918 appointed Commander of the 33rd Infantry Division08.1918 Army Group Kiev appointed 15.07.1919 appointed Commander of the Kolberg Command Post 30.09.1919 Approval of his farewell request 25.07.1920-12.08.1923 Reich Minister of Transport 19.01.1928 Reich Minister of Defence 08.10.1931 Reich Minister of the Interior 30.05.1932 Resignation from both offices Promotions 08.08.1885 Ensign 09.09.1886 Lieutenant 18.09.1893 Lieutenant Colonel 25.03.1899 Captain 27.01.1906 Major 01.10.1912 Lieutenant Colonel 05.09.1914 Colonel 26.06.1915 Major General 01.11.1916 Lieutenant General 29.10.1918 I. General Quartermaster Orders and Decorations 01.09.1900 Royal Prussia. Red Eagle Order 4th Class 11.05.1905 Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Royal Württembg. Friedrichs-Order 11.09.1907 Prussia. Crown Order 3rd Class 28.02.1908 Royal Bayer. Order of Military Merit 4th class with crown 09.03.1908 Officer's Cross of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. French Joseoh Order 17.09.1909 Crown to the Royal Prussia. Red Eagle Order 4th Class and Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württembg Crown 13.09.1912 Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Royal Saxon. Albrechts Order with Crown 19.07.1913 Royal Prussia. Red Eagle Order 3rd Class 29.04.1914 Cross of Honor of the Order of the Württembg Crown 17.10.1914 K.u.K. Austrian-Hungarian. Iron Crown 2nd Class 16.11.1914 Iron Cross 2nd Class 05.12.1914 Officer's Cross of the Royal Bavarian. Military Order of Merit with Swords 07.12.1914 Officer Cross of the Royal Württembg. Military Order of Merit with Swords 17.12.1914 Iron Cross 1. Class 29.12.1914 k.u.K. Austrian-Hungarian. Military Cross of Merit 3rd Class with war decoration 14.05.1915 Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords 29.06.1915 Knight's Cross of the Royal and Royal Austro-Hungarian Empire. Leopold Order with War Decoration 11.09.1915 Order pour le mérite 15.12.1915 Commander's Cross 2nd Class of the Royal Saxon. Albrechts-Ordens mit Schwertern 21.01.1916 Großoffizierkreuz des Kgl. Bulgar. militär-Verdienstorden mit Schwertern 10.04.1916 Komturkreuz 1. Klasse des Großhzgl. Bad. Order of the Zähringer Lion with Swords 23.08.1916 Commander Cross of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Franz Joseph-Ordens 27.10.1916 Bremer Hanseatenkreuz 08.11.1916 Hamburg Hanseatenkreuz 05.01.1917 Commturkreuz des Kgl. Bayer. Militär-Max Joseph-Ordens 22.03.1917 Cross of Merit for War Aid 07.06.1917 K.u.K. Österr.-Ungar. Iron Crown 1st Class with War Decoration 02.08.1917 Commander Cross of the Royal Württembg. Friedrichs-Order with Swords 16.08.1917 Royal Prussia. Red Eagle Order 2nd Class with Crown and Swords 31.08.1917 Cross of Honour 1st Class of the Princel. Hohenzollern House Order with Swords 15.06.1918 Star to the Royal Prussia. Red Eagle Order 2nd Class with Crown and Swords 27.06.1918 Grand Cross of the Royal Württembg. Friedrichs-Orden with Crown and Swords Description of the Collection: The collection includes, among others..: Memoirs 1867-1919; personal war diary, e.g. as chief of the field railways (1914-1916), chief of the war office (1916-1917); as First Quartermaster General (1918-1919); correspondence with Ebert and Hindenburg, among others; manuscripts mainly on the First World War, e.g. on the Schlieffen Plan and on field railways; material collections mainly of a war-historical and war-economical nature; political documents as Reich Minister of Transport (1920-1923), Reich Minister of the Armed Forces (1928-1932) and acting Reich Minister of the Interior (1931-1932). Further parts of the estate can be found in the Main State Archives in Stuttgart and in private hands. References to other stocks PH 3 Großer Generalstab RH 26-33 33. infantry division R 4101 Reichseisenbahnamt R 1501 Reich Ministry of the Interior R 5 Reich Ministry of Transport [online finding aids] Citation method: BArch, N 46/...

Excerpts on international psychology, in particular on the history of asylum law and Jewish law as well as on various ethnological topics. Excerpted publications in detail:1.) Hellwig: The Right of Asylum of Indigenous Peoples. Berlin: R. v. Decker, 1903 [p. 1-7];2.) Hellwig: The Jewish Free Cities in Ethnological Lighting, in: Globus 87 (1905), p. 213-216 [p. 8];3.) Passarge: The Bushmen of the Kalahari. Berlin: Reimer, 1907 [p. 9-13];4.) Schultze: From Namaland and Kalahari [...]. Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1907 [p. 14-16];5.) Martin: The inland tribes of the Malay Peninsula [...]. Jena: Fischer, 1905 [p. 18-30];6.) Unknown edition of Schweinfurth: In the heart of Africa [p. 31];7.) Meyer: History of antiquity. Vol. 1, half 1: Introduction. Elements of anthropology. [2nd edition Stuttgart: Cotta, 1907] [p. 32-34];8.) Cunow: The Social Constitution of the Inca Empire: an Investigation of Ancient Peruvian Agrarian Communism. Stuttgart: Dietz, 1896 [p. 35-38];9.) Hitzig: Die Bedeutung des altgriechischen Rechts für die vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft, in: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft 19 (1906), p. 1-28 [p. 40-41].parts of the records are used in later works of Wundts, possibly also in:Wilhelm Wundt: Völkerpsychologie. A study of the developmental laws of language, myth and custom. Volume 9: Law. Leipzig: Kröner, 1918.

Excerpts on the psychology of peoples, especially on primitive peoples in Brazil and the Pacific Ocean, including excerpted publications in detail:1.) Kauffmann: Altdeutsche Genossenschaften, in: Words and Things 2 (1910), p. 99ˉ42 [p. 1-4];2.) Treatise by Paul on Methodology, i.e. vmtl. Paul (ed.): Grundriss der deutschenischen Philologie. Vol. 1: Concept and history of Germanic philology, - Methodology, - Writing, - History of language, - Mythology. 2. verb. and verm. Aufl. Strasbourg: Trübner, 1901 [p. 6-7];3.) Meinhof: Modern language research in Africa: Hamburg lectures. Berlin: Bookshop of the Berlin Evangelical Mission Society, 1910 [p. 8-9];4.) Schultze: From Namaland and Kalahari [...]. Jena: Gustav Fischer, 1907 [p. 10-14];5.) Meinhof: Results of African linguistic research, in: Archive for Anthropology 9 (1910), p. 179-201 [p. 15-20];6.) Bachofen: Das Mutterrecht: an investigation into the gynaicocracy of the old world according to its religious and legal nature. Stuttgart: Krais