History of the Inventory Designer: The "Pariser Tageszeitung" was an exile newspaper founded on 11 June 1936 and published in Paris from 12 June 1936 to 8 February 1940. The publication of the newspaper was stopped with the German occupation of France. Its predecessor was published under the title "Pariser Tageblatt". Editor: Fritz Wolff Editor-in-Chief: 1936 - 1938 Georg Bernhard from 1938 Carl Misch Editor in charge: 1936 - 1938 Marcel Stroa from 1938 Jean Leclerc Processing note: Findbuch (1960), Online-Findbuch (2010) Inventory description: Inventory history The part of the Parisian daily newspaper stock that is handed down and recorded here in the Federal Archives comprises 614 volumes of files from the Central State Archives of the GDR. The inventory signature there was 61 Ta 1. With the transfer to the Federal Archives, the inventory signature was changed to R 8045. Archival evaluation and processing In the course of processing the inventory, a finding aid book was created in the Central State Archives, on the basis of which the present finding aid book on the BASYS-2b database was compiled. The existing classification was adopted, and series and tape sequences were created. During the inspection of the files some editorial and contentwise revisions were made at the data records already existing in BASYS-2b. There were no cassations or additions. Characterisation of content: main points of the tradition: Founding and financing of the journal, personnel matters, cash affairs, post books and mailing lists, general correspondence, litigation and personal matters, editorial correspondence, manuscripts by author, manuscripts of various authors, manuscripts without specification of author, other editorial documents, travel agency of the Paris daily newspaper, mailbox, advertising service, lists and lists of printing and distribution, correspondence with depositaries and other sales representatives, correspondence with subscribers, general emigration matters, newspapers, periodicals and newspaper clippings, indexed status: Online-Findbuch (2010) Citation method: BArch, R 8045/...

Contains:Annual reports, travel reports, sale of the mining company to the railway company (results of mining not very good, interesting handling of such a company), 1898-1914Darin:Participation in the Annener Gas-Gesellschaft due to sales and mining damage, 1906-20Inventar-Nummer: 070550031701Altsignatur: GBAG 16420Unternehmen/Institutionen:Schantung-Bergbau-Gesellschaft (Berlin); Schantung-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft; Annener Gas-Gesellschaft

Contains: - Minutes of the meeting of the Federal Government New Fatherland, mechanical, 21.3.1915 - Letter of Baron Puttlitz with consent to a memorandum, hand-written, 26.3.1915 - Circular letter of the Federal Government New Fatherland, mechanical, 21.3.1915 - Letter of Baron Puttlitz with consent to a memorandum, hand-written, 26.3.1915 - Circular letter of the Federal Government New Fatherland, mechanical, 26.3.1915 - Letter of the Federal Government New Fatherland, mechanical, 26.3.1915 - Letter of the Federal Government New Fatherland, mechanical, 26.3.1915 - Letter of Baron Puttlitz with consent to a memorandum, hand-written, 26.3.1915, April 1915 - Peace Appeal of the Central Organization for a Permanent Peace Haag, printed, April 1915 - "Die Lage Ende April 1915", mechanical, o.D. - Three letters from F. v. Bodelschwingh to Reich Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg about the aims of the war, printed, dated, April 1915 - "The situation at the end of April 1915", mechanical, o.D. - Three letters from F. v. Bodelschwingh to Reich Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg about the aims of the war, printed, dated, April 1915 - "The situation at the end of April 1915", mechanical, o.D. - Three letters from F. v. Bodelschwingh to Reich Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg about the aims of the war, printed, dated, April 1915, 6.-17.5.1915 - "Bemerkungen über die auswärtige Politik und die Kriegsziele", ed., 9.7.1915 - Declaration by Hans Delbrück, Dernburg et al. on the German war policy, ed., 9.7.1915 - "Das deutsche Volk und die gegenwärtige Kriegslage", Speech by Paul Fuhrmann, ed., 9.7.1915 - "The German People and the Present War Situation", Speech by Paul Fuhrmann, ed, 16.5.1915 - Letter from the New Fatherland Federal Government to the Reichstag Representative on Censorship Relations, ed., 17.5.1915 - Letter from the New Fatherland Federal Government with invitation to a meeting, mach.., 21.5.1915 - "Das große Umlernen" by Paul Fuhrmann, special print from "Der Tag", 2.6.1915 - Letter to the Bund Neues Deutschland about the prospects for peace after Italy's entry into the war, mechanical, 5.6.1915 - Letter from Kurt v. Tepper-Laski to the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung about peace efforts, printed, 8.6.1915 - Confidential membership circular of the Bundes Neues Vaterland, printed, 8.6.1915 - Letter to the Bund Neues Deutschland about the prospects for peace after Italy's entry into the war, mechanical, 5.6.1915 - Letter from Kurt v. Tepper-Laski to the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung about peace efforts, printed, 8.6.1915 - Confidential membership circular of the Bundes Neues Vaterland, printed, 8.6.1915 - Confidential membership circular of the Bundes Neues Vaterland, printed, 8.6.1915 - L, 20.6.1915 - Letter of L. Quidde to the Central Organization for a Permanent Peace, mechanical, 2.7.1915 - Memorandum of the Baltic Trust Council to Bethmann Hollweg on the Baltic Question, ed., 9.7.1915 - Letter of the Federal Republic of Germany New Fatherland on its memorandum, ed, 14.7.1915 - "Communication on the preparation of a paper 'Germany after the war, a programme for lasting peace'', masch., 6.8.1915 - Letter from L. Quidde on this paper, masch.

History of the Inventory Designer: With effect from 9. November 1936 Transformation of the Chief Adjutant's Office of the Reichsführer SS into the organizational unit "The Reichsführer SS Personal Staff"; function of the Persönli‧chen Staff Reichsführer SS - one of the main offices of the Reichsführung SS - as sachbear‧beitende Office of the Reichsführer SS for tasks that did not fall within the competence of SS departments; division of the Personal Staff Reichsführer SS into offices in the years 1942-1944: Amt Wewelsburg, Amt Ahnenerbe, Amt Lebensborn, Amt/Abteilung Presse, Amt München (artistic and architectural tasks in connection with the SS-Wirt‧schafts-Verwaltungshauptamt), Amt Rohstoffe/Rohstoffamt, Amt für Volkstumsfragen, Zen‧tralinstitut for optimal human recording (statistical and practical evaluation of the "human recording" at the SS and police), Amt Staffführung (internal affairs of the staff and the offices) Long text: As Heinrich Himmler at the age of 28 years by order of Hitler from 20. When the SS was appointed Reichsführer-SS on January 1, 1929, only about 280 men belonged to the SS, at that time still a special formation of the SA. The supreme leadership organ of the "Schutzstaffeln der NSDAP", set up in the spring of 1925 for Hitler's personal protection and protection of the assembly, whose abbreviation "SS" was probably to become the best-known cipher symbolizing the reign of terror of the National Socialist regime in Germany and Europe, was the "Oberleitung der Schutzstaffeln der NSDAP", which functioned organizationally as part of the Supreme SA leadership in Munich. At the height of the Second World War, on 30 June 1944, the SS then comprised almost 800,000 members, of whom almost 600,000 were in the Waffen SS alone [1]. During these 15 years, the bureaucratic apparatus of the SS had grown enormously through the establishment of new offices, main offices and other central institutions at the highest level of management and through the formation of numerous subordinate offices and institutions. At the same time - also as a consequence of Himmler's leadership principle of the division of competences on the one hand and the linking of institutionally divided competences by personal union on the other - the organisational network at the top of the SS [2], which had become an if not the decisive instrument of power, had turned out to be almost unmanageable. The formal separation of the SS from the SA took place in two steps. Himmler's communication to the SS of December 1, 1930, according to which "the complete separation of SA and SS had been completed" [3], was followed by an order issued by Hitler as the Supreme SA Leader on January 14, 1931, that the Reichsführer-SS, as leader of the entire SS, be subordinated to the Chief of Staff, and the SS, as an independent association with its own official channels, be subordinated to the Reichsführer-SS [4]. With the "elevation" of the SS "to an independent organization within the framework of the NSDAP" ordered by Hitler on July 20, 1934, the binding of the SS to the SA was finally concluded. This was justified by the great merits, "especially in connection with the events of 30 June 1934" [5], i.e. the so-called "Röhm Putsch". At the same time the Reichsführer-SS, like the chief of staff of the SA, was directly subordinated to Hitler. In 1929, the Reichsführung-SS, which at first still knew a "managing director of the overhead management", had a very modest cut within the framework of the then equally underdeveloped Obersten SA leadership. The institutional expansion of the SS leadership pursued by Himmler ran clearly parallel to the development of the Supreme SA leadership, after Ernst Röhm had taken it over as Chief of Staff in January 1931. As with the latter, several departments and departments were created in the Reichsführung-SS until May 1931 in the following structure [6]: Ia Structure, Training, Security Ib Motorisation, Transport Ic Intelligence, Press Id Clothing, Catering, Accommodation Iia Personnel Department, Staffing Iib Proof of Strength III Matters of Honour, Legal Matters Iva Money Management Ivb Medical Care of the SS (Reichsarzt-SS) V Propaganda The SS Office developed from these organisational units in 1932. The department Ic became the SD Office, a race office, later race and settlement office, at the beginning of 1932 newly created. With Himmler's appointment as inspector of the Prussian Police on April 20, 1934 and Reinhard Heydrich's function as head of both the Secret State Police Office and the SD Main Office, the SD Office, later known as the SD Main Office, underwent a development that was separate from the narrower Reichsführung-SS. In 1939, this led to the merger of the SD Main Office and the SD Main Office Security Police to form the Reichssicherheitshauptamt [7]. Although the Reich Security Main Office, the Ordnungspolizei Main Office, the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German People's Growth, and the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle were all part of the SS leadership, according to the understanding of the SS and the NSDAP; these authorities, however, apart from the joint leadership by Himmler as Reichsführer-SS and head of the German Police, and as Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German People's Growth and the linking of state and party-official tasks, essentially performed state functions [8]. The SS Office of 1932, which from 1935 was known as the SS Main Office [9], changed its tasks and became the nucleus of new main offices into the war years. They arose as the Reichsführung-SS continued to expand through increasing leadership and administrative tasks: Development of the armed units, development and leadership of the Waffen-SS during the war, administration of the concentration camps (KL) and the economic enterprises of the SS, activities in the ideological-political field. The order issued by the Reichsführer-SS on January 14, 1935, to reorganize the Reichsführung-SS with effect from January 20, 1935, named the "Staff Reichsführer-SS" in addition to the SS Main Office, the SD Main Office, and the Race and SS Main Offices, the SD Main Office, and the Race and Settlement Main Office. It was divided into a chief adjutant's office, a personnel office, a SS court, an audit department and a staff treasury [10]. The Chief Adjutant's Office was later to become the Main Office of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS. The staff of the Reichsführer-SS and the SS-Hauptamt were closely linked in terms of personnel by the fact that the chiefs of individual offices of the Hauptamt simultaneously performed functions in the staff. So corresponded in the SS-Hauptamt: Staff Reichsführer-SS: Personalamt (II) Personalkanzlei (II) Gerichtsamt (III) SS-Gericht (III) Verwaltungsamt (IV) Verwaltungschef-SS und Reichskassenverwalter (IV) Sanitätsamt (V) Reichsarzt-SS (V) In addition, the Führungsamt (I) and the Ergänzungsamt (VI) as well as the inspector of the KL and the SS-Wachverbände - directly subordinated to the head of the SS-Hauptamt - were added to the SS-Hauptamt, from 1936 the SS-Totenkopfverbände, and, from autumn 1935, the inspector of the disposal troop. One after the other, the corresponding organizational units in the SS Main Office or the SS Main Office were subsequently transformed into in the staff Reichsführer-SS 1939: - the SS-Personalhauptamt für die Personalangelegenheiten der SS-Führer [11], - the Hauptamt SS-Gericht [12], - the Hauptamt Verwaltung und Wirtschaft [13], which from 1942 was united with the Hauptamt Haushalt und Bauten des Reichsführers-SS and Chefs der Deutschen Polizei und dem SS-Verwaltungsamt to form the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt [14], 1940: - the SS Main Office "for the military leadership of the Waffen SS and pre- and post-military training of the General SS" [15], - the "Dienststelle SS-Obergruppenführer Heißmeyer", which supervised national political educational institutions and home schools within the portfolio of the Reich Ministry for Science, Education and Popular Education, as it were the preliminary stage of a planned Main Office for national political education [16]. The SS-Hauptamt under its leader SS-Gruppenführer Gottlob Berger essentially retained the registration and supplementary services as well as matters of training, especially for SS members recruited in the "Germanic Lands". In addition to these main offices and offices, Himmler had early established his own office to direct the apparatus and to supervise institutions directly subordinated to him and tasks in his adjutant's office that remained outside the offices. On June 15, 1933, the SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Wolff [17], who was the same age as Himmler, had joined them as full-time adjutant. Wolff very soon became Himmler's closest confidante, accompanied him on his travels and took part in his leadership tasks. In 1935 he became chief adjutant. Himmler took the upgrading of the Chief Adjutant's Office as an institution that had outgrown its original function into account when he transformed it into the Personal Staff by order of November 9, 1936 [18]: "1.) With effect from 9 November 1936, the previous Chief Adjutant of the Reichsführer-SS was given the designation 'The Reichsführer-SS Personal Staff' in view of its size and its greatly expanded service area over the years. 2.) I appoint SS-Brigadeführer Wolff as Chief of the Personal Staff. 3.) The new Adjutant of the Reichsführer-SS to be established forms a department of the Personal Staff." The simultaneous elevation of the Personal Staff to a main office was not only not pronounced, but probably also not intended. The increasing tasks of the Personal Staff on the one hand and the consideration of Wolff's position in relation to the newly established Heads of Main Office in 1939 may have persuaded Himmler to subsequently interpret another order of November 9, 1936, later, in 1939, to the effect that he had already at that time elevated the Personal Staff to a Main Office. In this order of November 9, 1936 [19] on the "Reorganization of the Command Relations in the All SS", he had announced the "Structure of the Office of the Reichsführer SS" as follows: SS Main Office, SD Main Office, Race and Settlement Main Office, Reichsführer SS Personal Staff; in addition, the Chief of the Ordnungspolizei, SS Obergruppenführer Daluege, had the rank of Head of Main Office. In the order of June 1, 1939, with which he formed the SS Personnel Main Office and the SS Court Main Office, he took up this order again and formulated that he had "established" them as the Main Offices. Still in the order of April 20, 1939, to found the Hauptamtes Verwaltung und Wirtschaft, however, he had declared that it was "a Hauptamt like the other Hauptämter of the Reichsführung-SS (SS-Hauptamt, SD-Hauptamt, Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt, Hauptamt Ordnungspolizei, and Hauptamt Sicherheitspolizei). So there was still no talk of a main office Personal Staff here. Wolff was only appointed head of the main office retroactively on 8 June 1939 [20]. The function and task of the Personal Staff are described as follows in a directive of 3 April 1937 on command management and administration in the area of responsibility of the Reichsführer-SS [21]: "The Personal Staff of the Reichsführer-SS is the administrative office of the Reichsführer-SS for those matters which do not belong to the areas of activity of the heads of the SS-Hauptamt, the SD-Hauptamt, the Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt or the administrative central offices. For reasons of competence, the Chief of the Personal Staff must finally hand over to the SS Headquarters, the SD Headquarters, the Race and Settlement Headquarters, or the Central Offices in charge all matters which fall within the competence of the Heads of the SS Headquarters, the SD Headquarters, or the Central Offices in charge. The Chief of the Personal Staff simultaneously supervises a) the Adjutant's Office of the Reichsführer-SS, b) the entrance office of the Reichsführer-SS, c) the "Chancellery of the Reichsführer-SS". Two characteristics of the Personal Staff are thus shown: It should not perform any tasks in competition with the SS specialist departments, but should be Himmler's administrative office for tasks outside these departments, i.e. at least partially exercise the specialist supervision over Himmler's directly subordinate institutions. The function of the Personal Staff as a "central command post of the Reichsführung-SS" [22], which has brought about the quality of its records and thus of the archive records to be described here, is not addressed here. In addition, a number of chief positions were assigned to the Personal Staff, whose holders functioned in personal union as heads of the corresponding offices in the SS Main Office or in the SS Main Office, but which in turn did not develop into their own SS Main Offices: The chief defender of the Reich was at the same time chief of the Office for Security Tasks in the SS-Hauptamt, later in the SS-Führungshauptamt. The Inspector for Physical Education was head of the Office for Physical Education in the SS Main Office. The Inspector for Communications, who was also Chief of the Office for Communications in the SS-Hauptamt and later in the SS-Führungshauptamt, was renamed Chief of Telecommunications and, towards the end of the war, traded as Reichsführer-SS and Chief of the German Police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior, Chief of Telecommunications. From 1942, for example, he was ordered by Himmler to set up and train a female SS intelligence corps [23]. The head of the SS-Fürsorge- und Versorgungsamt, which was established in 1938, dissolved in 1944, and initially placed under Himmler's personal control, also held a chief position in the Personal Staff. Among the institutions that Himmler directly controlled through the Personal Staff were the economic enterprises of the SS [24] (Nordland-Verlag GmbH, Porzellanmanufaktur Allach, Photogesellschaft F.F. Bauer GmbH, Anton Loibl GmbH, Gemeinnützige Wohnungs- und Heimstätten-GmbH and the Spargemeinschaft-SS, later SS-Spargemeinschaft e.V.), the Gesellschaft zur Förderung und Pflege Deutscher Kulturdenkmäler e.V. [Society for the Promotion and Maintenance of German Cultural Monuments], which were established in the mid-30s, and the SS [24], which was the first German society to establish a "Society for the Promotion and Maintenance of German Cultural Monuments", the Externsteine-Stiftung and the König-Heinrich I.-Gedächtnis-Stiftung. All these institutions served financial as well as cultural, ideological or social purposes at the same time. For example, the licence fees from the exploitation of the patent for a pedal reflector for bicycles - the inventor Loibl was a motorist of Hitler - by Anton Loibl GmbH benefited "Ahnenerbe" e.V. and the association "Lebensborn". In addition to tableware, Porzellanmanufaktur Allach produced gift articles which were not sold but were distributed by Himmler alone to SS members and their families as well as to other recipients on certain occasions via the Personal Staff or the SS Adjutant's Office [25]. Among the articles that were produced for Himmler's "gift chamber" were life candlesticks and children's Frisians, Jul candlesticks and Jul plates, sculptures such as SS flag bearers, SS horsemen, lansquenets with lance, Garde du Corps, jugglers, dachshunds, mountain deer, traditional costume groups, and much more. In the Personal Staff, these businesses were assigned to a "cultural department", with the exception of the Savings Community SS, for which the "Economic Aid Department" was responsible. The old cultural department became obsolete in 1938, when all economic enterprises were economically and organizationally subordinated to the SS-Verwaltungsamt in the SS-Hauptamt. One exception was the porcelain manufactory Allach, which was institutionalized in the Personal Staff as the "Amt München". Among the institutions economically subordinated to the SS-Verwaltungsamt in 1938 were also the Externsteine-Stiftung with the purpose of preserving the alleged Germanic cult site near Detmold [26], the König Heinrich I.Gedächtnis-Stiftung, which was responsible for the care and preservation of the Quedlinburg Cathedral, and the Gesellschaft zur Förderung und Pflege Deutscher Kulturdenkmäler e.V. (Society for the Promotion and Care of German Cultural Monuments), which looked after a number of objects, the best-known of which were the Wewelsburg near Paderborn, the Sachsenhain near Verden/Aller and the Haithabu excavation site near Schleswig. Thus also the "Department for Cultural Research", which until then had been in the Personal Staff - together with a Department for "Excavations" - for these institutions and other Himmler ambitions in culturally-historically oriented areas, lost its idealistic competence and finally also its organizational basis. The beneficiary was the "Lehr- und Forschungsgemeinschaft Das Ahnenerbe", founded in 1935, which had been affiliated to the Personal Staff since the end of 1936 and belonged to the Personal Staff from April 1, 1942 in the organizational form of an office [27]. Economically, however, the "Ahnenerbe" was also subject to the SS-Verwaltungsamt since 1938. The "Ahnenerbe" - with Himmler as president at the helm - had the statutory task of "researching the space, spirit, deed and heritage of North-Rassian Indo-Europeanism, bringing the research results to life and communicating them to the people". Objectives to make the "Ahnenerbe" the "reservoir for all cultural efforts of the Reichsführer-SS" were questioned by Himmler's leadership style, however, "that he did not necessarily want to unite everything in the "Ahnenerbe" in order not to concentrate too many important and essential things in one place" [28]. In the course of its complicated history, which succinctly documented the mental aberration and confusion of Himmler's ideology and scientific ideas, the "Ahnenerbe" attempted to go beyond its early conception and become a bizarre research site for various areas of the "cultural sciences" and natural sciences that could serve both the Nazi ideas of domination and the very concrete ones. During the war it expanded its activities further, e.g. in the form of the so-called "Germanic Science Mission" in the occupied "Germanic" countries. For its journalistic activities, it had an Ahnenerbe-Stiftungs-Verlag publishing house. The "Ancestral Heritage" finally fell into direct entanglement with the inhuman and criminal practices of the Nazi regime through the affiliated "Institute for Military Research", whose establishment Himmler had personally ordered. Under the guise of research allegedly important to the war, cruel experiments were carried out on concentration camp prisoners, which were linked to the names of doctors involved, such as Dr. Siegmund Rascher. Prof. Dr. August Hirt conducted perverted "research" at the Reich University of Strasbourg with his anthropological investigations of skulls and skeletons of "Jewish-Bolshevik Commissioners" who had previously been killed in Auschwitz [29]. A "cultural object" that remained outside the jurisdiction of the "Ancestor's Heritage" was the Wewelsburg castle in East Westphalia, with which Himmler intended to create a permanent place of worship for the SS order's idea [30]. Himmler remained personally concerned about their development, up to the planting of the castle slope with walnut trees. Organizationally, it was also anchored in an office at the Personal Staff. Another office in the Personal Staff, which represented an association, was the office Lebensborn. The association "Lebensborn" had been founded in 1936 and - contrary to what was published after the end of the war - had the statutory purpose of supporting families with many children and assisting single mothers [31], in keeping with the Nazi racial ideology and population policy "racially and hereditarily biologically valuable". Special homes were set up to accommodate them. The "Lebensborn" became directly culpable during the war as a caring organization for "racially valuable" children whose parents had been persecuted, transferred to concentration camps or killed; among them, for example, were the children of the inhabitants of Lidice and Lezáky, who had been shot dead or sent to concentration camps in the course of retaliatory measures for the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich, and children whose parents had been executed as members of the Czech resistance movement [32]. The observation of the press was an early concern of Himmler. The later office press in the personal staff had the task of keeping Himmler informed about press news. In addition, he was responsible for cooperation with party and state press control agencies, certain censorship tasks and the development of word and image documentation. Among other things, the Office also prepared an "Organization Book of the SS," since, according to its leader, "very few SS leaders have a complete overview of the organization of the Reichsführer-SS's area of work in detail" [33]. In order to carry out Himmler's tasks within the framework of the 2nd Four-Year Plan, an "Office Four-Year Plan" was created in the Personal Staff. It was involved in labour recruitment, construction and raw materials management, energy problems and research. In 1942 it was "tacitly" dissolved and incorporated into the "Rohstoffamt" [34], which had emerged from the staff office of the Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Popular Growth [35]. A very early office that Himmler permanently linked to the Personal Staff was the office "Reichsarzt SS und Polizei", headed by Dr. Ernst Robert Grawitz until the end of the war. Grawitz has become less well known than Dr. Karl Gebhardt, the chief physician of the SS hospital Hohenlychen, in whose treatment Himmler very often went and who traded as "Supreme Clinician of the Staff of the Reich Physician SS and Police" [36]. Finally the "SS-Mannschaftshäuser" are to be mentioned; since the mid-30s they served to bring together the SS members at the universities "for the training of the scientific offspring required by the SS", as Himmler put it in 1939 [37], when he withdrew this institution from the Race and Settlement Main Office and turned it into an "SS office in the Personal Staff". According to staffing plans and job descriptions [38], the Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS in 1942/44 was structured and staffed as follows: Chief of the Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS Karl Wolff Offices Wewelsburg: SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS Siegfried Taubert, Burghauptmann der SS-Schule "Haus Wewelsburg" Amt Ahnenerbe: SS-Oberführer Professor Dr. Walter Wüst, curator and head of office; SS-Standartenführer Wolfram Sievers, Reichsgeschäftsführer and deputy head of office Amt Lebensborn: SS-Standartenführer Max Sollmann, board member and head of office Amt/Abt. Presse: SS-Obersturmbannführer Gerhard Radke, later SS-Obersturmbannführer Otto Behrendt Amt München: SS-Standartenführer Professor Karl Diebitsch (processing of all artistic and architectural questions in connection with the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt) Amt Rohstoffe/Rohstoffamt: SS-Standartenführer Albert Kloth Amt für Volkstumsfragen: SS-Brigadeführer Erich Cassel, head of office and liaison officer to the Reichsleitung der NSDAP and the offices of the Reichsführer-SS Zentralinstitut für optimale Menschenerfassung: SS-Obersturmbannführer Dr. Albert Bartels (Statistical and practical evaluation of the entire "human recording" in the SS and police) Office staff management: Staff leader SS-Oberführer Otto Ullmann, from February 1943 SS-Standartenführer Paul Baumert (responsible for all internal affairs of the staff and the offices) with the directly subordinate main departments: SS-Adjutantur: SS-Obersturmbannführer Werner Grothmann Police-Adjutantur: Lieutenant Colonel of the Schutzpolizei Willy Suchanek and SS-Hauptsturmführer Martin Fälschlein Personal Department Reichsführer-SS: SS-Standartenführer Dr. Rudolf Brandt, Ministerialrat, Personal Officer of the Reichsführer-SS and Reichsminister des Innern Sachbearbeiter Chef Persönlicher Stab (S.B.Ch.P.): SS-Obersturmführer Heinrich Heckenstaller Orden und Gäste: SS-Standartenführer Hans von Uslar, later SS-Sturmbannführer Dr. Helmut Fitzner Administration: SS-Hauptsturmführer Oskar Winzer, later SS-Obersturmbannführer Christian Mohr (administration of the staff and the subordinated offices) Economic Aid: SS-Sturmbannführer Dr. Helmut Fitzner (debt relief and loan matters for the SS) Staff: SS-Hauptsturmführer Fritz Breitfeldt SS-judicial liaison officer: SS-Standartenführer Horst Bender The representative for service dogs at the Reichsführer-SS: SS-Oberführer Franz Mueller (Darß) (service dogs questions of the Waffen-SS and police at the Reichsführer-SS) and departments: - Awards and orders (subordinate to the SS-Adjutantur; processing of high awards in Waffen-SS and police) - records management and office (records registration and custody) - intelligence office (monitoring of all intelligence means of the Berlin office of the Reichsführer-SS) - driving service - commander of the staff department of the Waffen-SS (leadership and supervision of all Waffen-SS members transferred to the Personal Staff). This overview also mentions a number of other institutions that Himmler personally subordinated, were "worked on" in the Personal Staff and are documented there. These included, for example, the Reichsführer-SS Personal Staff, Department F, SS camp Dachau - Haus 13, Ernährungswissenschaftliches Versuchsgut. The director was Dr. Karl Fahrenkamp; his main task was the development of preparations for the promotion of plant growth. Around 1940 the Statistical Inspectorate was set up. From January 1944 it was called the Statistical-Scientific Institute of the Reichsführer-SS, was headed by Dr. Richard Korherr and was commissioned with the preparation of statistical work for Himmler. To be mentioned in this context are still ad hoc special institutions such as the representative of the Reichsführer-SS in the staff of the Special Representative for the Investigation of the Appropriate Use of War, General von Unruh, SS-Standartenführer Harro With, and the Reichsführer-SS Sonderstab Oberst Streck, who had to follow letters about grievances in offices and troops. Another of Himmler's countless areas of interest, the development of raw materials during the war, is probably to be attributed to the fact that he was not only very personally concerned, for example, with the breeding of caraculae and perennial rye or with the extraction of oil shale, but that he had Göring officially appoint him special envoy for all questions of plant rubber [39]. In the occupied Polish and Soviet territories, cultivation trials with Kok-Sagys, a plant found in European Russia, were undertaken at great expense in order to obtain usable quantities of natural rubber for the German war economy. The business of the Personal Staff in the narrower sense was conducted by the Office Staff Management with the subordinate main departments and departments. The other offices - the Amt für Volkstumsfragen and the Zentralinstitut für optimale Menschenerfassung (Central Institute for Optimal Human Recording) (with tasks of statistical labour force recording using the Hollerith method), which were established only towards the end of the war and apparently remained without significance and precipitation, were listed only for the sake of completeness - belonged to the Personal Staff, but had separate offices and their own registries. The most important organizational units in the Office of Staff Management were the main departments Personal Department Reichsführer-SS and S.B.Ch.P. (Head of Personal Staff) and the adjutant offices. The Dog Service Officer worked outside the Personal Staff Unit. Although the SS-richterliche Verbindungsführer was always located in the vicinity of Himmler, he conducted his official business separately from that of the staff; his registration was not included in the records of the Personal Staff [40]. Wolff's main task as Chief of the Personal Staff was to support Himmler as the closest employee and confidant in his leadership tasks. His function changed when he was appointed liaison leader of the Reichsführer-SS at Hitler on 26 August 1939. He now stayed in the immediate vicinity of Hitler, i.e. also in his field quarters. Without having any technical competence, he should keep Himmler up to date on developments at the Führer's headquarters and be available to answer questions from the Führer's headquarters. The position directly assisting the Chief of Personal Staff was the S.B.Ch.P. Main Department. (clerk chief of personal staff). The incumbent or one of his employees had to work for Wolff at the Führer's headquarters [41]. When Wolff fell seriously ill in February 1943, Himmler took over the leadership of the Main Office Personal Staff "until further notice" himself. Wolff did not return to this position; after his recovery in the summer of 1943 he prepared for his function in Italy [42]. Himmler did not appoint a new chief of the Personal Staff, but continued to perform this function himself. He dissolved the S.B.Ch.P. department. Himmler's closest collaborator after Wolff, especially since Wolff's appointment as Liaison Leader at Hitler and finally as Supreme SS and Police Leader in Italy, was his personal advisor Dr. Rudolf Brandt. Himmler's already large area of responsibility was expanded by Himmler's appointment as Reich Minister of the Interior to include the processing of tasks from the area of this ministry. Brandt always worked in the immediate vicinity of Himmler. His powers extended far beyond those of a personal speaker who accompanied Himmler on his travels and, for example, as a trained stenographer, recorded Himmler's speeches. He decided which post was presented to Himmler or not, gave a daily lecture on the problems involved, independently implemented instructions from the Reichsführer-SS, and fended off requests if they did not appear to be presentable as Himmlers in terms of content or time. Even without personally obtaining Himmler's decisions, in individual cases he could take his decision or opinion for granted and act accordingly. The police adjutants essentially had "speaking" or "transmitting" functions. The Police Adjutant's Office was the office of the two liaison officers of the Reich Security Main Office and the Main Office of the Ordnungspolizei. Suchanek was always in Himmler's field command post during the war, while Fälschlein was on duty in Berlin. In contrast to the Police Adjutant's Office, the SS Adjutant's Office, in addition to the adjutants' task of "accompanying" the Reichsführer SS, also carried out administrative tasks such as setting appointments, preparing trips, processing invitations, congratulating and giving gifts. It also dealt with factual and personnel matters of the Waffen SS, maintained contact with the SS Main Office and SS Head Office as well as with the front units of the Waffen SS. In Munich, Karlstraße 10, the SS-Adjutantur maintained a branch office occupied by SS-Hauptsturmführer Schnitzler. The headquarters of the Personal Staff was the building Prinz Albrecht-Straße 8 in Berlin, which was also Himmler's headquarters as Reichsführer-SS and chief of the German police in the Reich Ministry of the Interior as well as the chief of the security police and the SD (Reichssicherheitshauptamt) [43]. During the war Himmler often worked in various "field command posts". One of the most constant places of residence was the field command post "Hochwald" in a forest near Großgarten in East Prussia, about 40 km away from the Führer's headquarters "Wolfsschanze" [44]. Commander of the Feldkommandostelle Reichsführer-SS and responsible for its security was the SS-Obersturmbannführer Josef Tiefenbacher. He was in charge of the SS and police escort units as well as the special train "Steiermark", Himmler's rolling field command post, which brought him to the desired destinations or also let him follow Hitler's special train. This happened, for example, after the German invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, when Himmler's special train was parked near Hitler in Bruck/Murr. His motorcade was called "Sonderzug Heinrich". Near Hitler's Führer Headquarters "Wehrwolf" near Vinnitsa in the Ukraine, Himmler had established his field command post "Hegewald" in a German ethnic settlement area south of Shitomir. The increasing air raids on Berlin made it necessary to look for alternative quarters outside the city. These apparently accommodated larger areas of the service and had facilities that could do justice to Himmler's safety and that of his closer staff even if they were present for a longer period of time. The largest and most systematically developed object was apparently the alternative site "Birkenwald" near Prenzlau (Uckermark). On an area of approx. 290,000 m2 with some permanent buildings, which had been given over by the city administration, extensions were carried out until the last months of the war; the laying of a connecting track for the special train "Steiermark" was still in the planning stage in November 1944. The alternative place also had accommodations for Himmler, his personal adviser and the adjutants. For the year 1944 the existence of the alternative sites "Bergwald" and "Tannenwald" is proven in the files of the Personal Staff, as well as for March 1945 the alternative camp "Frankenwald" in Bad Frankenhausen (Krs. Sondershausen/Thüringen) [45]. _ [1] Cf. the data of the Statistical-Scientific Institute of the Reichsführer-SS in NS 19/1471. [2] Cf. Hans Buchheim, Die SS - Das Herrschaftsinstrument. Command and Obedience (Anatomie des SS-Staates, vol. 1), Olten and Freiburg i. Br 1965 [3] SS Command No. 20 of 1. 12. 1930 (NS 19/1934). 4] SA command no. 1 (simultaneously for SS) dated 16. 1. 1931 (NS 19/1934). 5] Hitler's Order of July 20, 1934 by Gerd Rühle, Das Dritte Reich, 1934, p. 237 [6] Staff Order of May 12, 1931 (NS 19/1934). 7] See Shlomo Aronson, Reinhard Heydrich and the Early History of the Gestapo and SD, Stuttgart 1971, and Buchheim (note 3 above). 8] The Federal Archive and its holdings, edited by Gerhard Granier, Josef Henke, Klaus Oldenhage, 3rd ed., Boppard 1977, p. 41 ff., 51 and 53 [9] Federal Archive holdings NS 31 [10] SS-Hauptamt, Staff Order No. 6 (NS 31/70). In an order to reshape the Reichsführung-SS dated February 9, 1934, Himmler had issued a new order for his staff with the Departments I. Adjutantur, II. Personalabteilung, III. Gerichtsabteilung, IV. Revisionsabteilung and V. Pressabteilung only the official title "Der Reichsführer-SS" (NS 17/135, copy in NS 19/4041). 11] Order of 1.6.1939 (NS 19/3901); residual files of the SS Personnel Main Office in the Federal Archives NS 34. [12] Also order of 1.6.1939 (ibid.); Federal Archives NS 7. [13] Order of 20.4.1939 (NS 19/1166). 14] Command of 19.1.1942 (NS 19/3904); Federal Archives holdings NS 3. 15] Commands of 15.8.1940 and 5.9.1940 (NS 19/3903); preserved files of the SS-Führungshauptamt in the Federal Archives holdings NS 33. 16] See Himmler's order of 12.1.1941 (NS 19/3903), also letter of 7.11.1941 from the Reich Minister of Science, Education and People's Education to the Reich Minister of Finance (R 2/12745). 17] Documents on Wolff's personal and private service affairs can be found in NS 19/3456 as well as in the other archive units described below in Section B. 2; in addition also the dossier concerning Wolff (copies) in the documents of the Freundeskreis Reichsführer-SS in NS 48/81. 18] NS 19/3901. Himmler announced the wording of the order in a speech at the SS-Gruppenführertagung on 8.11.1936 in Dachau (NS 19/4003; see also note 72), which had long been regarded as incomplete. 19] NS 19/3902 [20] See the documents of the Friends of Himmler concerning Wolff (copies) in NS 48/81 [21] NS 19/2881 [22] Gunther d'Alquen, Die SS. History, task and organization of the Schutzstaffeln of the NSDAP, Berlin 1939, p. 24 [23] The preserved files of the SS-Helferinnenschule Oberehnheim are in the Bundesarchiv stock NS 32 II. 24] See note 23. 25] See, for example, the archives described in section B.1.6 below. 26] Cf. Klaus Gruna, Die Externsteine kann sich nicht fhren, in: Menschen, Landschaft und Geschichte, edited by Walter Först, Cologne and Berlin 1965, pp. 239-249 [27] Tradition of the "ancestral heritage" in the Federal Archives NS 21 - Cf. Michael H. Kater, Das "Ahnenerbe" der SS 1935-1945. A contribution to the cultural policy of the Third Reich, Stuttgart 1974. [28] File note of the Reich Secretary of the "Ahnenerbes", Wolfram Sievers, from 4.11.1937 about a visit of Pohl to the "Ahnenerbe" on 2.11.1937 (NS 21/779). 29] See, among others, Reinhard Henkys, Die Nationalsozialistischen Gewaltverbrechen, Stuttgart und Berlin 1964, p. 66, 69 f., 247. Sievers was sentenced to death and executed for the criminal activities of the Institute in the Nuremberg medical trial. Shepherd's been missing since the end of the war. Rascher was executed on Himmler's orders for child undermining. 30] Cf. Heiner Lichtenstein, Wo Himmler wollte residieren, in: Menschen, Landschaft und Geschichte (above Note 29), pp. 115-128 and Karl Hüser, Wewelsburg 1933 to 1945. Cult and Terror Site of the SS. Eine Dokumentation, Paderborn 2nd edition 1987 [31] Cf. Georg Lilienthal, Der "Lebensborn e.V." Ein Instrument Nationalsozialistischer Rassenpolitik, Stuttgart, New York 1984 [32] Cf. the correspondence on the accommodation of Czech children 1943-1944 (NS 19/375) as well as Marc Hillel and Clarissa Henry, Lebensborn e.V. In the name of the race, Vienna, Hamburg 1975 [33] Accountability report of the head of office from 1.11.1942 (NS 19/2985). 34] Letter from SS-Standartenführer Kloth to SS-Obergruppenführer Wolff of 3. 8. 1942 (NS 19/349). 35] File note of SS-Standartenführer Kloth of 4.10.1943 to. Establishment of the office m.W. of 15.1.1942 and letter of the Rohstoffamt to the administration of the Personal Staff of 22.9.1943 (NS 19/1786). 36] See Henkys (note 36 above) and Trials of War Criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10, Vols. 1-2, Washington, D. C. 1950, and Alexander Mitscherlich and Fred Mielke (ed.), Medicine without Humanity. Documents of the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial, Heidelberg 1949 [37] SS Order of 12.2.1939 (NS 19/3901). 38] NS 19/2881. 39] Letter of appointment dated 9.7.1943 (NS 19/1802). 40] Remains of tradition in the Federal Archives NS 7 [41] Indictment of the Public Prosecutor's Office at the District Court Munich II in the criminal proceedings against Karl Wolff; see also Note 22 [42] On the takeover of the Personal Staff by Himmler himself see NS 48/81; on Wolff's later use in Italy see also NS 19/3456 [43] Cf. Topography of Terror. Gestapo, SS and Reich Security Main Office on the "Prinz-Albrecht-Gelände". Eine Dokumentation, ed. by Reinhard Rürup, Berlin 8th ed. 1991 [44] Cf. Peter Hoffmann, Die Sicherheit des Diktators, Munich 1976, p. 219 [45] The construction of alternative sites essentially documents the archives described in section A.1 below as well as other documents scattered throughout the indices. For Birkenwald see above all NS 19/2888, 3273, 2211 and 1518. Inventory description: Inventory history The file tradition developed at the offices of the Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS essentially shares the general fate of German contemporary historical sources described elsewhere in the war and post-war period [1]. Losses of files as a result of air raids in November 1943 are documented several times in the files of the Personal Staff. The office building at Prinz-Albrecht-Str. 8 was destroyed by bombs in February 1945 [2]; members of the Soviet and U.S. occupying forces are said to have recovered files from the ruins of the building after the end of the war [3]. There is no information about the fate of the files of the Personal Staff at the end of the war, nor about where the traditions of U.S. troops now kept in the Federal Archives were captured. The first message is conveyed by a file directory of the "7771 Document Center OMGUS", the subsequent U.S. Document Center in Berlin-Zehlendorf which existed until 1994 and which, as of July 1948, records an inventory of 2.5 tons of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS "transferred to another location". It had been made available to the prosecution authorities of the Nuremberg War Beaker Trials [4]. When preparing the files for trial purposes, numerous and extensive "personnel processes" were taken from the files of the Personal Staff in Nuremberg and the Führer personnel files of the SS Personnel Main Office were added. While these later returned to the Document Center in Berlin and - reduced by withdrawals, e.g. for the "Schumacher Collection", which was formed in the Document Center against all archival provenance principles on the basis of factual aspects and which was transferred to the Federal Archives in 1962 - remained in the custody of the Document Center until it was taken over by the Federal Archives in the summer of 1994 [5], the Personal Staff, which had also been reduced by further withdrawals for trial purposes, was transferred to the USA during the Berlin blockade in 1948/49. In the course of the general repatriation of confiscated German archival records from British and American custody in 1962, it was handed over by the National Archives in Washington to the Federal Archives in Koblenz in a mixture with other records from the command area of the Reichsführer-SS [6]. After the restoration of the state unity of Germany on 3 October 1990 and the unification of the former central state archives of the GDR with the Federal Archives, the archives of the Personal Staff together with the other state and party official holdings of the Federal Archives from the period before 1945 came under the responsibility of the newly established "German Reich" Department of the Federal Archives, which was initially located in Potsdam and has been part of the Federal Archives Office in Berlin-Lichterfelde since 1996. The tradition of the Personal Staff in the Federal Archives was supplemented by a "Himmler Collection" formed in the Document Center and also handed over to the Federal Archives in 1962 [7]. It contained Himmler's personal papers, which were kept in the Federal Archives, supplemented by a microfilm of diary entries from the years 1914-1924 [8] kept in the Hoover Institution, and which constitute Himmler's estate [9]. However, the majority of the collection consisted of documents from the Personal Staff and the SS-Adjutantur, which were added to the files of the Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS. These include notes and recordings of Himmler's appointments and telephone conversations. 10] Finally, the Federal Archives were able to reunite the files of the Personal Staff that had previously been placed in the "Schumacher Collection" in the Document Center with the main holdings in NS 19. This also applies to those parts of a comprehensive collection of copies of Personal Staff documents that were created in the Document Center before the transfer of the holdings to the USA and whose "original" originals can no longer be verified in the holdings or could not yet be verified. The identification of the copies with the corresponding originals proved to be very time-consuming above all because the internal structure of the collection of copies, consisting mostly of compiled individual pieces, differed fundamentally from the order found or newly created for the files. The remaining copies, i.e. copies that could not be identified on the basis of "originals", were finally assigned to the holdings as such, and their form of transmission as copies were recorded as comments. For the majority of these remaining copies, including the few larger connected processes [11], it can be assumed that the corresponding "originals" were lost before the repatriation from the USA, or were excluded from the repatriation for reasons which can no longer be understood today, or simply, like many other German contemporary historical sources, must be regarded as lost. In individual cases, on the other hand, a double tradition cannot be ruled out; the "originals" of the documents recorded as copies may still be in an unexpected place in the inventory, but to want to find them under any circumstances would have required an unjustifiable effort. In the course of the revision and increase of the total holdings in August 2007 by orders, orders and decrees of the individual departments in the Personal Staff of the Reichsführer-SS as well as of the command authorities of the Waffen-SS and individual units of the SS upper sections concerning documents, the existing collection could be further expanded in its range of holdings. Furthermore, activity reports and partly personal documentations of the higher SS and police leaders as well as announcements, decrees and orders concerning cultural and ideological matters of folklore and resettlement policy were included. _ [1] Cf. the general aspect Josef Henke, Das Schicksal deutscher zeitgeschichtlicher Quellen in Kriegs- und Nachkriegszeit (The Fate of German Contemporary History Sources in the War and Post-War Period). Confiscation - repatriation - whereabouts, in: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 30 (1982), pp. 557-617 [2] Cf. Topography of Terror (Note 51), pp. 178 ff. and Gerald Reitlinger, Die SS, Munich 1957, p. 55 [3] Findings of members of the then main archive (former Prussian Secret State Archive) in Berlin-Dahlem. 4] On the use of confiscated German files for the Nuremberg Trials see Henke (Note 54), pp. 570-577. 5] See Dieter Krüger, Das ehemalige "Berlin Document Center" im Spannungsfeld von Politik, Wissenschaft und öffentlichen Meinung, in: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 45 (1997), pp. 49-74. 6] Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria/Va.., Vol. 32, 33, see also Heinz Boberach, Die schriftliche Überlieferung der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches 1871-1945. Securing, repatriation, substitute documentation, in: Aus der Arbeit des Bundesarchivs (oben Anm. 1), p. 50-61, here: p. 57 [7] See NSDAP Main Archive, Guide to the Hoover Institution Microfilm Collection, compiled by Grete Heinz and Agnes F. Peterson, Hoover Institution Bibliographical Series XVII, Stanford 1964, p. 144-149 [8] See Werner T. Angress and Bradley F. Smith, Diaries of Heinrich Himmler's Early Years, in: The Journal of Modern History, Vol. XXXI, No. 3, 1959, p. 206-224 [9] Federal Archives holdings N 1126 [10] See the below in Sections B.1..3 and B.3 archival records. 11] [(NS 19/539) and in Ukraine 1942-1945 (NS 19/544). Registrar's Relationships The "Administration of records" department of the Personal Staff was responsible for the administration of records. A "document management order" regulated "file creation and storage" [1]. The filing plan provided for the written material to be divided into four categories: Personnel filing cabinet (red), Subject filing cabinet (blue), Special filing cabinet (green), Command filing cabinet (yellow). The identification of the processes took place within a stamp imprint: personal staff Reichsführer-SS, records administration, file. No. ..., by handwritten colour inscriptions of the name (personal file) or the file number. The assignment to the individual categories, in particular the distinction between "Personnel folder" and "Subject subject folder", was often inconsistent, that is, things were also stored according to the names of correspondence partners. Subject-matter filing could take place both to a narrower subject in the sense of a "process", but also to subject series up to the number of 25 numbered individual processes increase. In addition to open files, secret files with their own characteristics and structures were also kept. The war situation and in particular the decentralised keeping of records in the field command posts led to different forms of filing after a combination of Roman-Arabic numerals without any recognisable factual connection between the individual "events", partly also - originally not foreseen - correspondence files. Filing aids and storage aids that have not been preserved may have secured access to the not particularly sophisticated document storage system to some extent. NS 19/2881: Archive evaluation and processing of confiscations at the end of the war, file transports to file collection points, file withdrawals and file rearrangements for various purposes (e.g. for the Nuremberg Trials and for the biographical collections of the Document Center in Berlin), mixtures of provenances and new formations of files have not left the already weak classification system unimpaired. In addition, files that were confiscated, as it were, on the desks of the departments and authorities, and this includes a large part of the documents captured from SS departments, were mostly in a loose state and were particularly susceptible to disorder. The SS tradition that arrived in the USA was essentially classified into three categories: Files of command authorities and troops of the Waffen-SS on the one hand and files of SS upper sections with subordinate units and facilities on the other hand were put together in separate complexes with different signatures. In a third category, in provenance overlapping to the two mentioned categories and in a colorful mixture of provenance and pertinence (e.g., files of state authorities with SS matters), all the files were brought together that seemed suitable to present the SS as an organization with its manifold ramifications. In the Federal Records Center, a file depot in Alexandria, Virginia, near Washington, D.C., these files - like numerous other traditions of civilian provenance - were arranged according to a scheme developed on the basis of a captured "Unified File Plan for the OKW and the OKH. The SS files were assigned to the EAP (= Einheitsaktenplan)-collection groups 160-164 (160 = Development of the SS, 161 = Top Division of the SS, 162 = Territorial Division of the SS, 163 = Advertising, Service, Special Affairs of the General SS, 164 = Concentration Camps and Death's Head Units), within which they were divided into a subject group with one or two subgroups. This order was converted into an alpha numerical signature (e.g. EAP 161-c-28-10); the counting of the file units followed a horizontal line in the numbering 1-N (e.g. EAP 161-c-28-10/1). This complex of files, formed in this way, largely filmed by the Americans and finally transferred to the Federal Archives, was divided here according to provenance. Considerable parts of the archives today consist of the holdings NS 31 (SS-Hauptamt), NS 33 (SS-Führungshauptamt) and NS 34 (SS-Personalhauptamt). The holdings NS 7 (SS- and police jurisdiction), NS 3 (SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt), NS 4 (concentration camps), NS 21 (Ahnenerbe), NS 17 (Leibstandarte SS "Adolf Hitler"), NS 32 (SS-Helferinnenschule Oberehnheim) also received considerable growth from this restitution, NS 2 (Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt-SS) and NS 48 (Sonstige zentrale Einrichtungen der SS, including a few remaining documents from the Institute of Statistical Science and the SS School "Haus Wewelsburg") as well as - to varying degrees - numerous other archival holdings of both party and state provenances. Documents of regional SS offices and institutions, in particular of SS upper sections and SS sections, but also of SS standards, storm bans and storms reached the responsible state archives of the Länder. The found files of Waffen-SS units were handed over to the Military Archives Department of the Federal Archives in Freiburg i. Br. for the RS inventory group there. The orders, orders, decrees and communications of all central SS services, originally combined in the "Befehlsablage", later in the Federal Archives in an "SS-Befehlssammlung", were restructured in chronological series according to exhibitor provenance (Reichsführer-SS, SS-Hauptämter or other subordinate organisational units) and assigned to the corresponding provenance holdings. The consequence of this was that the NS 19 holdings only contain the special category of the so-called "SS orders" and those issued by the Reichsführer-SS without any additions, as well as the orders, decrees, and orders issued by the departments of the Personal Staff themselves. The remaining records of the Personal Staff, at that time also called the NS 19 holdings "new", proved, as a glance at the Microfilm-Guides can confirm, to be a tradition that consisted largely of formed records management files, but could not be left in the traditional order or file description. However, in a very time-consuming working procedure, which was fully justified by the quality of the holdings, which could not be overestimated with regard to the authentic documentation of the history of the SS and the National Socialist state, a rearrangement and re-drawing according to events or subject series - as far as these had been formed in a meaningful appendix - was carried out, as a rule without regard to the original file units. The primary goal was to create clearly defined and described procedures from larger complexes of written documents with little or no factual connection. The fact that this often led to archival archival units, whose size is very small, often only minimal, had to be accepted, as well as the resulting disappointment of the user to find only a few sheets of archival material behind an important title. As a rule, more comprehensive archive units appear with detailed "Contained" and "Herein" notes, so that their exhaustive description of content is also guaranteed. The indexing begun by Elisabeth Kinder at the end of the 1960s was based on the "Guidelines for the Title Recording of Modern Files" (Instruction for Archival Activity No. 29), which were valid at the time in the Federal Archives and entered into force on 15 January 1963. The recorded running times of the archive units, most of which were newly created in the archives, consistently follow the date that can be determined first and last in the records. Deviations are usually indicated. Only where it seemed important and above all expedient, especially in the case of individual documents, are monthly and daily data given. Terms of annexes falling within the time frame of the actual transaction, also of other documents which are obviously "outliers" in terms of time, are listed in brackets, time data indexed in square brackets. Cassations were handled with the utmost caution in the cataloguing of this collection of archival records of the Nazi regime - apart from duplicates and the collection of copies from the "Schumacher Collection". Even in those cases where the reasons for cassation in the archives did suggest a cassation, it was decided in principle to preserve the archival records. In this context, the problem of the destruction of files of important authorities and departments of the Nazi state, which sometimes touched on political dimensions as well, especially when these were directly linked to the ideology and extermination machinery of the Nazi state, such as those of the SS and especially of the Reichsführer-SS, should be remembered. 1] The classification of the holdings carried out after the completion of the title records could not, as for example in the case of a large number of ministerial file holdings, be based on prescribed file plans or other highly developed registration aids. Therefore, it was necessary to find an objective structure independent of the registry, which was primarily based on the above-described competence structure of the Personal Staff and, in a broader sense, also on the overall organizational responsibilities of the Reich leadership of the SS, as defined by the various main offices and other central offices. From the registry order outlined above, only the above-mentioned "command file" (in Section C.1) and the "personnel file" (Sections C.2 and C.7.6) can be identified in general terms. The fact that this rather factual-technical classification is accentuated by Himmler's special, sometimes peculiarly quirky personal fields of interest in a conspicuous way, sometimes even superimposed, so in the areas of health care, race and population policy, science, nutrition, plant breeding and inventions, gives the stock of his Personal Staff a special, from the traditions of the other SS-main offices deviating, just "personal" coloring. It is true that the individual areas of classification are to be understood primarily as related to the SS. So education and training means first of all education and training of the SS. Science stands above all for the "science" pursued by the SS and misunderstood, even perverted, in its ideological sense. And economy refers primarily to the SS economic enterprises. It is not difficult to recognize, however, that a mixture with "SS-free" dimensions of the concepts and areas could not always be avoided. The chapter on finances documents not only the financing of the SS but also some aspects of state financial policy. In addition to the administration and the completely ideologized health policy ideas of the SS, some files also concern state administration, as well as state health policy. Section C.19 (Reichsverteidigung...) also concerns the warfare of the Wehrmacht in addition to the widely documented establishment, organization and deployment of Himmler's Waffen SS. Ultimately, however, this mixture appears to be a reflection of the mixture of state and party official competences that was consistently practised in Himmler's power apparatus, i.e. here mostly "SS-like" competences, apart from the fact that a convincing archival separation would mostly have been possible only at the "sheet level" and thus too costly. Cross-references were applied relatively sparingly. On the other hand, titles that apply to several subject areas appear several times in case of doubt, i.e. in each of the appropriate sections. Since its return to the Federal Archives, the holdings have been usable from the outset and at all times due to the declaration of disclosure [2] requested by the Allies from the Federal Government before the return of German files. And it is undoubtedly one of the most frequently used archives of the Federal Archives since then. In the more than three decades it was used unchanged strongly for all purposes of use, essentially of course for historical research, but also for the numerous domestic and foreign lawsuits for Nazi violent crimes and Nazi war crimes up to the late seventies. This led not only to the unusually long duration of his indexing - the processing of the holdings could not be a reason for temporarily excluding the archives from use for reasons of both archival expertise and politics - but also to different citation methods in the numerous publications he was called upon to produce, corresponding to the respective state of indexing. In addition to the American EAP signatures used almost exclusively, especially in very early publications, the "old" NS-19 signatures assigned immediately after the repatriation, but still before the indexing, were also frequently used, and from the late 1960s these were increasingly combined with the "old" NS-19 signatures assigned in the L

Contains among other things: Claims for compensation and applications for new licences to establish pharmacies by pharmacists from the former colonies

Contains among other things: Claims for compensation and applications for new licences to establish pharmacies by pharmacists from D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a

Foreword: Information from the Findbuch, which Archive Director Heinz Kossack compiled in September 1965, with a few more intensive annotations: Foreword: History of the Registratur-Bildners: Die Philosophische Fakultät der Berliner Universität besteht seit der Gründung der Universität im Jahr 1810 besteht. The statutes of the university from 1816 as well as the statutes of the faculty itself from 1838 provide comprehensive information about the tasks and the structure of the faculty. 1) These statutes remained in force until 1923 with some changes, except for a new version in 1912. 2) In July 1923 new statutes were prepared and negotiated on the basis of a decree of the Prussian Minister for Science, Art and National Education of 30 March 1923, which, however, according to the available documents were not concluded. 3) In March 1930, the Prussian State Ministry issued a new statute to the Berlin University, in which the legal status of the faculty as a "corporation and authority" was also stated. 4) As an authority, the faculty had the following tasks: 1. to supervise teaching in its fields and its completeness; 2. to supervise students from a scientific point of view; 3. to grant academic dignity. 5) At the turn of the century, the faculty is also referred to as an "authority" for the tasks of academic self-administration and state administration. It had the status of an independent state authority alongside the rector and senate. 6) The first lectures of the newly founded faculty began in the winter semester 1810/11 in the following scientific fields: Philosophy Mathematical Sciences Natural Sciences Cameralistic Sciences Fine Arts Historical Sciences Classical Studies Philological Sciences Modern Languages and Literature The first Dean of the Faculty was Fichte. With effect from April 1, 1936, the long-considered separation of the humanities and natural sciences was achieved by the formation of an independent Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. 7) This made it necessary to reorganize the faculty. Prof. Dr. Breloer became Dean of the new Faculty of Philosophy. The following institutes and seminars were now part of the Faculty of Philosophy: Philosophical Seminar Psychological Institute Pedagogical Seminar Institute for Political Pedagogy Seminar for Nationalities Studies Institute for Newspaper Studies Institute for Prehistory and Germanic Early History Historical Seminar Seminar for Eastern European History and Regional Studies Seminar for State Studies and Historical Geography Institute for Military Policy and Geography Archaeological Seminar Art History Institute Music History Seminar Institute for Sound Research Institute for Classical Studies Germanic Seminar Theatre Studies Institute Seminar for English Philology Seminar for Romance Philology Institute for Slavic Languages Hungarian Institute Indogermanic Seminar Seminar for Regional Geography Seminar for Languages and Literatures Hungarian Institute for Indo-European Institute for Languages and Literature Seminar for Languages and Literature and Classical Studies of the Orient Sinological Seminary Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies Egyptological Seminary 8) The following changes occurred in the structure of the institutes until 1945: Newly founded: Seminar for German Folklore Institute for Folk Art Research The Seminar for State Studies and Historical Geography was integrated into the Historical Seminar as a department for regional history and historical geography. The Institute for Military Policy and Geography was renamed the "Wehrpolitisches Institut" and the archaeological seminar the "Winckelmann-Institut". The seminars for English and Romance Philology were renamed "English and Romance Seminars". The Seminar for Slavic Languages was given the name "Slavic Institute". Furthermore, the following were newly founded: "Institute for Portugal and Brazil", as well as the "Orient-Institut", into which previous sinological seminaries and the Institute for Arabic and Islamic Studies were integrated as departments. The last dean until 8 May 1945 was Prof. H. Grapow. 1) University Archives of Humboldt University: "Faculty of Philosophy." The Statutes of the Faculty, Archive No. 16, p. 144 and Statutes of the University of Berlin, no. J. Section II, p. 6 f (publication) 2) U.A. of the HU: Philos. Fak. Faculty: Ebenda, Archive No. 17, Sheet 181 f 3) Ebenda, B. 194 - 302 4) The Statutes of the Prussian Universities and Technical Colleges, Part 6. The University of Berlin, 1930, Pages 16 - 25. 5) Statutes of the Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin 1912, § 4 (printed). 6) E. Wende: "Grundlagen des Preußischen Hochschulrechts" Berlin 1930, p. 113 7) Official Gazette of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, B. 7 dated April 1, 1936 8) Amtsblatt der Friedrichs-Universität zu Berlin, Bl. 7 vom 1. April 1936, p. 155 Registratur und Bestandsgeschichte I. Registratur-Verhältnisse The registry of the Faculty of Philosophy has been managed centrally by the university registry since the university was founded. 1) The faculty thus had nothing to do with the keeping of its files. The order within the registry was done in the simplest way in alphabetical keyword order. This order was maintained until 1945. Since the tasks and the structure of the faculty remained constant since its foundation in 1810, the registry conditions also remained unchanged. The formation of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences in 1936 and the incorporation of the Faculty of Philosophy into the Faculty of Natural Sciences did not change anything in the existing stock. TWO. Access The holdings have been in the custody of the University Archives since it was founded in 1954. The alphabetical order of keywords was still used, so that its use was extremely difficult. There was also no overview of the existing files. III Archival processing Due to the existing keyword order, there were no factual connections within the holdings. It was therefore necessary to reorganise the stock. Functional groups had to be created and the individual record units assigned to these groups. A draft framework file plan for the scientific institutions facilitated this work. The inventory was first drawn up in order to make it easier to use. The group "Promotions" did not list the 733 volumes of promotion files individually, since they are already indexed by a card index. The order was done after the distortion. The same procedure was followed for the "Habilitations" group as for the doctorates. The existing faculty personal files are recorded in a special index of names. It was therefore decided not to include them again in the search book. On the other hand, the creation of a register of names and objects was recommended to make it easier for the user to work with the holdings. The order and indexing work was carried out in the months of July to September 1965 by the head of the archive, Dr. Heinz Kossack Quellen- und Literaturnachweis I. Quellen: 1. Archivalien Universitäts-Archiv der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Philosophische Fakultät: The Statutes of the Faculty, Archive No. 16 and 17 2. Publications: Statutes of the University of Berlin Statutes of the Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin 1912 The Statutes of the Prussian Universities and Technical Colleges, Part 6, "Die Universität Berlin" Berlin 1930 Official Gazette of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin Bl. 7 of April 1, 1936 Personnel and Course Catalogue of the University of Berlin Winter Semester 1944/45 II. Literature: E. Wende: "Grundlagen des Preußischen Hochschulrechts" Berlin 1930 1) see On this: Findbuch "Rector and Senate of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, 1835 - 1945" (in German) S. IX, Berlin 1962 in the U.A. of the HUB to Berlin citation way: HU UA, Faculty of Philosophy.01, No. XXX. HU UA, Phil.Fak.01, No. XXX.

Contains: The station of the Deutsche Schifffahrtsgesellschaft Nyanza can be seen in the general view. It was next to the locals' village. You can see: the house of [Carl] Jungblut ; property DASG; house of Oswald

The image archive contains approx. 25,000 original, paper prints or prints. Thematically, the collection covers all places of activity of the Pallottines since the foundation of the German province.

Contains only: Memorandum of Konrad Schauers (East Africa) to the owner of the manor Alfred Freiherr von Oelsen, Vietnam (district Königsberg) from April 29, 1916

Contains: Documents for the foundation of a memorandum on some areas of South West Africa Separate print from no. 26 and 27 of the "Deutsche Kolonialzeitung" 1890 on settlement conditions in South West Africa from the point of view of organized colonization

Contains: among others: Memorandum about the foundation of a national observatory in Windhoek by Erich Schoenberg - Report by Erich Schoenberg about the expedition of employees of the observatory Breslau to South West Africa - Graphical representation of a round bearing on the radio tower area near Windhoek - Cost estimate by Paul Guthnick and Erich Schoenberg for the annual operating costs.

Contains among other things: Foundation of a German Confederation for Southwest Africa Naturalisation Act Reorganisation of immigration regulations for Southwest Africa Nationality issues for Germans in Southwest Africa

Contains among other things: - Joint action by the European powers over the uprising in Crete, 1867 - visit of the Duchess of Genoa to Saxony, 1867 - colonial trade with India and Sumatra, 1867 - purchase of provisions for the Italian army, 1867 - colonial trade with Senegal, 1867 - General La Marmora's trip to Venice and abroad, 1867 - armament of the navy in France, 1867 - financial reform in Italy, 1867 - exchange of archives between Austria and Italy over Veneto,1867 - Baron Bille-Brahe appointed Danish chargé d'affaires to the Kingdom of Italy, 1867 - Chevalier Constantino Nigra returned to Paris as envoy, 1867 - Situation in Schleswig-Holstein, 1867 - Proposals for the foundation of a South German Confederation (Salzburg meeting), 1867 - Compensation between Austria and Hungary, 1867 - Hungarian railway loan, 1867 - Delivery of weapons to France, 1867 - Travels of Garibaldi through the Papal States and Central Italy, 1867 - Political situation in Austria, 1867 - Statements of Emperor Napoleon III. on a war with Prussia, 1867 - German nunnery in Assisi, 1867 - political situation in Hungary, 1867 - "Summary overview of the strength of the Italian army in late August and late September 1866", 1867 - political conditions in Bulgaria, 1867 - Russian music project on the unrest in Crete, 1867 - Neutralisation of the Netherlands, 1867 - Fortress of Luxembourg demolished, 1867 - Negotiations between France and Italy on the Papal State, 1867 - Situation in the city of Rome, 1867 - French troops sent to Rome, 1867 - Negotiations on a conference on the Roman question, 1867 - Battle of Mentana, 1867.

Contains among other things: - Joint action by the European powers over the uprising in Crete, 1867 - visit of the Duchess of Genoa to Saxony, 1867 - colonial trade with India and Sumatra, 1867 - purchase of provisions for the Italian army, 1867 - colonial trade with Senegal, 1867 - General La Marmora's trip to Venice and abroad, 1867 - armament of the navy in France, 1867 - financial reform in Italy, 1867 - exchange of archives between Austria and Italy over Veneto,1867 - Baron Bille-Brahe appointed Danish chargé d'affaires to the Kingdom of Italy, 1867 - Chevalier Constantino Nigra returned to Paris as envoy, 1867 - Situation in Schleswig-Holstein, 1867 - Proposals for the foundation of a South German Confederation (Salzburg meeting), 1867 - Compensation between Austria and Hungary, 1867 - Hungarian railway loan, 1867 - Delivery of weapons to France, 1867 - Travels of Garibaldi through the Papal States and Central Italy, 1867 - Political situation in Austria, 1867 - Statements of Emperor Napoleon III. on a war with Prussia, 1867 - German nunnery in Assisi, 1867 - political situation in Hungary, 1867 - "Summary overview of the strength of the Italian army in late August and late September 1866", 1867 - political conditions in Bulgaria, 1867 - Russian music project on the unrest in Crete, 1867 - Neutralisation of the Netherlands, 1867 - Fortress of Luxembourg demolished, 1867 - Negotiations between France and Italy on the Papal State, 1867 - Situation in the city of Rome, 1867 - French troops sent to Rome, 1867 - Negotiations on a conference on the Roman question, 1867 - Battle of Mentana, 1867.; 2011 June 7, Br

Four fiches. Contains: FICHE NR. 0 1 - Zwickau 1891. Neubert to "Missionsdirektorium" (handwritten, 2 p.) - Deutsches Kolonialblatt. Volume III. No. 8, Berlin, 15 April 1892 (with "Map of the Mission Stations in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a"; map "Edea Station on 1 January 1892") - Leipziger Zeitung. No. 109, May 12, 1892 - Berlin 1892 - Seminar for Oriental Languages (with list of lectures and exercises in the winter semester 1892/93 with "Conditions for Entrance to the Seminar for Oriental Languages, Berlin"; 2-fold) - Mörz 1892 - Mission Conference in the Province of Brandenburg (Grundmann) - "Business Plan and Social Contract of the Commandit Society Karl Perrot

Contains among other things: Emil Funcke. - Director H. Roscher. - by Dieterich. - Chief Engineer Müller. - T. Stretch. - Dr. Bunte. - Herm. Eich. - Janitor G. Polter. - Chief Engineer G. Faehndrich. - Friedrich Geier. - Authorized signatory Wilhelm Klebe. - Moritz Niemann. - Heinrich Tusche. - Ludwig Kirchhoff. - Ludwig Sasse. - Friedrich Teupe. - Wilhelm Bachmann. - Flower. - Boehm. - G. Martini. - Michaelis. - Chief Designer Reister. - Rich. Gehardt. - Spangenberg. - Prof. Stein. - Architect C. Pertz. - Count Zeppelin. - Chief Engineer Schäfer. - Civil Engineer Windeck. - Prof. F. Klein. - Hydraulic engineering inspector Schümann. - of Kracht. - Sculptor Hüllweck, Dessau. - Sculptor Starck, Berlin. - Baurat Teichmüller. - Court confectioner P. Andres. - Dr. J. Bueb. - Prof. Slaby. - Prof. Riedler. - Director Kuckuk. - Pintsch. - Prof. Gussow. - Dr. Hermann Müller. - Director Carl Hasselblatt, Odessa. - Architect Cuno Pohlig. - Lord Mayor Ebeling. - Dr A Bantlin. - Herosè. - General Director Blum. - Director Alberti. - Chief Engineer August Müller. - Ceasar Wollheim. - Chief Engineer A. Kemper. - Dr. Stein. - Luckhardt. - Pillet. - Roesicke. Also contains: Transactions for internal business processes. - Anniversaries of the Dessau civil servants. - Foundation of a casino and a casino club. - Information on events in Russia and the living conditions there, including business contacts. - Private property matters of the villa in Dessau. - Comments on attached press articles on agriculture in tropical countries (colonial society). - Oechelhaeuser criticizes Schäfer's essay on the installation of gas vending machines in Germany and England. - Construction of gas works in Hagen, Königshütte, Katowice, Niederau, Großkreis Berlin, Zerbst and others. - Excursion of the Berlin district association (e.g. shipyard Sachsenberg and BAMAG II). - Travelogue by Schäfer from England. - List of essays by Schäfer. - Lecture: About the use of the factory bathrooms by the workers of Klebe. - The Association of Anhalt Employers (fol. 419) - Its origin, foundation and previous activities (declared aim among others youth welfare, welfare institutions). - Wage issues, tariff reform. - Report on the possibility of extending the DCGG lighting area in the Berlin area. - Report about the gas conditions in Budapest by Dr. Bueb. - Report by Dr. Bueb on the course of his hunting stay in Hungary (fol. 604 ff.). - Strike movement in Poland (around Warsaw) and situation in Russia. - Oechelhaeuser´s Shares in the Moliwe-Pflanzungsgesellschaft. - Employment of a future administrator for the cocoa plantation in Cameroon. - Reports of the former plantation manager Hoffman to the "Leipziger Neueste Nachrichten". - Stock transactions. - Lodge business.

169 sheets, also contains: - Topographic map (pen drawing): "Projected Prussian Cap Verde coal station near Mindello on St. Vicente-Porto Grande", scale: ca. 1:19100; secondary map: overview map for the islands St. Anton and St. Vicente, scale ca. 1:154000; map extracted; order signature: XI. HA cards, AKS, F 53837

239 sheet, Contains et al: - Transmission of the Japanese-German Industrie-Anzeiger by the publishing house and printer Max Nössler in Bremen, 1896 - Examination of the article on the Seminar for Oriental Languages conceived for publication in the Konversations-Lexikon of the publishing house Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus in Leipzig (Brockhaus´ Konversations-Lexikon), 1897 - Transmission of curricula and programmes of the Seminar for Oriental Languages to the Russian Oriental Research Society in St. Petersburg. Petersburg, 1900 - Evaluation of the personality and information about the official and personal circumstances of the lieutenant in the reserve Johannes Engler, who was intended to be used at the cast steel factory Friedrich Krupp in Essen, 1901 - Participation of Prof. Dr. Eduard Sachau at the National Colonial Congress planned by the German Colonial Society, 1902 - 13th International Congress of Orientalists. First report. Hamburg 1901 (print) - 13th International Congress of Orientalists. Second report. Hamburg [1902] (print) - 13th International Congress of Orientalists. Third report. Hamburg [1902] (print) - Report on the constituent meeting of the Committee of the National Colonial Congress 1902, on 25 February 1902, held at the Deutsche Kolonialheim in Berlin. Berlin [1902] (print) - National Colonial Congress on 17 and 18 October 1902 in the Reichstag building in Berlin. Program. Berlin [1902] (print) - Deutsche Kolonialzeitung. Organ of the D e u t s c h e K o l o n i a l g e s e l l s c h a f t , No. 11, 19th year, 13th March 1902 Berlin 1902 - Deutscher Kolonialkongress on 17th and 18th October 1902 in the Reichstag building in Berlin. Program. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the executive committee of the National Colonial Congress 1902, on Tuesday, March 4, 1902, held at the Deutsche Kolonialheim in Berlin. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the United Subcommittee of the National Colonial Congress 1902, held on Monday, March 10, 1902, at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the united men of confidence committees for the formation of the sections of the National Colonial Congress 1902, on Tuesday, March 11, 1902, held in the Deutsche Kolonialheim in Berlin. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the working committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Saturday, 22 March 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the working committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Saturday, April 5, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Working Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Friday, May 30, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Working Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Friday, June 14, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Working Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Monday, April 14, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - 13th International Congress of Orientalists. Tenth report. Hamburg [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Working Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Monday, September 1, 1902, (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Working Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Monday, September 29, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Congress Committee of the German Colonial Congress 1902, October 2, 1902, (...), held at the Deutsche Kolonialheim in Berlin. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Wednesday, October 22, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress 1902, Saturday, November 8, 1902 (...), held at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1902] (print) - examination of the article about the Seminar for Oriental Languages, 1903 - Courses of Training for Business in the University of Illinois, 1903 - 1904, conceived for publication in the Konversations-Lexikon of the publishing house Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus in Leipzig (Brockhaus´ Konversations-Lexikon). University of Illinois Publications, New Series, Vol. 2, No. 4. [Illinois] [1903] (print) - recommendation for the board member of the Munich department of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft Dr. Albrecht Wirth for his visit to the University of Tlemcen (Algeria), 1903 - Advertising publication with invitation to general assistance for the foundation and maintenance of a German Protestant, non-denominational school and association building "Jesajanum" in Jerusalem, 31 October 1903 [Jerusalem] [1903] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Congress Committee of the German Colonial Congress 1905, 10 December 1904, held in the Deutsche Kolonialheim in Berlin. Berlin [1905] (print) - Report on the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Deutscher Kolonialkongress, held on December 1, 1904, at the offices of the Deutsche Kolonialgesellschaft. Berlin [1905] (print).

History of Tradition For the history of the authorities, see the preface to the holdings Ho 235 T 3 Processor's report In Section I, Section VI Trade and Industry, files were produced in the following areas: Size and weight, annual and weekly markets, trade concessions and pedlar trade, customs association and traffic in the same, trade, trade schools, trade police, guild system, book printers and bookstores, insurance companies and emigration agents as well as patent awards, building craftsmen and chimney sweeps, restaurants and pubs, Mills and shipping as well as water engines, ban rights, factories and steam boilers as well as smoke development, mining and metallurgy and saltworks as well as petroleum, budget and cash management, health insurance of workers, accident insurance of workers, disability and old age insurance, economic and other measures as a result of the world wars. Files on trade and trade schools were originally listed under a classification point "Trade" in the old index. However, since this was a confusing abundance of file titles, the division into two classification points was recommended: the classification point "Wanderschaften der Handwerksgesellen und Dispensationen davon" no longer has any files. The present repertory is the revised version of the 1852 official finding aid of the Prussian Government Section I Section VI Trade and Industry of 1852 with a supplement of 1927 (see No. 739). There is an index to the old repertory (see no. 740). There is also a concordance in the archive (see No. 741) between the authority file number and the NVA (=newly recorded files) number assigned in the archive. The addendum is partly in line with the 1852 finding fund of the authorities and partly not. Occasionally, file numbers that had previously been regarded as order signatures were assigned twice. As this is a means of finding authorities, supplements were made and these were not always in the expected places, which led to a great deal of confusion. Also the various entries about destruction or transfer to other registries (especially registry G of the standing registry) and other authorities created confusion about the existence or location of the files. The NVA numbers behind the individual title records (if at all clearly assignable) gave a certain indication that the file must already have been in the archive. - The NVA number was the first signature assigned in the archive, later the files were detached from the NVA stock again and were set up again according to the old authority signature. - However, not every file with an NVA number could be found. The complexity and the poor manageability of the old finding aid, in addition to the necessity of simplifying the old signatures, have led to the present directory. The first processing of the inventory took place only on the basis of the finding aids and not on the basis of the files. The content of the titles was not checked against the files, but only carefully normalised. The actual existence of the files and their duration was determined in the inventory in the magazine. Files from the previously unallocated remainder of the total holdings of the Prussian Government of Sigmaringen had to be allocated to the present partial holdings. In the course of the file check, the notes in the file were included in the repertory and no evidence of prior provenance was found. Unless it was a matter of a file with the preliminary provenance "Prussian Government Sigmaringen" and with the final provenance "Presidents of Hohenzollern - Liquidation Office". Mainly, however, one has to reckon with the preliminary provinces "Gehei me Konferenz Sigmaringen", "Geheime Konferenz Hechingen", "Fürstliche Landesregierung Sigmaringen", "Fürstliche Landesregierung Hechingen", "Preußische Übergangsregierung Sigmaringen", "Preußische Übergangsregierung Hechingen", "Preußischer Kommissarius" and "Landratsamt Hechingen". Individual files were left as they were in spite of free conveniences. Only "Prussian Commissarius" and "President of Hohenzollern - Processing Office" appear as foreign provenances. After the dissolution of Prussia, the authority "President of Hohenzollern - Abwicklungsstelle" (President of Hohenzollern - Settlement Office) had the task of fully settling the affairs of the Prussian government of Sigmaringen, which was also dissolved in 1945. The repertory now has a place and person index. The problem with the place index was that many places in the east of the former German Empire are now mainly on Polish territory. In order to facilitate the understanding of contemporary administrative contexts, these places were identified according to their administrative affiliation at the time. The same procedure was applied to Alsace-Lorraine. The present repertory lists all files that are listed in the list of authorities. If they could not be found, the note "not available" appears in the repertory. The state of conservation of the files is questionable, as the Prussian-stitched files were previously loose and unpacked on the shelves. However, no further deterioration of the state is to be expected, as the files have been packaged in an archival manner. The title recordings were recorded by the undersigned in 2004 using the Midosa 95 archive indexing program. Corinna Knobloch and the undersigned checked the files in the magazine. Holger Fleischer completed the final EDP work. The present inventory comprises 741 units of distortion and 27 linear metres and is quoted as follows: Ho 235 T 13-15 Nr. Sigmaringen, December 2005 Birgit Kirchmaier Content and evaluation Includes above all..: Measures and weights Regulation of the ratios of measure and weight; establishment and occupation of the Pfechtämter; control of the fineness of gold and silver goods; determination of measures for the brickworks; volume of the dispensing vessels; introduction of the hundred-part thermometer; order of measure and weight; establishment and new construction of the Weights and Measures Office in Sigmaringen and the processing office in Burladingen; Reich professional competitions - annual and weekly markets fair traffic; fairs - trade concessions, pedlar trade General provisions on pedlar trade; granting of trade concessions; ministerial decrees; commercial matters; department stores; granting of subsidies for the payment of rent for commercially used premises - customs union and traffic with the same customs union; traffic with neighbouring states; Trade and customs contracts; export of domestic products; customs duties - trade Landesgewerbeamt; Sunday rest in trade, industry and crafts; installations not subject to approval; experts for building trades; police ordinance on the establishment and operation of bakeries; bakery ordinance; state aid for the raising of small trade; Child labour in commercial enterprises; cartels; Ostrach gravel and crushed stone works; laws for the protection of workers; regulation of commercial relations; ministerial decrees; retail trade, migrant trade; trade licences; trade police; funds for commercial purposes; trade licences for foreigners; installation of vending machines; withdrawal of licences; commercial support funds; introduction of branches of industry, for example B. Embroideries; establishment of mechanical workshops; support for tradesmen; establishment of model workshops; commercial further training and vocational schools; pupil exchange between Württemberg and Hohenzollern; craftsman further training schools; personnel files of vocational school teachers; care of aviation in schools; aerial sports courses; state premiums for apprentice exhibitions; Premiums for the training of the deaf and dumb; private commercial schools; vocational schools for home economics; homework law; industrial and trade certificates; master builder ordinance; improvement of gainful employment; Kampfbund des gewerblichen Mittelstands; law on the organisation of national work; public welfare workers; kindergarten teachers; youth leaders; manufacture of hollows; Distance learning; UK employment of trade teachers; combating epidemics through schools; deployment of German teachers from the western and eastern regions; trade identification cards; trade privileges and subsidies; licensing of private hospitals, maternity hospitals and mental homes; trade courts; establishment of workers' health insurance funds; accident insurance for civil engineering workers; Improvement of housing; formation of commercial and industrial cooperatives; testing of small arms; workers' welfare institutions; establishment of employment offices; credit cooperatives of craftsmen; trade and commerce associations; chamber of crafts; award of state medals "for commercial services"; strikes and lock-outs; impairments of the craft trades; 1. May celebration; theatre; arbitration; labour court law; master builder regulation; wines and wine trade; accidents in commercial enterprises; employment agencies; award of public contracts; shortage of raw materials; chamber of commerce; films - trade police police police regulation on beer and meat taxes; regulation of fruit and bread prices; business by foreigners; butchery; slaughterhouses; transport of liquid carbon dioxide; electric power systems; lifts; explosives; transport and traffic with petroleum; air gas systems; Acetyl plants; price monitoring; ordinance on Thomas flour; remote gas supply; plants requiring monitoring; mineral oils; tank plants; beverage dispensing plants; mineral water apparatuses; ammonium nitrate; Sigmaringen gas station - guild of farriers; farriers; guild; Compulsory guilds; business transactions - hikes, dispensations Nothing left - book printing houses, bookstores Examination of booksellers and book printers; exclusive trade licence of the Court Chamber Council Ribler von Hechingen; supervision of lending libraries; Establishment of bookstores and book printers - insurance companies, patent grants, emigration agents Emigration companies; life and pension insurance companies; law on the business of insurance; granting of invention patents; intended establishment of a general hail insurance; private insurance companies - building craftsmen, chimney sweeps Classification and occupation of chimney sweep districts; instruction for chimney sweeps; regulation of chimney sweep wages; district chimney sweeps; Examination of building tradesmen; operation of the building trade; building materials; buildings; building experts - guest and public houses - granting of concessions; retail trade with beverages; reduction of pubs; economic fairness - mills, shipping, water engines - mill regulations; Mill visits; milling; reed, bone and powder mills; construction of waterworks; shipping - ban rights - abolition of the obligation to mill - factories, steam boilers, smoke development Employment of young factory workers; Revision of factory regulations; steam boilers; steam saws; individual factories; impairment of mill and factory operations by meadow irrigation; support for factory owners; worker protection; annual report of factory inspectors; employment of women and young people; labour inspectorate; meetings, travel expenses and annual report of labour inspectors; telephone systems; employment of blind people; German Labour Front; Youth Protection Act; Maternity Protection Act; labour protection for foreign workers and Eastern workers; arsenic-containing wallpaper and fabrics; anthrax; Sunday work; working hours - mining, metallurgy and saltworks, petroleum production; miners' law; mining law; establishment of ore washes; geognostische Untersuchung Hohenzollerns; petroleum - budget and cash management of the trade and industry administration final conclusions of the trade and industry administration; invoice acceptance; official affairs; support for retirement officials, their widows and orphans - health insurance of workers execution of the law on registered auxiliary funds of 1876 workers execution of the law on registered auxiliary funds of 1876; working hours - mining, metallurgy and saltworks, petroleum production; miners' law; establishment of ore washes; geognostische investigation of Hohenzollerns; petroleum - budget and cash management final conclusions of the trade and industry administration; invoice acceptance; civil servant affairs; support of retirement officials, their widows and orphans - health insurance of workers Implementation of the Reich Law on Health Insurance for Workers of 1883 and 1892; Implementation of the Reich Law on Health Insurance for Persons Employed in Agriculture; Earnings of Persons Employed in Agriculture; Health Insurance; Local Health Insurance Funds; Company Health Insurance Funds - Accident Insurance for Workers; Workers' Compensation Associations; Accident Insurance for State Enterprises - Disability and Old Age Insurance for Workers Implementation of the Reich Law on Disability and Old Age Insurance of 1889; Pension office for invalidity insurance; Insurance Act for Employees; Health insurance funds; Determination of local wages and benefits in kind - Mixed statistics; Air-raid protection of industrial installations; Leave of absence for employees and workers; Jews; Medal of Honour for Military Service; Cross of Merit for War; Medal of Merit for War; War measures of an economic nature; Administrative fees; Decrees notified by the Minister of Commerce; Medal of Honour for German public welfare; Reichskredithilfe; Orders, laws, etc. of the French military government; file levy on the occasion of the dissolution of the Prussian government Sigmaringen - economic measures in and after the 1st world war Nothing left

History of Tradition The history of the Presidential Department The history of the Prussian government was divided into three or four departments, namely the Presidential Department (Department P), Administration (Department I) and Tax and Treasury (Department II). In the tradition of the presidential department two registry layers could be determined. The first layer distinguished between general files and special files with consecutive numbering. The files of this first layer were transferred to the file plan of the second layer, which was used since about 1905. The structure of the second layer represented the last state of order of the presidential registry. It consisted of 14 main groups, which roughly reflected the departments existing since 1852. Personnel files formed an additional main group. The respective main groups were marked with Roman numerals from I to XIV, the upper groups with capital letters. Only the E group, authorities and officials, in the main group I, sovereignty, was further subdivided. These bullet points are preceded by lower case letters. Within the main groups, counting was started from the beginning. The repertory of authorities in the presidential registry was designed for growth in the individual main groups, i.e. a number range was usually reserved within a main group of each upper group. From 1 January 1932, the administration of the general administration, the administration of the health service, the building construction, the interior and the district administration as well as some special areas was converted to the uniform file plan of the Prussian administration. This was based on decimal classification and replaced the thread-stitched files with mechanical standing files. In the presidential registry, however, the files were at least partially continued according to the old file plan. The repertory of the authorities contains notes on which files should be transferred from the current registry to the so-called ground registry, i.e. to the old registry, and which should be transferred to the archive. Some files contain the word "destroyed". However, these indications do not provide reliable information about the actual fate of the files. A reference to the transfer of the documents to the standing registry was found with some file titles (especially with personnel files). In various cases, files from other sections or departments or from previous authorities were included in the presidential files as previous files. Reference is made above all to the written material of the Royal Prussian Commissarius (cf. fonds Ho 231). Contents and Evaluation Principles of Registration Polish archivist Beata Waclawik from the Allenstein State Archives worked her way into the Prussian registry and file system within the framework of a scholarship from the Volkswagen Foundation from 20.4 to 15.8.1990. During her work at the Sigmaringen State Archives, she began the indexing of the presidential department. Their distortion performance flowed into the present repertory in revised form. When the inventory was recorded, the file references listed in the repertory of authorities were used as the basis for the recording. Nearly all file covers were also provided with a file subject, which largely coincided with that in the repertory. The file title was compared with the file content and, if necessary, modified and normalized. In various cases, files from other sections or departments or from previous authorities were included in the presidential files as previous files. If these were listed in the repertories of the sections and not marked with registration signatures of the presidential department, they were returned to the corresponding section. However, if they were integrated into the registration scheme of the Presidential Department, they remained there, even though they had not experienced any further growth in the Presidential Department. Laws and ordinances were not thrown out in principle. Maps and plans, as long as they were not integrated into the fascicle, were removed for conservation reasons and incorporated into the map selection. Areas and places that were no longer on German Reich territory after 1918 were identified, as far as possible, on the basis of their administrative affiliation when the file was created. The signing was done with the archival development program Midosa 95 in the years 1998 to 2000 by the undersigned. Holger Fleischer completed the final EDP work. The present stock comprises 16.1 linear metres (in unpackaged condition) and 895 units of registration, beginning with numbers 32 to 926. The numbers 1 to 31 are listed in stock Ho 235 T 2. For reasons of data protection, the 380 personnel files also contained in the inventory could not be taken into account for this online find book. Contains above all: State sovereign matters Royal Prussian House and Princely Hohenzollern House Celebrations in the presence of members of the Royal House and on feast days of members of the Royal and Princely House; other events within the families; intended acquisition of the Zollern cone by the Royal House; Title dispute between the Prussian government and the princely house - class rule Relationship of the government to the class rule Fürstenberg and Thurn und Taxis in Hohenzollern - state constitution and state colours - seizure of the Hohenzollern principalities by Prussia and the resulting constitutional changes; Contract of assignment; celebrations of homage; takeover of civil servants; colours and coats of arms of Hohenzollern; change of the name of the country; commemoration of the Anschluss an Preußen - Behörde und Beamte Organisation der Landesverwaltung Reorganisation of the administration after takeover of the principalities by Prussia; employment of a Prussian commissariat; Establishment and dissolution of an Immediatkommission (Immediate Commission); regulation of official responsibilities; administrative reforms; discussions on the possible new regulation of Hohenzollern's nationality - distribution of business and instructions for the government - business and service instructions; Fire regulations for the government building; establishment of a department for indirect taxes; business audits; office reform; business distribution plans - administrative reports - Immediate newspaper reports - civil servants - general takeover and swearing in of civil servants by the Prussian State; disciplinary investigations; Distinguishing marks on service caps; visit of ministers and senior officials to Hohenzollern; employment and training of civil servants; conduct outside the service; political conduct; support - Regierungspräsidium Verwaltung des Regierungspräsidiums - Regierungsungskollegium und Regierungsreferendare Stellenbesetzungen; Training; transfers; personal and official conditions; sketches prepared by members of the government - office, clerical and sub-official staff Recruitment; training; examination; substitution; transfer; staff reduction - archives, registries and libraries Establishment of a government archive and a Princely Hohenzollern House and Domain Archive; List of files of the presidential registry; use of the State Archives; segregation of files; library matters - district committee, district and other authorities and their officials administration of the higher offices; position of the higher officials or County councillors; Hohenzollern deputation for the homeland system; establishment of the district council or of the District Committee; District Health Insurance Fund of the Road Construction Administration; District Forestry Officers; Higher Insurance Offices; Dissolution of the Sigmaringen Main Customs Office - judicial authorities and their officials, administration and organisation of justice; State Examination of Legal Candidates; Public Prosecutor's Office; Complaints in judicial cases; judicial reform; lists of jurors; formation of courts of lay assessors; investigation against the lawyer Dopfer in Sigmaringen; service of the police attorney Ruff von Hechingen - general instructions acquisition and loss of the Prussian subject status; Authentication of documents; Flagging of public buildings; Service vehicle - legislation Real charges separation; Water cooperatives; Family fidei Kommisse; Relocation of the state border against Württemberg; Land mergers; Literature on high customs laws - statistics, topography and meteorology Orthography of the name Wehrstein; Transmission of statistical notes; Establishment and operation of a meteorological station; Communications on the Prussian Court and State Manual or to the Prussian State Calendar - Award of orders and titles - Award of orders and titles; Award of office titles; Title dispute between the government and the Princely House of Hohenzollern; Titular system; List of holders of orders - Elections of the two Prussian chambers; Elections of the House of Representatives; Political conditions in Hohenzollern; election of the Reichstag by the North German Federation and the German Reich - Official Gazette; distribution of newspapers and periodicals Official Gazettes; promotion of the distribution of periodicals; promotion of subscriptions to pictures and books - military affairs Mobilisation Execution and/or Modification of mobilization plans; protection of Hohenzollern in the event of war with Switzerland; occupation of Hohenzollern by Württemberg troops in the German-German war; wars of 1866 and 1871; demobilization; return of prisoners of war after the 1st World War. World War II - Other claim to the so-called hundredthal positions; investigation against Hohenzollern officers and crews for misconduct at the Battle of Oos in 1849; "Small Guard"; planned acquisition of the Koller Bathhouse in Hechingen for military purposes; military surveying of Hohenzollern; weapons of the former civil defence; garrisoning; Catholic military pastoral care; Memorial Day; Application by candidates for pension for the office service - municipal matters Landeskommunalverband Landeskommunalverband Landeskommunalverband and its civil servants Amtsverbände and Landeskommunalverband; employment relationships of civil servants - Kommunallandtag Bildung; election; meetings; convocations; meetings of the Landesausschuss; budgets; chairman and his deputy; treatment of the domain question - Landesausschuss Members and their swearing-in - legal regulations negotiations of the 1. Chamber on the Provincial Constitution; extension of the autonomy rights of the provinces; local self-government; implementation of the law on the extension of the powers of the Chief President and simplification of administration at the regional association of municipalities - finances - taking out loans for, inter alia, the purchase and conversion of the Hotel Schach into a country house; actions for embezzlement and other legal proceedings. a. against the President of the Regional Court (retired) Evelt; budget relations; sales of real property - supra-regional representations elections to the Prussian state council; provincial council - savings and loan fund organization - Fürst-Karl-Landesspital 50th anniversary; directors; Meetings of the Regional Commission of the Hospital - Agricultural School - Road Construction Self-administration in the field of roads - Official Associations Taking out loans; Budgets; Administrative Reports; Determination Decisions; Official Supervision of Associations - Mayors and Municipal Councils Supervision of Municipal Council Elections; Behaviour of the local councils; meeting of the mayors, local heads and bailiffs - debt repayment fund - establishment - disciplinary investigations - municipal regulations - drafts; improvements - charity support soup kitchens; support for the poor; support for the widow of the former district president Frank von Fürstenwerth - graces gifts - Stephanie Foundation for the dowry of devout virgins; Karl-Anton-Josephinen Foundation for the support of first marital unions and jubilee couples; König Wilhelm Foundation or Preußische Striftung für hilfsbedürftige erwachsene Beamtentöchter; Kaiserin-Augusta-Stiftung und Kaiserin-Augusta-Verein für deutsche Töchter - Ehrenämter des Regierungspräsidenten Chairman of the Provinzialverein des Roten Kreuzes für die Hohenzollerischen Lande; Bezirksverband der Cecilienhilfe - Bausachen und Verkehrsanstalten Bausachen Takeover of princely buildings and inventories; Construction of the Hohenzollern Castle; hall and meeting room in the government building; roads and other buildings; official residence of the district president; Hedingen grammar school in Sigmaringen - post and telegraph system Badisch-Prussian telegraph line; postage freedom for some civil servants; transfer of the postal system in Hohenzollern to Württemberg - railway railway projects; Introduction of the railway law in Hohenzollern; Hohenzollerische Landesbahn - Kultur Musik Private music lessons; anniversaries of singing associations - preservation of monuments, antiquities Acquisition and collection of antiquities and architectural monuments; conservation of monuments; inventory of architectural and artistic monuments; Landeskonservator; implementing provisions of the excavation law of 1914; Verein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde in Hohenzollern; archaeological research in Hohenzollern carried out by the Württemberg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments - Trade and Commerce - Stone Science; introduction of new branches of industry; raising of the trade business; training schools for craftsmen; promotion of silk breeding; cloth factories - agriculture; Formation of the Landesökonomie-Kollegium; Replacement of the real burdens; reports on the state of the seeds; central office of the Association for Agriculture and Trade; Federation of Farmers (Hohenzollerischer Bauernverein); disciplinary proceedings - police Political police investigations for treason; observation of the political activities of German refugees in Switzerland; fight against social democracy; Surveillance of the anarchic movement, political surveillance; treatment of anonymous letters; revolution in 1918; Kapp Putsch; communist activities - penal institutions supervisory personnel of the Hornstein penal institution; intended repurchase of Hornstein Castle by the Barons of Hornstein - press supervision; editor of the Hohenzollernsche Wochenblatt; State aid for the Hohenzollerische Blätter published in Hechingen for the publication of official communications - associations - monitoring of associations - fire insurance - building fire insurance; accounting of public fire insurance institutions in Prussia - medical affairs - occupation of medical civil service posts; organisation of medical administration; Private clinic in Hechingen; examination of the management of the senior medical officers - church matters General separation of the church from the state; protests of Catholic clergy against the burial of Protestants in Catholic cemeteries; festive days - Catholic Church Affairs of the Catholic Church; church disputes in the Upper Rhine and Baden areas, respectively. Kulturkampf; occupation of parish offices; conduct of priests; occupation of the archbishop's chair and cathedral chapter offices in Freiburg; planned separation of Hohenzollern from the sprinkler of the archdiocese of Freiburg; exercise of patronage law; branches of orders; relationship between church and schools; award of titles; Confirmations and church consecrations; ecclesiastical jurisdiction; blocking money use law; expenses for the diocese administration in Freiburg - supervision of asset management in the Catholic dioceses and parishes - law on asset management; election of church leaders; Service instructions for the church councils; exercise of state supervision; collection of church taxes - Protestant church - Church conditions of Protestant residents; remuneration of pastors; collections to support poor Protestant congregations and theology students; Church councils; holding and localities for the divine service; Protestant inner mission - Jewish community of faith - Jewish cult relations - School system - Secondary schools - Personnel matters; Behaviour of teachers; Relationship of the Hedingen Gymnasium to the Archbishop of Freiburg - Elementary schools - Personal matters, v. a. Disciplinary investigations; municipal education; school commissioners and school inspectors; foundation of Protestant community schools; law on the maintenance of public elementary schools - cashier's offices - cash registers and banks Planned establishment of banks; annual reports of the Stetten salt mine and revision of the salt works fund - budget, salaries and pensions - debts Memorandum on the repayment of the high customs debts of the province; raising of a state loan - disposition fund - personal files

Includes: "The Dictator Sulla and the Present", 1920; "The Mummy Robber. Egyptian Narrative", o.Dat.; "The Oasis of the False Prophet. African adventure of new times", without date; "Mystery of the Kassai. A pocket report using the records of the Wissmann expedition", o.Dat.; "The Mystery of Lake Zuai. Narrative from Abyssinia", o.Dat.; "The Foundation of German Southwest Africa. How Germany's second largest overseas property came into being", o.Dat.

I. Introduction1) On the history of the Rautenstrauch-Joest-MuseumWilhelm Joest was born in Cologne on 15 March 1852 as the son of the merchant Eduard Joest. After studying natural sciences in Bonn, Heidelberg and Berlin, he travelled to Africa, America and the South Seas. When he died on 25.11.1897 on the island of Ureparapara in the South Seas, he left behind an ethnographic collection comprising about 3,400 list numbers. This collection, which formed the basis of the museum, was accepted by the City Council on 16 February 1899 as a gift from the married couple Eugen Rautenstrauch and Adele Rautenstrauch at Joest, - she was Wilhelm Joest's sister - for the Natural History Museum. After the death of Eugen Rautenstrauch on 18.5.1900, Adele Rautenstrauch donated 250,000 Marks to the City of Cologne for the construction of a museum and another 25,000 Marks for the appointment of a museum director. The city council adopted these foundations on 9.8.1900. After the death of Adele Rautenstrauch on 30.12.1903, her heirs increased the building capital for the museum by 180,000 Marks. This donation was subject to the condition that the respective head of the Rautenstrauch family or, in his absence, another member of the Rautenstrauch family to be presented to the city by the family should have a seat and vote in the municipal commission of the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum. The city council assembly accepted this foundation on 13.5.1904. Joest's collections found their first accommodation in the Bayenturm in 1901. The office was located in a neighbouring harbour building. Later, parts of the collections, which had increased considerably in the meantime due to other donations, as well as the office had to be moved to the old Quatermarktschule. The collections, however, gained such a size in the following years through further donations that the space was soon no longer sufficient here either. This is why the completion of the museum building in 1906, which was begun according to the designs of architect Edwin Crones in the spring of 1904, came just in time. The ceremonial inauguration took place on November 12 of the same year, 1918, when the English occupying forces settled in the building of the State United Mechanical Engineering School Cologne, Ubierring 48. As a result, the mechanical engineering school was relocated to the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum for a short time in 1919. A "quartering", which should last longer, took place by the opening of the Kammerspiele on 24.10.1948. The Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum survived the bombing raids during the Second World War quite lightly, because only the north wing and the rear wing had been destroyed by bomb hits. After provisional repairs after the end of the war (Kammerspiele), the final reconstruction of the destroyed parts began in the spring of 1963. The completion of the shell of the north wing took place in 1964. From 1965 onwards, the museum was closed due to the construction work both in the old building and on the new part until its ceremonial opening on the 7th of July.Since the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum was more dependent on private than public aid at the time of its foundation, the Verein zur Förderung des Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museums was founded on 17.5.1904 on the initiative of Adele Rautenstrauch's heirs. On 28.2.1951 the association was renamed "Gesellschaft für Völkerkunde" (Society for Ethnology). 1909 saw the first publication of its own series, the "Ethnologica", on behalf of the Society for the Promotion of the Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum. The respective director of the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum acts as editor on behalf of the Association or the Society for Ethnology.2List of museum directors with terms of office - Willi Foy ( 27.11.1873, † 01.03.1929)01.10.1901 - 1925- Fritz Graebner ( 04.04.1877, † 13.07.1934)1925 - 1928- Julius Lips ( 08.09.1895, † 21.01.)1950)1928 - April 1933- Andreas Scheller 1933 - June 1940 ( 08.05.1894, † 25.3.1977 in Schwalmstadt-Ziegenhain)(provisional director (dismissed from the service of the City of Cologne on 31.12.1940)- Martin Heydrich ( 29.12.1889, † 08.02.1969)1. July 1940 - 1945- Friedrich Wilhelm Funke ( 21.06.1921)(director) 1945 - 1948- Martin Heydrich1948 - 31.12.1960- Willy Fröhlich ( 30.10.1906, † 04.09.1971)01.01.1961 - 04.09.1971- Axel Freiherr von Gagern01.12.1971 - 31.12.1978- Gisela Völger ( 28.04.1937)01.10.1979 - 27.04.20003 Sources and LiteratureContent 505, Museum Administration, No. 43Content 47 - 51, Art and Popular Education, No. 5, 53, 54, 56, 248, 250, 251, 252, 285, 286Willy Foy. Guide to the Rautenstrauch-Joest Museum. (Museum für Völkerkunde der Stadt Cöln.) Köln, 1908.Verwaltungsberichte der Stadt Köln.4. Aktenübernahme und OrdnungverfahrenThe files of the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum reached the archive under Accession 404 on 05.04.1976 with a three-page delivery list The delivery list describes only summarily the subject of the files packed in 11 cartons. After completion of the indexing work and the structuring in January 1984, 108 volumes of files were still found in the heating cellar of the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum. This delivery came on 22.02.1984 in the Archivon it received no own Accessionsnummer, but was immediately registered and into the structure already provided worked in. The files date back to the period between 1901 and 1971, with the bulk of the archival material originating between 1950 and 1970. Martin Heydrich's hand-files had been mixed with the "General Correspondence". In July 1940 Heydrich was appointed full professor for the newly established chair of ethnology at the University of Cologne. He also took over the management of the Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum. These Handakten essentially refer to his activities as Ordinarius for Ethnology and as editor of the journal "Ethnologischer Anzeiger". The reference files were extracted from the "General Correspondence" and placed as a separate group at the end of the index under the number L.Under the "General Correspondence, Series" there is also correspondence relating to the purchase, exchange and donation of ethnographics and literature, as well as vice versa correspondence of general content in the purchase and exchange files. After the removal from the Leitz files and the removal of metal parts, the files were listed according to numerus currens. The filing within the correspondent series with museums, institutes and scientific societies was quite arbitrary. Within a volume, correspondence is filed under the location of the institute or society as well as under the name of the institute. 614 boxes comprise 37 boxes. 13 m; 655 files.

Contains:1921 June 3 - Berlin: Minutes of the Establishment of a Committee for Catholic Schools Abroad within the RKA.11/2 S., copy of Masch.-Schreiben.1923 Febr. 17 - Berlin: Marx transmits to the Bishops the Call and the List of Honorary Committees for the Comp. For Faith and Folklore Donation of German Catholics at the Border and Abroad. Eh. Signature.1 S., Vervielf.In the Annex the Call, 1 S., Vervielf., the List of Honorary Committees, 1 S., copy of Masch.-Schreiben und Druck.1923 Febr. 23 - Hans Hartenfels b. Duisburg: Peter Klöckner writes to Marx that he has not signed calls for a long time. After all, his brother has already signed. Due to the blockade of mail, telephone and telegraph, things are going badly in the occupied territory; moreover, all cars were confiscated. But by the way, there is a firm will here to hold out for everyone without exception, and therefore the great displeasures are accepted. The workers are employed, although there can hardly be any talk of dispatch and supply. The unoccupied area must above all ensure the provision of food for the population. As long as I have been active, I have never seen such a strong will of the whole population. Unfortunately, we will have to prepare for a long time. I'm afraid the fight will take longer than half a year. Eh. Signature.P/, S., masch.-schriftl. Ausf., personal head sheets.1923 Febr. 26 - Munich: Min. Present. v. Knilling informs Marx that he has submitted a report to the Honorary Committee on ECR. For Faith and Folklore and transfers 10000 RM. Eh. Signature.1/2 p., mechanical typeface, headbow, Der Bayer. Min.-Präs.'1923 Febr. 28 - Berlin: RK Cuno asks Marx, after consultation with Brauns, for further news about the preparatory work of Slg. Then he will decide whether to join the honorary committee. Eh. Signature.1 S., mach.-typ. edition, head bow 'Der RK'.1923 March 2 - Munich: H. Held notifies Marx that he will gladly join the honorary committee and will transfer 5000,- M. Eh. Signature.1/2 p., mach.-typewritten copy, headed sheet, Der 1. Vors. der Fraktion der Bayer. Volkspartei'.1923 March 12 - Bamberg: Auxiliary Bishop Senger transmits unnamed (light?) files with greetings to Marx. Eh. Signature.1/2 half page, eh. 1923 March 14 - Berlin: Teacher H. Meier transmits a letter from Father Sonnenschein to Cardinal Bertram to Marx. It emphasizes that there is not a single Catholic in the Reich Committee of the VDA and that there must be a front against it. The signature of Cuno is valuable for the soon to be published call. Eh. Signature.2 half pages, eh. Ausf.1923 May 7 ~ Breslau: The prince-bishop informs Marx that the VDA, Landesverband Bayern, on 26. 4. by the university rector of Würzburg at the Würzburg Ordinariat has defended itself against the accusation of imparity of use of its means. Marx is asked to provide material for a detailed reply in order to remove the suspicion that the action brought is unfounded. Eh. Signature: i. A. Blaeschler.1 S., machine-printed version, head bow. Conception paraphe N(egwer?). Receiving stamp of the prince-bishop delegation Berlin of 14. 5. with paraphe D(eitmer).1923 May - Breslau: The prince-bishop curia informs Marx in writing m. d. B. about statement a letter of the ordinariate Passau to cardinal Bertram. After that, the Bayer. In 1922 the VDA sent prayer books to 17 congregations in South Tyrol, and the VDA was informed that Cardinal Schulte, Bishop Berning, Vicar Gen. Buchberger and President Prälat Kreuz were members of its executive board. The Passau Ordinariate asks Cardinal Bertram to inform it of facts which have led to a violation of Catholic interests in recent years and which show the Association's participation in the efforts of the Losvon-Rome Movement at that time. Eh. Signature: Blaeschler.11/2 p., machine-written version, head bow. Date of receipt of the prince-bishop's delegation from Berlin and date of submission from Man: 11. 5. 1923. Eh. Letter from Marx to GS m. d. B. for news about what had happened, enclosing the following two letters:1923 May 3 - Würzburg: Gen.-Vikar Weidinger transmits a letter from Bayer to Cardinal Bertram. VDA Regional Association to the Rector of Würzburg University, Prof. Ruland, on 26 April. Marx may procure the necessary documents for an answer to this and may forward these also to Gen. vicar Budlberger Munich. Gez. Signature.1 S., mach.-typewritten copy.1923 April 26 - Munich: The Bavarian Association of the VDA refers Prof. Dr. Ludwig Ruland-Würzburg, who helped the speaker of the association Hlawna in 1921 and who was himself active for the association, to the Würzburg Diocesan Gazette 14, where he refers to the Collection of the Diocesan Documents of the Würzburg Diocese. The VDA is not only aware of the 'faith and folklore', but at the same time reproaches are made against the VDA. Our point of view towards these accusations is that we are very pleased when other sides also work for the common cause of the German nation abroad. We believe, however, that the best service to this cause will be rendered if the individual associations do not fight each other, but walk quietly side by side. Ruland may the Würzburg Ordinariat point out to the religious neutrality of the association. Gen. vicar Buchberger did not approve of the attacks on the VDA and did not have them printed in the Munich Diözesanblatt. The VDA has been collecting particularly enthusiastically for 2 years; the local groups have risen from 29 to 160 and the number of members from 2300 to 31 000; 30000 pupils have been registered. Card. v. Paulhaber has supported interdenominational charity events that include the protestant. The Church President advocated the necessity of a union of the Christian denominations for charitable purposes. The VDA was founded in 1881 by the Kuraten v. Proweis on the Nonsberge Pranz X. Mitterer and was already co-led 2 decades ago by Prälat Werthmann. Cardinal Schulte, Bishop Berning and Vicar Gen. Buchberger, President Kreutz and P. Sonnenschein are members of the main committee of the VDA. The cath. influence at the VDA (is therefore) very big, especially since no prominent representative of protestant. clubs is represented in the same. The majority of the foreign Germans in Bukovina, Bessarabia, Bohemia, Moravia, South Tyrol, Northern Hungary are Catholics, and these areas are mainly Protestant. Saxony and Thuringia. It would therefore be a great damage for the Catholic cause if our association were to be blown up by the foreign donation of German Catholics to create its own protestant. I would be called to task. A number of Catholic elementary schools received grants from the VDA and a not insignificant number of clergymen received allowances on their salaries; study grants went to boy seminarians, theology and school office candidates in South Tyrol. The state association of Bavaria has burdened itself with 18 million RM in debt through the procurement of kath' prayer books. In view of Mussolini's ruthless approach in South Tyrol, where German is spoken by Italy. If the individual associations have been replaced by clergy and many only German-speaking inhabitants of the congregations have to do without sermon and confession, they should not fight each other but work side by side for the same goal. Gez. Signature: v. Witzleben, deputy chairman 4 pp., machine-written copy, attached: Excerpt from Würzburg Diocesan Gazette No. 14 of 26 March 1923 for 'Faube und Volkstum', 1/2 pp. machine-written copy; also: Advertising address of the Collection of the Holy Sepulchre No. 14 of 26 March 1923 for 'Faith und Volkstum', 1/2 pp. (192)3 May 18: Marx explains to Prelate Kreutz that various national federations of the VDA had agreed on the S1g. They complain and deny that the Catholic interests have been "unequally and unwillingly treated" by the VDA. Marx knows about the old accusation that the VDA favors the Sim(ultan)-8chulen. Kreutz may be helpful with documents that make a special S1g. of Catholics appear justified.1 S., copy of Masch.-Schreiben, without certification. In the bill: Simoniten-Schulen.1923 May 22 - Freiburg: Kreutz means to Marx that from the advertising letter for 'Faith and Volkstum' perhaps an accusation against the VDA can be presumed. An objection has been raised from Munich against a corresponding announcement in the Passauer Verordnungsblatt. In the 4 years of board membership Kreutz had no reason to complain about imparity, but could only attend board meetings regularly while he was living in Berlin. In 1920 and 1921, respectively, Cardinal Schulte and Bishop Berning were elected to the committee with great pleasure; the latter currently participates in the VDA's genealogical slurry in Hamburg. In recent years, the VDA's head office has probably been far away from a tendentious management. The spirit in the rather independent regional associations depended on the influence of the Catholic members. Admittedly, Catholics used to be indifferent to the association and left foreign schools to it. That any clergymen became active is therefore not to be reproached to them. That from that side, in the spirit of Hakatism, German was perhaps often confused with Protestant, we have already experienced elsewhere with the possible clergy. In an interview on 1. and 2. 5. Admiral Seebohm recognized for the central management of the VDA the right of its own cath. 81g. There won't be much penetrating material to gather for full evidence. The VDA has long replaced the leaders of the pre-war era. Kreutz it is inexplicable that as the oldest Catholic board member in the VDA he was not informed of the 81g plan. In the RT he tried to reach Marx in vain. P. Sonnenschein has travelled to Italy and has independently regulated his deputy in the RKA without the board. It would have been better if this association had made the 81g. with an extended action committee. Eh. Signature.21/2 p., masch.-schriftl. Ausf., Kopfbogen 'Der Präs. d. Dt. Caritasverbandes'.1923 May 24: Marx writes to Cardinal Bertram that his statements of 13 May are based on the observations made by P. Sonnenschein in the executive committee of the VDA. Despite his eager efforts, he was unable to gain any insight into the management of the company. He suspected behind it intention, particularly since he was not able to increase the number of the catholic board membersj of 20 board members 2 are catholic; of it prelate Kreutz can hardly become active because of his Freiburg residence. The VDA has asked a board member of the Slg. to provide accounting evidence that the Catholics have been duly taken into account in the distribution of support. The Ordinariates may therefore inform the complainants that the negotiations between the VDA and the Slgs management had led to the expectation of a clarification.11/2 p., copy of Masch.-Schreiben, without certification.(192)3 May 30: Marx writes to Gen.-Vikar Buchberger that the Landesverband Bayern of the VDA is in agreement on the Slg. "For faith and folklore. In recommendations of ordinariates, reference has been made to the unparity of authority of Catholics by the VDA. Marx wants it to appear that the VDA in Bavaria is taking a different path than the Prussian. In any case, before the war, the VDA preferred only the simultaneous school abroad; he was also a leader in the Los von Rome movement. It may not have been the fault of our side that we did not participate enough in the efforts of the association and tried to keep influence on the management. That has undoubtedly changed in recent years. Marx would like a judgment on the attitude of the Landesverband Bayern.P/, S., copy of Masch.-Schreiben, without certification.1923 June 4 - Munich: Buchberger to Marx: "I am very happy to be able to talk to you about caring for foreign dentists. I am a co-founder of the RKA myself. Occasionally, when this association was founded, the president of the VDA came to me and reproached me for having founded a competition. I have very seriously discussed my reasons for this with him, namely the role the club played in the Los-von-Rom movement and in the equation of German and Protestant. The situation has changed since then. In spite of all attempts - so still with the last Katholikentag - the catholic organization does not want to win right strength and life and influence for the care for the foreign Dt. Only a few weeks after the foundation of our association for Catholics abroad, the war took away the soul of Count Preysing, who was killed in Frkr. He did not receive a successor who would have time and sense for the work of the association. On the other hand, at the head of the Bavarian regional association of the VDA, there is a good Catholic who not only takes care of his association, but would also fulfill every wish for me. I have therefore had no reservations about joining the VDA myself under the changed circumstances at the request of Prof. Dr. Deuerling. As the situation in Bavaria is, there really would be no reason to take a stand against the VDA in any way; one can regret that this happened without first examining the situation more closely. Buchberger encloses a letter from Deuerling, to which Marx may find a friendly word to write good. Eh. Signature.2 S., eh. Ausf., head bow 'Das Ordinariat des Erzbistums München-Freysing'.[192]3 June 28: Marx answers Buchberger that the conditions in Bavaria are different than in Prussia. The circular of 'Faith and Folklore' is, however, only from the knowledge of the Prussians. conditions have emerged. Only the prelates Werthmann and Kreutz were able to gain an insight into the VDA's business practices. In the future the cath. interests will be probably better considered there. The VDA has offered to provide proof of sufficient consideration of Catholic interests. From time to time Marx would like to recognize Prof. Deuerling for the achievements of the bayer, VDA. On the Catholic side, everything must be done to be present in the large organizations; in the past, it was probably not always ridiculous in this respect. Much of what is lamented on our part may not have been brought about by ourselves through the development of things without our fault.11/% S., copy of Masch.-Schreiben, without certification.1923 July 9 - Munich: The Bavarian Association of the VDA writes to the Ordinariate in Passau that it is the high kirdll. The body which sent the note complained of has become known in the meantime. Like the Passau Ordinariate, the office repeated the indications of 'faith and folklore' without its own knowledge of the facts in good faith. These have not yet been proven. The VDA, however, has endeavoured to clarify the error in good faith. Among the misleaders are persons who have a precise insight into the activities of the VDA's Board of Directors. The bavarian. Landesverband works almost exclusively for the Catholic Germans abroad; he feels badly damaged by the note spread by the Ordinariates. In the negotiations between VDA and 'faith and folklore' nothing will come out, since the latter is to be denied serious will, 'faith' where they have a young settlement, 3 years ago a benevolent consul v. Lenz officiated, who was soon transferred to Rome. A Jude Neumayer, I believe a wealthy Viennese merchant, now manages the German consulate with his talkative wife. His administration is lamented by the Catholic Germans as lacking understanding. When an elderly German woman in Turin went insane, Neumayer said to the sisters, "Take this person into your house, put a nun's cap on him, and let this person work for you". During the war, the German interests of the Swiss

History of the inventory collector: Founded in January 1920 in Halle to represent the scientific and wirtschaft‧lichen interests of the German universities and university teachers; renamed Reichsverband der deutschen Hochschulen 1933; dissolved in 1935. Inventory description: Founded in January 1920 in Halle (Saale) to represent the scientific and economic interests of the German universities and university teachers; renamed Reichsverband der deutschen Hochschulen 1933; dissolved in 1935. State of development: Online Findbuch 2004 Scope, Explanation: 1234 AE Citation method: BArch, R 8088/...

History of the Inventory Designer: The Constitution of the German Reich of 16 April 1871, as well as the Constitution of the North German Confederation of 1867, contained no more detailed provisions on the design of the Reich Administration. Only the Reich Chancellor was the only responsible minister of the German Reich with constitutional rank. How he should fulfil his duties and tasks, on the other hand, remained largely undefined and left to the concrete will of the respective office holder. Because of this constitutional indeterminacy, the Reich level of the administration of the German Empire was bound to the character of the improvised and sometimes also the unstable until the end of the German Empire. At first it actually seemed as if Bismarck, as the only minister of the Reich, wanted to work with only one central, unified administrative authority. The Federal Chancellery, on whose organisation its later President Rudolf Delbrück had exerted considerable influence, began its work in 1867 as the office of the Federal Chancellor and was continued in the expansion of the North German Confederation into the German Reich under the name of the Reich Chancellery. The responsibilities of the Office were comprehensive and included the function of an office for the standing committees of the Federal Council, the handling of the revenues and expenditures of the Confederation and the preparation of the presidential bills. With the foundation of the German Reich, the Imperial Chancellery also took over the direct administration of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine and the Reichseisenbahnen. Karl Hofmann, the President of the Reich Chancellery, was instructed by decree of 6 August 1877 to prepare for the creation of a special office which would take care of all the affairs of the Reich Chancellor for which he had "previously used forces of the Foreign Office for spatial reasons". Hofmann's submission of 29 Nov. 1877 then also provided for the establishment of such a central office under the designation "Special Office of the Reich Chancellor", but placed this office in the budget of the Reich Chancellery. However, Hofmann did not succeed in this attempt to fortify the position of his office again. Although Bismarck agreed with Hofmann's proposals concerning the internal organisation and salary classification of the staff in his new office, he changed the name of the new post to "Centralbureau" on the basis of his own hand. More important than this change in the nomenclature, however, was the fact that Bismarck, by decree of 16 December 1877, called on Hofmann to draw up a special budget for an independent authority not incorporated into the Imperial Chancellery. The draft of a "Budget for the Imperial Chancellor and his Central Office for the Budget Year 1878/79" provided funds for the salaries of a speaking council, an expediting secretary, a clerical secretary and a clerical servant. The new authority was to take its seat in the former Palais Radziwill in Wilhelmstraße 77; the Imperial Chancellor was also to move into an official residence there. Bismarck requested with Immediatbericht of 16 May 1878 from Wilhelm I. the permission for the constitution of the new office, which should be called Reich Chancellery, because this designation might correspond "most exactly to the position and the tasks of the same". Christoph von Tiedemann, who had been Bismarck's closest collaborator since 1876 and was therefore familiar with the habits of the Reich Chancellor to the best of his ability, became head of the Reich Chancellery. Under his leadership, the Reich Chancellery actually developed into a political relay station in the centre of the political decision-making structure, whose function was also recognised by the State Secretaries of the Reich Offices. Under constitutional law, the Reich Chancellery was never more than the office of the Reich Chancellor, which "had to mediate the official dealings of the latter with the heads of the individual departments". The office character is expressed not least in the official rank of the head of the Reich Chancellery and the very limited staff until the end of the imperial era. It was not until 1907 that the head of the Reich Chancellery was elevated to the rank of Undersecretary of State and thus placed on an equal footing with the senior officials of the Reich Offices. Although the number of employees grew from originally four in 1878 to 19 in 1908 and continued to rise to 25 in 1918 due to the requirements of the First World War, the Reich Chancellery never even came close to the number of staff of a Reich Office. The private and representative affairs of the Reich Chancellor were handled by the special office of the Reich Chancellor, which continued to reside in the Foreign Office even after the establishment of the Reich Chancellery. With the beginning of the First World War, a joint branch office of the Reich Chancellery and the Foreign Office was established at the Great Headquarters under the name "Formation Reichskanzler und Auswärtiges Amt". This branch existed until the end of the war. A permanent representative was here to represent the interests of the Reich Chancellor when he was in Berlin. In the Reich Chancellery, on the other hand, the Undersecretary of State ran the business if the Reich Chancellor was in the headquarters. In February 1917 a permanent representative of the Reich Chancellor was installed at the Supreme Army Command in order to get a better grip on the continuing disagreements between Reich Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg and the 3rd Supreme Army Command under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. His task was to keep the Supreme Army Command constantly informed about the policy of the Reich Administration. With the forced abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II and the resignation of Reich Chancellor Max von Baden, business was transferred to the Council of People's Representatives on 11 Nov. 1918, which temporarily exercised the function of an imperial government until the government of Philipp Scheidemann took office on 19 February 1919. From 9 November 1918 to 3 March 1919, the head of the Reich Chancellery was the journalist Curt Baake. After the Weimar parliamentary democracy was established, the position of the Reich Chancellor also changed, as did that of the Reich Chancellery. While the Imperial Chancellor was no longer the only Imperial Minister, as he was in the Empire, he, as Chairman of the Imperial Government, determined the political guidelines in accordance with Articles 55 and 56 of the Imperial Constitution, through which he was able to exert a decisive influence on the fate of the Empire. His authority to issue directives was, of course, restricted by constitutional law and political practice to a considerable extent, for it had to be brought into line politically with the powers of other organs provided for in the Reich Constitution. These were less the Reichsrat, which as a permanent conference of delegates of the state governments had only limited powers in the field of legislation and administration and whose significance cannot be compared with that of the Bundesrat of the Kaiserreich, than the other two constitutional organs: Reichstag and Reichspräsident. With the change of the position of the Reich Chancellor in the Weimar Republic, the tasks of the Reich Chancellery also increased. The Reich Chancellery remained, as in the imperial period, the office of the Reich Chancellor for his dealings with the constitutional organs, now the Reich President, the Reichstag, the Reich Council and the individual Reich Ministers. The State Secretary in the Reich Chancellery took part in the cabinet meetings, informed the Reich Chancellor about the current fundamental issues of politics as a whole, accompanied him at all important conferences in Germany and abroad, observed the formation of opinion in parliament, the press, coordinated legislative work with the Reich parties on his behalf, and gave a lecture to the Reich Chancellor himself. The Reich Chancellery was also represented by a member in the above-mentioned intergroup meetings, in which the most important decisions of the Cabinet were discussed in advance with the party and parliamentary group leaders. She made sure that, despite the constant tensions in the constantly changing coalitions, the objective work of the Reich's departments continued. he preparation of the collegiate decisions and the reliable monitoring of their implementation, two of the Reich Chancellery's main tasks, was of particular importance in this respect. The necessary consequence of these increased tasks was an increase in the number of departments in the Reich Chancellery from three (as of 1910) to eight (as of 1927) and in the number of civil servants from 20 before the outbreak of the First World War. Formally, the Reich Chancellery had various offices attached to it, which were either directly subordinated to it, such as the Reich Headquarters for Homeland Service, or under the direct control of the Reich Chancellor. When, after the death of the Reich President von Hindenburg, the Reich Chancellor took over the powers and rights of the head of state of the German Reich by the Law of August 1, 1934 - including the supreme command of the Wehrmacht - and thus united the office of Reich President with the office of Reich Chancellor in his person, this also had an effect on his relationship with the Reich government. As head of state, Hitler had the right to appoint and dismiss the Reich Ministers without having to wait for the proposal of the Reich Chancellor, as the Reich President had done. The Reichsminister were therefore completely dependent on him. According to the Reich Law of 16 October 1934 on the Oath of the Reich Ministers and Members of the State Governments, the formula of which was later also incorporated into the German Civil Servants Law of 26 January 1937, they were obliged to loyalty and obedience to him. The Führer principle of the NSDAP now also applied to the Reich government, whose members the "Führer und Reichskanzler," as Hitler was called after the decree to the Reich Minister of the Interior of August 2, 1934, only had to advise in inner-German dealings, but were now also legally obliged to submit to his will in case of a dissenting opinion. This meant that the Reichskabinett was no longer a decision-making body in which the Reich Chancellor could possibly have been majorized, but rather a "Führerrat", which only had to advise the head of government. It was planned to also fix this changed position of the Reich Chancellor vis-à-vis the Reich government in law, an intention which, at Hitler's request, was postponed in the cabinet meeting of 26 January 1937, particularly with regard to foreign countries, until the creation of a new Basic Law. The above-mentioned concentration of state tasks on the Führer and Reich Chancellor naturally also had an effect on the responsibilities of the Reich Chancellery. Thus, for example, the Enabling Act already brought about a certain increase in tasks for them, because the laws passed by the Reich government were no longer to be drawn up and promulgated by the Reich President, but by the Reich Chancellor, and the fewest laws were still passed in the ordinary legislative process, through the Reichstag, but went the second legislative process described above, or were passed as Führer decrees or ordinances - without the participation of the Cabinet. The strengthened position of the head of the Reich Chancellery was conspicuous externally in the fact that the documents of government laws signed by Hitler and co-signed by the participating Reich Minister now always also bore the co-signature of the Reich Minister and head of the Reich Chancellery, who thus assumed responsibility for the proper course of the legislative process. After the establishment of the Council of Ministers for the Defence of the Reich at the end of August 1939, the signature of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers for the Defence of the Reich was also necessary in second place behind that of Hitler. In addition, the head of the Reich Chancellery also signed all the Führer decrees with legislative content and, if necessary - which never occurred - the Reichstag laws and the laws enacted on the basis of the "Volksgesetzgebung" (People's Legislation). The increasing workload of Hitler, who in addition to the powers of the Reich Chancellor and the Reich President also exercised supreme command over the Wehrmacht, meant that the cabinet meetings gradually ceased. In addition, the Reich Chancellor, who could no longer be informed by the Reich Ministers united in the cabinet about the completion of individual tasks in the departments, was increasingly dependent on information from the head of the Reich Chancellery. The task of selecting from the wealth of information supplied and processed those suitable for presentation to the Reich Chancellor and of deciding whether Hitler's intervention in certain matters appeared necessary was therefore the responsibility of the head of the Reich Chancellery, who granted him another key position in the leadership apparatus of the state civilian sector. The Reichsminister also had the opportunity to give individual lectures directly to the Reich Chancellor. But Hitler also made less and less use of this, so that the head of the Reich Chancellery practically advised him alone, which strengthened his position vis-à-vis the specialist ministers, who tried in vain to reach certain agreements among themselves through private meetings, especially towards the end of the war. The office of the Reich President, renamed "Präsidialkanzlei" and renamed "Präsidialkanzlei des Führers und Reichskanzlers" by decree of the Führer and Reich Chancellor of 1 December 1937, remained responsible for the handling of all matters concerning the head of state even after the merger of the offices of the Reich President and the Reich Chancellor.B. the preparation of ceremonial receptions of foreign heads of state, princes and statesmen, the receipt of letters of attestation and recall from foreign diplomats, congratulations and condolences from the head of state, the processing of petitions in matters of grace and the entire title and religious order system. On the other hand, the political affairs in which, in addition to the decision of the Reich government, the decision of the head of the Reich was also necessary, were now taken care of by the Reich Chancellery, as was the preparation of political decisions, which up to then had to be made by the head of state, such as the enactment of organizational decrees, which were now the sole responsibility of the Reich Chancellery. Although the documents of appointment and dismissal for the higher Reich officials were still to be submitted to Hitler for execution by the office of the head of state, i.e. now by the head of the presidential chancellery, the responsible ministers and the Reich Chancellery were responsible for the factual and political preparation. Inventory description: Inventory history The day after the Reich Chancellery was established, on 19 May 1878, the expediting secretary in the Foreign Office, Hans Rudolf Sachse, who shortly afterwards began his service as a registrar in the new Reich authority, presented the draft of a registry order for the Reich Chancellery to the lecturing council of Tiedemann. His "basic features for the book and file keeping at the Reich Chancellery" were obviously based on the experience of the Foreign Office's records administration. The records were initially stored loosely in shelves in the registry, probably lying from the outset in the provided and already inscribed file covers. If a file unit had reached a thickness of 2 - 3 cm, it was provided with a linen back and another dust jacket and formed into a tape by means of thread stitching. This organisation of written records proved to be sufficient and practicable for a long series of years. With the gradual further development of the functions and activities of the Reich Chancellery, and as a result of the development of constitutional law and administrative organization in the Reich and in the federal states, however, it had to appear in need of change over time. At the turn of the century it was therefore decided to introduce a more differentiated file system, which came into force on 1 January 1900. The state's new beginning on 13 February 1919, the day on which Cabinet Scheidemann took office, brought a continuous cut in the registry of the Reich Chancellery. The entire file inventory was transferred to the old filing system and new files were created. The 30th of January meant a noticeable, but not sharp cut in the records administration of the Reich Chancellery. In order to start a new filing layer on this day, numerous files were removed from the current filing system, stapled and repositioned in the old filing system. They were replaced by new volumes. However, this only happened if the running band was filled to some extent anyway; if this was not the case, it was continued. In any case, the band counting began again with the number 1, although the series from the Weimar period continued seamlessly. The file structure, however, was left unchanged, and thread-stitching generally remained the same; standing files were used for the first time only for newly created series. In addition to the files kept in the registry, other records were also handed down by the fact that the Reich Chancellors and senior officials of the Reich Chancellery did not have handwritten records, personal papers, and a large part of their private correspondence filed in the registry, but as a rule kept them in their offices. It was not uncommon for such documents to be taken along when leaving office. Thus the estates of the Reich Chancellors Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Bülow, Hertling and Luther as well as of the chiefs of the Reich Chancellery Rottenburg and Pünder, which are kept in the Federal Archives, almost regularly contain official or semi-official documents in addition to private records, which have arisen from the exercise of official functions. The fact that the files of the Lammers Minister's Office have remained in the inventory is a consequence of their joint outsourcing with the inventory towards the end of the Second World War. In other cases, files of Reich Chancellors and senior officials with material on specific issues, with documents for conferences, meetings, etc., were handed over to the registry for safekeeping as soon as they were no longer needed and assigned to the relevant subject series as supplements. As a result, such hand files are scattered over the inventory, e.g. the hand files for the series "Execution of the Peace Treaty, Reparations" in the group "Foreign Affairs". The secret files of the Reich Chancellery formed another complex of documents separate from the registry holdings, the content, scope and structure of which unfortunately are not known in detail. According to the information available in the Federal Archives, they were probably burned before the end of the war by members of the Reich Chancellery in accordance with the decree of the Reich Minister of the Interior to the Reich Defence Commissioners of 12 October 1944 concerning "Behaviour of the Authorities in the Event of Enemy Occupation"[85] Individual fragments of secret files, which probably accidentally escaped annihilation and were in the inventory, were listed in the present find book at the end of the section "Files of the Minister's Office". In Potsdam, with a few exceptions, there are those old files of the Reich Chancellery from the period 1878 - 1919 which had been removed from the current registry in mid-February 1919 and deposited in an old file file. The Reichsarchiv had only been able to take it over in 1937 or 1938, after earlier efforts in vain. Only the old files of the service administration, including the personnel files, remained in the Authority. During the Second World War, the holdings of the Reich Archives, together with other archival materials, were moved to the Staßfurt salt mine near Magdeburg, where they fell into the hands of the Red Army in 1945. It was taken to the Soviet Union and 10 years later, in July 1955, handed over to the German Central Archive (renamed the "Central State Archive of the GDR" in 1973) in Potsdam. There it formed the inventory 07. 01. The inventory division into four departments was retained. In addition to the former Reichsarchiv holdings, the Central State Archives also kept about 800 individual records of the registry from the years 1933 - 1945, which were presumably found in the Wilhelmstraße office building. The majority of the Reichskanzleiakten from the years 1919 - 1945 as well as the old files of the office administration had been in Berlin only until the last phase of the war. As the situation in and around Berlin worsened, they were relocated to southern Germany, where they were confiscated by American troops in 1945. Via the Ministerial Collecting Center in Hessisch-Lichtenau and Fürstenhagen near Kassel, the central collection point for all material found by the Americans in their occupation zone[90], they reached the Berlin Documents Unit at the beginning of 1946. Here they - like other German files stored there - were evaluated for investigations against leading personalities from the state, the party and other areas of public life in preparation for war crimes trials. During the Berlin blockade in the summer of 1948, the files united in the Documents Unit were transferred to Whaddon Hall near Bletchley in the southern English county of Buckinghamshire. The files of the Reich Chancellery were stored there until 1958 and were provisionally arranged, recorded and selected for filming. In addition to the tradition of the Federal Foreign Office, which is primarily relevant, they also served as the basis for the edition of files on German foreign policy, which was initially edited exclusively by Anglo-Saxon and French historians. These files finally reached the Federal Archives in two transports in December 1958 and January 1959, a remainder at the end of April 1959. Here they form the listed holdings R 43 I, II. Archivische Bearbeitung During the provisional arrangement and indexing of the files of the Reich Chancellery from the years 1919 - 1945 in Whaddon Hall, the editors proceeded from two partial holdings. One of them essentially covered the tradition of the Weimar period, the other mainly the files from the period after 30 January 1933; they were briefly referred to as the "Old" and "New" Reich Chancelleries. As mentioned above, this division had already taken place in January/February 1933 in the Reich Chancellery and had been maintained during the relocation of the files during the war and after their confiscation. In the course of the processing, it was refrained from restoring the consistent arrangement of the file groups in both partial holdings, e.g. according to the alphabet of the group titles as they had existed in the registry of the Reich Chancellery. Only the registry connections within the groups that were presumably largely lost due to frequent relocations of the holdings were taken into account, whereby errors and mistakes were often made due to a lack of familiarity with the registry relationships and the file management of the Reich Chancellery. Nevertheless, it was possible to restore the mass of files to their original order with the help of the old signatures and tape numbers. Less satisfactorily, the classification of the not insignificant remnant of the tradition was resolved, which consisted of files of the minister's office, hand files of officials, secret file fragments, volumes with collections of circulars, circulars and press cuttings, registration aids, etc. Materials of this kind came to various places, especially at the end of both parts of the stock. In each part of the collection, the volumes were numbered consecutively. The distortion was also differentiated between the two partial stocks. The sequential number, the old signature and the runtime were included as formal specifications. In order to identify the contents of the file, the serial title was taken from the inscription of the file as the subject of the thread-stitched volumes, i.e. above all the files of the older part. In the case of standing folders, on the other hand, the titles of the individual transactions were entered in the list, as far as Rotuli was available with the corresponding information, and the subject series title was usually dispensed with. As a result, two very different lists were drawn up in terms of their degree of resolution. In the Federal Archives, these directories served for a long time as exclusive finding aids. This meant that the division into two parts, R 43 I (Old Reich Chancellery) and R 43 II (New Reich Chancellery), was retained. The consecutive numbering carried out in Waddon Hall also remained unchanged, since the files had already frequently been quoted in scientific publications afterwards. For conservation reasons, however, the documents stored in standing files and folders had to be transferred to archive folders; as a rule, two or three or sometimes more volumes were formed from the contents of one folder. This was necessary in order to separate files from various subject series that had been united in the Reich Chancellery and to form handy, not too extensive volumes. The volumes formed from the documents of a standing file, however, retained its serial number and were distinguished by the addition of letters (a, b, c, etc.). Within the volumes, the delimitation of the processes from each other, which had previously been recognizable by filing them in hanging binders, was marked by the insertion of separator sheets. On the other hand it turned out that 84 volumes from R 43 I and 205 volumes from R 43 II could not be separated and destroyed. The largest part (125 volumes) concerned the administration of the Aid Fund and the Disposition Fund of the Reich Chancellor; it consisted of individual files on the acceptance and use of donations from private sources, on the granting or refusal of support, other donations or gifts of honour to private individuals, associations and federations in emergencies, birthdays, anniversaries, events and on the occasion of the assumption of honorary sponsorships by the Reich Chancellor. The corresponding activity of the Reich Chancellery is already documented by several series in the groups "Reich Chancellor" and "Welfare" as well as by a number of files of the minister's office. The second largest group of documents collected (about 120 volumes) were files of the service administration. They mainly contained cash documents, invoices and receipts, company offers, correspondence with individual companies about deliveries and services for the Reich Chancellery as well as irrelevant documents about various house matters. The rest of the non-archival material consisted of volumes with multiple traditions and collections of official printed matter, in a few cases volumes containing only individual transmission letters. Finally, 44 volumes with documents of foreign provenances were removed from the holdings and assigned to other holdings, in some cases also to places outside the house. The majority of the documents are from the Community of Student Associations, which Reichsminister Dr. Lammers managed and whose business he had led through his office. Details are given in the Annex. The maps and plans, which were taken from the files for conservation reasons, were combined in the map archive to an independent group "Plan R 43 II". These are in particular planning breaks for the new building from the years 1943 ff. They are indexed by a separate index. The holdings of the Central State Archives (07.01) and the Federal Archives (R 43) were merged into holdings R 43 following the merger of the two archives in 1990. For the files of the Reich Chancellery from the years 1919 to 1945, a publication index was available since 1984, which also takes into account the files of this epoch kept in the Central State Archives until 1990. For the files of the "Old Reich Chancellery" (1878-1919), the Central State Archives had a finding aid book that had already been compiled in the Reich Archives. State of development: finding aids: publication find book (1984); online find book citation method: BArch, R 43-I/...

History of the Inventory Designer: The Constitution of the German Reich of 16 April 1871, as well as the Constitution of the North German Confederation of 1867, contained no more detailed provisions on the design of the Reich Administration. Only the Reich Chancellor was the only responsible minister of the German Reich with constitutional rank. How he should fulfil his duties and tasks, on the other hand, remained largely undefined and left to the concrete will of the respective office holder. Because of this constitutional indeterminacy, the Reich level of the administration of the German Empire was bound to the character of the improvised and sometimes also the unstable until the end of the German Empire. At first it actually seemed as if Bismarck, as the only minister of the Reich, wanted to work with only one central, unified administrative authority. The Federal Chancellery, on whose organisation its later President Rudolf Delbrück had exerted considerable influence, began its work in 1867 as the office of the Federal Chancellor and was continued in the expansion of the North German Confederation into the German Reich under the name of the Reich Chancellery. The responsibilities of the Office were comprehensive and included the function of an office for the standing committees of the Federal Council, the handling of the revenues and expenditures of the Confederation and the preparation of the presidential bills. With the foundation of the German Reich, the Imperial Chancellery also took over the direct administration of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine and the Reichseisenbahnen. Karl Hofmann, the President of the Reich Chancellery, was instructed by decree of 6 August 1877 to prepare for the creation of a special office which would take care of all the affairs of the Reich Chancellor for which he had "previously used forces of the Foreign Office for spatial reasons". Hofmann's submission of 29 Nov. 1877 then also provided for the establishment of such a central office under the designation "Special Office of the Reich Chancellor", but placed this office in the budget of the Reich Chancellery. However, Hofmann did not succeed in this attempt to fortify the position of his office again. Although Bismarck agreed with Hofmann's proposals concerning the internal organisation and salary classification of the staff in his new office, he changed the name of the new post to "Centralbureau" on the basis of his own hand. More important than this change in the nomenclature, however, was the fact that Bismarck, by decree of 16 December 1877, called on Hofmann to draw up a special budget for an independent authority not incorporated into the Imperial Chancellery. The draft of a "Budget for the Imperial Chancellor and his Central Office for the Budget Year 1878/79" provided funds for the salaries of a speaking council, an expediting secretary, a clerical secretary and a clerical servant. The new authority was to take its seat in the former Palais Radziwill in Wilhelmstraße 77; the Imperial Chancellor was also to move into an official residence there. Bismarck requested with Immediatbericht of 16 May 1878 from Wilhelm I. the permission for the constitution of the new office, which should be called Reich Chancellery, because this designation might correspond "most exactly to the position and the tasks of the same". Christoph von Tiedemann, who had been Bismarck's closest collaborator since 1876 and was therefore familiar with the habits of the Reich Chancellor to the best of his ability, became head of the Reich Chancellery. Under his leadership, the Reich Chancellery actually developed into a political relay station in the centre of the political decision-making structure, whose function was also recognised by the State Secretaries of the Reich Offices. Under constitutional law, the Reich Chancellery was never more than the office of the Reich Chancellor, which "had to mediate the official dealings of the latter with the heads of the individual departments". The office character is expressed not least in the official rank of the head of the Reich Chancellery and the very limited staff until the end of the imperial era. It was not until 1907 that the head of the Reich Chancellery was elevated to the rank of Undersecretary of State and thus placed on an equal footing with the senior officials of the Reich Offices. Although the number of employees grew from originally four in 1878 to 19 in 1908 and continued to rise to 25 in 1918 due to the requirements of the First World War, the Reich Chancellery never even came close to the number of staff of a Reich Office. The private and representative affairs of the Reich Chancellor were handled by the special office of the Reich Chancellor, which continued to reside in the Foreign Office even after the establishment of the Reich Chancellery. With the beginning of the First World War, a joint branch office of the Reich Chancellery and the Foreign Office was established at the Great Headquarters under the name "Formation Reichskanzler und Auswärtiges Amt". This branch existed until the end of the war. A permanent representative was here to represent the interests of the Reich Chancellor when he was in Berlin. In the Reich Chancellery, on the other hand, the Undersecretary of State ran the business if the Reich Chancellor was in the headquarters. In February 1917 a permanent representative of the Reich Chancellor was installed at the Supreme Army Command in order to get a better grip on the continuing disagreements between Reich Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg and the 3rd Supreme Army Command under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff. His task was to keep the Supreme Army Command constantly informed about the policy of the Reich Administration. With the forced abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II and the resignation of Reich Chancellor Max von Baden, business was transferred to the Council of People's Representatives on 11 Nov. 1918, which temporarily exercised the function of an imperial government until the government of Philipp Scheidemann took office on 19 February 1919. From 9 November 1918 to 3 March 1919, the head of the Reich Chancellery was the journalist Curt Baake. After the Weimar parliamentary democracy was established, the position of the Reich Chancellor also changed, as did that of the Reich Chancellery. While the Imperial Chancellor was no longer the only Imperial Minister, as he was in the Empire, he, as Chairman of the Imperial Government, determined the political guidelines in accordance with Articles 55 and 56 of the Imperial Constitution, through which he was able to exert a decisive influence on the fate of the Empire. His authority to issue directives was, of course, restricted by constitutional law and political practice to a considerable extent, for it had to be brought into line politically with the powers of other organs provided for in the Reich Constitution. These were less the Reichsrat, which as a permanent conference of delegates of the state governments had only limited powers in the field of legislation and administration and whose significance cannot be compared with that of the Bundesrat of the Kaiserreich, than the other two constitutional organs: Reichstag and Reichspräsident. With the change of the position of the Reich Chancellor in the Weimar Republic, the tasks of the Reich Chancellery also increased. The Reich Chancellery remained, as in the imperial period, the office of the Reich Chancellor for his dealings with the constitutional organs, now the Reich President, the Reichstag, the Reich Council and the individual Reich Ministers. The State Secretary in the Reich Chancellery took part in the cabinet meetings, informed the Reich Chancellor about the current fundamental issues of politics as a whole, accompanied him at all important conferences in Germany and abroad, observed the formation of opinion in parliament, the press, coordinated legislative work with the Reich parties on his behalf, and gave a lecture to the Reich Chancellor himself. The Reich Chancellery was also represented by a member in the above-mentioned intergroup meetings, in which the most important decisions of the Cabinet were discussed in advance with the party and parliamentary group leaders. She made sure that, despite the constant tensions in the constantly changing coalitions, the objective work of the Reich's departments continued. he preparation of the collegiate decisions and the reliable monitoring of their implementation, two of the Reich Chancellery's main tasks, was of particular importance in this respect. The necessary consequence of these increased tasks was an increase in the number of departments in the Reich Chancellery from three (as of 1910) to eight (as of 1927) and in the number of civil servants from 20 before the outbreak of the First World War. Formally, the Reich Chancellery had various offices attached to it, which were either directly subordinated to it, such as the Reich Headquarters for Homeland Service, or under the direct control of the Reich Chancellor. When, after the death of the Reich President von Hindenburg, the Reich Chancellor took over the powers and rights of the head of state of the German Reich by the Law of August 1, 1934 - including the supreme command of the Wehrmacht - and thus united the office of Reich President with the office of Reich Chancellor in his person, this also had an effect on his relationship with the Reich government. As head of state, Hitler had the right to appoint and dismiss the Reich Ministers without having to wait for the proposal of the Reich Chancellor, as the Reich President had done. The Reichsminister were therefore completely dependent on him. According to the Reich Law of 16 October 1934 on the Oath of the Reich Ministers and Members of the State Governments, the formula of which was later also incorporated into the German Civil Servants Law of 26 January 1937, they were obliged to loyalty and obedience to him. The Führer principle of the NSDAP now also applied to the Reich government, whose members the "Führer und Reichskanzler," as Hitler was called after the decree to the Reich Minister of the Interior of August 2, 1934, only had to advise in inner-German dealings, but were now also legally obliged to submit to his will in case of a dissenting opinion. This meant that the Reichskabinett was no longer a decision-making body in which the Reich Chancellor could possibly have been majorized, but rather a "Führerrat", which only had to advise the head of government. It was planned to also fix this changed position of the Reich Chancellor vis-à-vis the Reich government in law, an intention which, at Hitler's request, was postponed in the cabinet meeting of 26 January 1937, particularly with regard to foreign countries, until the creation of a new Basic Law. The above-mentioned concentration of state tasks on the Führer and Reich Chancellor naturally also had an effect on the responsibilities of the Reich Chancellery. Thus, for example, the Enabling Act already brought about a certain increase in tasks for them, because the laws passed by the Reich government were no longer to be drawn up and promulgated by the Reich President, but by the Reich Chancellor, and the fewest laws were still passed in the ordinary legislative process, through the Reichstag, but went the second legislative process described above, or were passed as Führer decrees or ordinances - without the participation of the Cabinet. The strengthened position of the head of the Reich Chancellery was conspicuous externally in the fact that the documents of government laws signed by Hitler and co-signed by the participating Reich Minister now always also bore the co-signature of the Reich Minister and head of the Reich Chancellery, who thus assumed responsibility for the proper course of the legislative process. After the establishment of the Council of Ministers for the Defence of the Reich at the end of August 1939, the signature of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers for the Defence of the Reich was also necessary in second place behind that of Hitler. In addition, the head of the Reich Chancellery also signed all the Führer decrees with legislative content and, if necessary - which never occurred - the Reichstag laws and the laws enacted on the basis of the "Volksgesetzgebung" (People's Legislation). The increasing workload of Hitler, who in addition to the powers of the Reich Chancellor and the Reich President also exercised supreme command over the Wehrmacht, meant that the cabinet meetings gradually ceased. In addition, the Reich Chancellor, who could no longer be informed by the Reich Ministers united in the cabinet about the completion of individual tasks in the departments, was increasingly dependent on information from the head of the Reich Chancellery. The task of selecting from the wealth of information supplied and processed those suitable for presentation to the Reich Chancellor and of deciding whether Hitler's intervention in certain matters appeared necessary was therefore the responsibility of the head of the Reich Chancellery, who granted him another key position in the leadership apparatus of the state civilian sector. The Reichsminister also had the opportunity to give individual lectures directly to the Reich Chancellor. But Hitler also made less and less use of this, so that the head of the Reich Chancellery practically advised him alone, which strengthened his position vis-à-vis the specialist ministers, who tried in vain to reach certain agreements among themselves through private meetings, especially towards the end of the war. The office of the Reich President, renamed "Präsidialkanzlei" and renamed "Präsidialkanzlei des Führers und Reichskanzlers" by decree of the Führer and Reich Chancellor of 1 December 1937, remained responsible for the handling of all matters concerning the head of state even after the merger of the offices of the Reich President and the Reich Chancellor.B. the preparation of ceremonial receptions of foreign heads of state, princes and statesmen, the receipt of letters of attestation and recall from foreign diplomats, congratulations and condolences from the head of state, the processing of petitions in matters of grace and the entire title and religious order system. On the other hand, the political affairs in which, in addition to the decision of the Reich government, the decision of the head of the Reich was also necessary, were now taken care of by the Reich Chancellery, as was the preparation of political decisions, which up to then had to be made by the head of state, such as the enactment of organizational decrees, which were now the sole responsibility of the Reich Chancellery. Although the documents of appointment and dismissal for the higher Reich officials were still to be submitted to Hitler for execution by the office of the head of state, i.e. now by the head of the presidential chancellery, the responsible ministers and the Reich Chancellery were responsible for the factual and political preparation. Inventory description: Inventory history The day after the Reich Chancellery was established, on 19 May 1878, the expediting secretary in the Foreign Office, Hans Rudolf Sachse, who shortly afterwards began his service as a registrar in the new Reich authority, presented the draft of a registry order for the Reich Chancellery to the lecturing council of Tiedemann. His "basic features for the book and file keeping at the Reich Chancellery" were obviously based on the experience of the Foreign Office's records administration. The records were initially stored loosely in shelves in the registry, probably lying from the outset in the provided and already inscribed file covers. If a file unit had reached a thickness of 2 - 3 cm, it was provided with a linen back and another dust jacket and formed into a tape by means of thread stitching. This organisation of written records proved to be sufficient and practicable for a long series of years. With the gradual further development of the functions and activities of the Reich Chancellery, and as a result of the development of constitutional law and administrative organization in the Reich and in the federal states, however, it had to appear in need of change over time. At the turn of the century it was therefore decided to introduce a more differentiated file system, which came into force on 1 January 1900. The state's new beginning on 13 February 1919, the day on which Cabinet Scheidemann took office, brought a continuous cut in the registry of the Reich Chancellery. The entire file inventory was transferred to the old filing system and new files were created. The 30th of January meant a noticeable, but not sharp cut in the records administration of the Reich Chancellery. In order to start a new filing layer on this day, numerous files were removed from the current filing system, stapled and repositioned in the old filing system. They were replaced by new volumes. However, this only happened if the running band was filled to some extent anyway; if this was not the case, it was continued. In any case, the band counting began again with the number 1, although the series from the Weimar period continued seamlessly. The file structure, however, was left unchanged, and thread-stitching generally remained the same; standing files were used for the first time only for newly created series. In addition to the files kept in the registry, other records were also handed down by the fact that the Reich Chancellors and senior officials of the Reich Chancellery did not have handwritten records, personal papers, and a large part of their private correspondence filed in the registry, but as a rule kept them in their offices. It was not uncommon for such documents to be taken along when leaving office. Thus the estates of the Reich Chancellors Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Bülow, Hertling and Luther as well as of the chiefs of the Reich Chancellery Rottenburg and Pünder, which are kept in the Federal Archives, almost regularly contain official or semi-official documents in addition to private records, which have arisen from the exercise of official functions. The fact that the files of the Lammers Minister's Office have remained in the inventory is a consequence of their joint outsourcing with the inventory towards the end of the Second World War. In other cases, files of Reich Chancellors and senior officials with material on specific issues, with documents for conferences, meetings, etc., were handed over to the registry for safekeeping as soon as they were no longer needed and assigned to the relevant subject series as supplements. As a result, such hand files are scattered over the inventory, e.g. the hand files for the series "Execution of the Peace Treaty, Reparations" in the group "Foreign Affairs". The secret files of the Reich Chancellery formed another complex of documents separate from the registry holdings, the content, scope and structure of which unfortunately are not known in detail. According to the information available in the Federal Archives, they were probably burned before the end of the war by members of the Reich Chancellery in accordance with the decree of the Reich Minister of the Interior to the Reich Defence Commissioners of 12 October 1944 concerning "Behaviour of the Authorities in the Event of Enemy Occupation"[85] Individual fragments of secret files, which probably accidentally escaped annihilation and were in the inventory, were listed in the present find book at the end of the section "Files of the Minister's Office". In Potsdam, with a few exceptions, there are those old files of the Reich Chancellery from the period 1878 - 1919 which had been removed from the current registry in mid-February 1919 and deposited in an old file file. The Reichsarchiv had only been able to take it over in 1937 or 1938, after earlier efforts in vain. Only the old files of the service administration, including the personnel files, remained in the Authority. During the Second World War, the holdings of the Reich Archives, together with other archival materials, were moved to the Staßfurt salt mine near Magdeburg, where they fell into the hands of the Red Army in 1945. It was taken to the Soviet Union and 10 years later, in July 1955, handed over to the German Central Archive (renamed the "Central State Archive of the GDR" in 1973) in Potsdam. There it formed the inventory 07. 01. The inventory division into four departments was retained. In addition to the former Reichsarchiv holdings, the Central State Archives also kept about 800 individual records of the registry from the years 1933 - 1945, which were presumably found in the Wilhelmstraße office building. The majority of the Reichskanzleiakten from the years 1919 - 1945 as well as the old files of the office administration had been in Berlin only until the last phase of the war. As the situation in and around Berlin worsened, they were relocated to southern Germany, where they were confiscated by American troops in 1945. Via the Ministerial Collecting Center in Hessisch-Lichtenau and Fürstenhagen near Kassel, the central collection point for all material found by the Americans in their occupation zone[90], they reached the Berlin Documents Unit at the beginning of 1946. Here they - like other German files stored there - were evaluated for investigations against leading personalities from the state, the party and other areas of public life in preparation for war crimes trials. During the Berlin blockade in the summer of 1948, the files united in the Documents Unit were transferred to Whaddon Hall near Bletchley in the southern English county of Buckinghamshire. The files of the Reich Chancellery were stored there until 1958 and were provisionally arranged, recorded and selected for filming. In addition to the tradition of the Federal Foreign Office, which is primarily relevant, they also served as the basis for the edition of files on German foreign policy, which was initially edited exclusively by Anglo-Saxon and French historians. These files finally reached the Federal Archives in two transports in December 1958 and January 1959, a remainder at the end of April 1959. Here they form the listed holdings R 43 I, II. Archivische Bearbeitung During the provisional arrangement and indexing of the files of the Reich Chancellery from the years 1919 - 1945 in Whaddon Hall, the editors proceeded from two partial holdings. One of them essentially covered the tradition of the Weimar period, the other mainly the files from the period after 30 January 1933; they were briefly referred to as the "Old" and "New" Reich Chancelleries. As mentioned above, this division had already taken place in January/February 1933 in the Reich Chancellery and had been maintained during the relocation of the files during the war and after their confiscation. In the course of the processing, it was refrained from restoring the consistent arrangement of the file groups in both partial holdings, e.g. according to the alphabet of the group titles as they had existed in the registry of the Reich Chancellery. Only the registry connections within the groups that were presumably largely lost due to frequent relocations of the holdings were taken into account, whereby errors and mistakes were often made due to a lack of familiarity with the registry relationships and the file management of the Reich Chancellery. Nevertheless, it was possible to restore the mass of files to their original order with the help of the old signatures and tape numbers. Less satisfactorily, the classification of the not insignificant remnant of the tradition was resolved, which consisted of files of the minister's office, hand files of officials, secret file fragments, volumes with collections of circulars, circulars and press cuttings, registration aids, etc. Materials of this kind came to various places, especially at the end of both parts of the stock. In each part of the collection, the volumes were numbered consecutively. The distortion was also differentiated between the two partial stocks. The sequential number, the old signature and the runtime were included as formal specifications. In order to identify the contents of the file, the serial title was taken from the inscription of the file as the subject of the thread-stitched volumes, i.e. above all the files of the older part. In the case of standing folders, on the other hand, the titles of the individual transactions were entered in the list, as far as Rotuli was available with the corresponding information, and the subject series title was usually dispensed with. As a result, two very different lists were drawn up in terms of their degree of resolution. In the Federal Archives, these directories served for a long time as exclusive finding aids. This meant that the division into two parts, R 43 I (Old Reich Chancellery) and R 43 II (New Reich Chancellery), was retained. The consecutive numbering carried out in Waddon Hall also remained unchanged, since the files had already frequently been quoted in scientific publications afterwards. For conservation reasons, however, the documents stored in standing files and folders had to be transferred to archive folders; as a rule, two or three or sometimes more volumes were formed from the contents of one folder. This was necessary in order to separate files from various subject series that had been united in the Reich Chancellery and to form handy, not too extensive volumes. The volumes formed from the documents of a standing file, however, retained its serial number and were distinguished by the addition of letters (a, b, c, etc.). Within the volumes, the delimitation of the processes from each other, which had previously been recognizable by filing them in hanging binders, was marked by the insertion of separator sheets. On the other hand it turned out that 84 volumes from R 43 I and 205 volumes from R 43 II could not be separated and destroyed. The largest part (125 volumes) concerned the administration of the Aid Fund and the Disposition Fund of the Reich Chancellor; it consisted of individual files on the acceptance and use of donations from private sources, on the granting or refusal of support, other donations or gifts of honour to private individuals, associations and federations in emergencies, birthdays, anniversaries, events and on the occasion of the assumption of honorary sponsorships by the Reich Chancellor. The corresponding activity of the Reich Chancellery is already documented by several series in the groups "Reich Chancellor" and "Welfare" as well as by a number of files of the minister's office. The second largest group of documents collected (about 120 volumes) were files of the service administration. They mainly contained cash documents, invoices and receipts, company offers, correspondence with individual companies about deliveries and services for the Reich Chancellery as well as irrelevant documents about various house matters. The rest of the non-archival material consisted of volumes with multiple traditions and collections of official printed matter, in a few cases volumes containing only individual transmission letters. Finally, 44 volumes with documents of foreign provenances were removed from the holdings and assigned to other holdings, in some cases also to places outside the house. The majority of the documents are from the Community of Student Associations, which Reichsminister Dr. Lammers managed and whose business he had led through his office. Details are given in the Annex. The maps and plans, which were taken from the files for conservation reasons, were combined in the map archive to an independent group "Plan R 43 II". These are in particular planning breaks for the new building from the years 1943 ff. They are indexed by a separate index. The holdings of the Central State Archives (07.01) and the Federal Archives (R 43) were merged into holdings R 43 following the merger of the two archives in 1990. For the files of the Reich Chancellery from the years 1919 to 1945, a publication index was available since 1984, which also takes into account the files of this epoch kept in the Central State Archives until 1990. For the files of the "Old Reich Chancellery" (1878-1919), the Central State Archives had a finding aid book that had already been compiled in the Reich Archives. In addition to the files of the "old" Reich Chancellery from the years 1878 - 1918 described since January 2005 with an online find book (editor: Mr. Hollmann), those of the so-called "new" Reich Chancellery for the years 1919 - 1945 were also added in September 2006 (editor: Simone Walther). Because of the recording of the approx. 10,000 archive units in three different signature systems or partial inventories at that time, there were some database-technical peculiarities to consider. A re-signing of the microfilmed files for easier integration as closed holdings in the database of the Federal Archives was out of the question for various archival reasons. The units of description (files) identified with various text programs in the 1984 Publication Findbuch were imported into the database using a retroco-version procedure. Three so-called partial or secondary stocks were created, which differ from each other by their signature system. In the earlier distortion, the editors formed tape series or series that very often consisted of two or three of the "partial stocks". In the database, however, it is technically not possible to create such a tape or series across all stocks. The presentation of the series and volume series in the now available online finding aid required the relatively time-consuming "manual" merging of the various parts of a volume sequence in the cross-folder classification scheme (classification). In such a volume series, the volume sequence title appears repeatedly within the volume sequence before the volume or the volumes from another "partial stock". Since the creation of series, partly with additional subordinate volume sequences from different partial stocks, was just as impossible to implement, the corresponding information was partly recorded in supplementary classification points. As a rule, however, the structure handed down in the Publication Findbuch has been retained and the units of description have been classified according to their order. In the course of the processing, the signatures displayed incorrectly or incompletely in the printed finding aids could be corrected. A revision of the directory data according to the now valid archive rules did not seem to be necessary due to the very high effort involved. Minor corrections were made to the titles. Dates in titles that did not belong directly to the title were moved from there to the differentiated runtime field. Citation style: BArch, R 43/...

History of the Inventory Designer: From 1880 to 1917 he worked in the areas of social insurance, industrial hygiene, Arbeits‧schutz and trade regulations in the department for trade and industry at the Reichsamt des Innern; October 1917 the responsibilities were transferred to the new Reich Economic Office; at the end of 1918 the Reichsarbeitsamt was founded; at the beginning of 1919 Reichsarbeits‧ministeriums was established with the responsibilities of labour law, labour protection, employment services, Sozial‧versicherung, housing welfare and welfare; in 1934, the scope of duties was extended by the appointment of Reich trustees of labour to regulate tariffs, by the assumption of the socio-political competencies of the Prussian Ministry of Economics and Labour as well as of settlement and housing affairs - with the exception of rural settlement affairs - and in 1938 by the integration of the Reichsanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung und Arbeitslosenversicherung (Reich Institute for Employment Mediation and Unemployment Insurance). 1942 with the Er‧nennung of the Reichskommissar für den sozialen Wohnungsbau (since 1942: Reichswoh‧nungskommissar) and of the Generalbevollmächtigter für den Arbeitseinsatz within the four-year plan, which, however, made use of Section V. Portfolio description: From 1880 to 1917, social insurance, industrial hygiene, occupational health and safety and industrial regulations were dealt with in the Department of Trade and Industry at the Reich Office of the Interior; in October 1917, responsibilities were transferred to the new Reich Economic Office; at the end of 1918, the Reich Labour Office was founded; at the beginning of 1919, the Reich Labour Ministry was established, with responsibilities for labour law, occupational health and safety, employment services, social insurance, housing assistance and welfare. In 1934, the scope of duties was extended by the appointment of Reich trustees of labour to regulate tariffs, by the assumption of the socio-political competencies of the Prussian Ministry of Economics and Labour as well as of settlement and housing affairs (with the exception of rural settlement affairs) and in 1938 by the incorporation of the Reichsanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung and Arbeitslosenversicherung. Restriction of responsibilities in 1940 and 1942 with the appointment of the Reich Commissioner for Social Housing (Reichswohnungskommissar since 1942) and the General Plenipotentiary for the work assignment within the Four-Year Plan, which, however, made use of Department V. State of development: 6 finding aids (1955/1956), publication finding aid (1991), online finding aid (2009) Citation method: BArch, R 3901/...

History of the inventor: Joseph Goebbels, who had already been head of the NSDAP's Reich Propaganda Department since 1929, had certainly developed plans for a Ministry of Propaganda even before the seizure of power.(1) The Reichskabinett (Reich Cabinet) dealt with the issue of the Propaganda Department on 11 September. The arguments for the foundation, which the Reich Chancellor (Hitler) himself presented, sounded extremely harmless ex post and far from future realities: "One of the predominant tasks of this ministry would be the preparation of important acts of government. On the oil and fat issue, for example, which now occupies the cabinet, the people should be enlightened in the direction that the farmer would perish if something were not done to improve the sale of his products. The importance of this matter also for the war measures would have to be pointed out ..." Government action would only begin if the awareness-raising work had taken place and worked for some time. ..."(2) On 16 March 1933, however, Goebbels described the future tasks of his ministry programmatically three days after his appointment in a remarkably open manner in front of press representatives: "If this government is now determined never to give way again, never and under no circumstances, then it need not make use of the dead power of the bayonet, then in the long run it will not be able to be satisfied with knowing 52 percent behind it ..., but it will have to see its next task in winning the remaining 48 percent for itself. This is not only possible through objective work". And about the nature of his propaganda he proclaimed: "Not any aesthete can judge the methods of propaganda. A binding judgment can only be given on the basis of success. For propaganda is not an end in itself, but a means to an end.(3) A timid attempt by Hugenberg to at least delay the decision to establish the Ministry of Propaganda in the cabinet meeting of March 11, 1933 failed miserably. Already on 13 March 1933 the law on the establishment of the RMVP was signed by the Reich President and the "writer" Dr. Goebbels was appointed minister.(4) Almost three weeks later, on 5 April 1933, Goebbels noted in his diary: "The organisation of the ministry is finished".(5) In difficult negotiations(6) with the ministries, which had to cede parts of their competences to the new ministry, the responsibilities were determined in detail. The RMVP was responsible for all tasks relating to intellectual influence on the nation, advertising for the state, culture and economy, informing the domestic and foreign public about them, and the administration of all institutions serving these purposes. As a result, the business area of the RMVP will be: 1. from the business area of the Federal Foreign Office: News and education abroad, art, art exhibitions, film and sports abroad. 2. From the RMI division: General Domestic Enlightenment, Hochschule für Politik, introduction and celebration of national holidays and celebration of national holidays with the participation of the RMI, press (with Institute for Newspaper Science), radio, national anthem, German Library in Leipzig, art (but without art-historical institute in Florence, copyright protection for works of literature and art, directory of nationally valuable works of art, German-Austrian Convention on the Export of Art, Protection of Works of Art and Monuments, Protection and Maintenance of Landscape and Natural Monuments, Nature Parks, Preservation of Buildings of Special Historical Importance, Preservation of National Monuments, Verband Deutscher Vereine für Volkskunde, Reich Memorial), Music Conservation, including the Philharmonic Orchestra, Theatre Matters, Cinema, Combating Trash and Dirt 3. From the business areas of the Reich Ministry of Economics and the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Economic Advertising, Exhibitions, Trade Fairs and Advertising 4. From the business areas of the Reich Ministry of Posts and the Reich Ministry of Transportation: Traffic Advertising Furthermore, all radio matters dealt with by the Reich Ministry of Posts and the Reich Ministry of Transportation are transferred from the business area of the Reich Ministry of Posts, unless they concern the technical administration outside the premises of the Reich Broadcasting Company and the radio companies. In matters of technical administration, the RMVP shall be involved to the extent necessary to carry out its own tasks, in particular in determining the conditions for the awarding of broadcasting rights and the regulation of fees. In particular, the representation of the Reich in the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft and the broadcasting companies is fully transferred to the RMVP. The RMVP is in charge of all tasks, including legislation, in the designated areas. The general principles shall apply to the participation of the other Reich Ministers." (RGBl. 1933 I, p. 449) These competences were exercised by seven departments, so that the business distribution plan of 1 Oct. 1933 (7) shows the following picture: Ministerial office (with five employees), directly subordinated to the Minister. State Secretary, at the same time Head of Press of the Reich Government I. Administration and Law with one main office Administration, three departments as well as the registry II. Propaganda with 10 departments 1. Positive world view propaganda, shaping in state life, press photography 2. Jewish question, foundation for victims of work, Versailles treaty, national literature, publishing etc. 3. Demonstrations and regional organisation 4. Opposing world views 5. German University of Politics 6. Youth and sports issues 7. Economic and social policy 8. Agricultural and eastern issues 9. Transport 10. Public health III. Broadcasting with three sections 1. Broadcasting 2. Political and cultural affairs of broadcasting 3. Organisation and administrative issues of German broadcasting IV. Press, simultaneously press department of the Reich government with eleven papers V. Film with three papers VI. Theatre, music and art with three papers VII. Defence (defence against lies at home and abroad) with eight papers Goebbels was obviously not satisfied with the official title of his ministry. The extensive tasks in the fields of culture and the arts did not come into their own and the word propaganda, of which he was aware, had a "bitter aftertaste" (8). His proposal to rename his department "Reichsministerium für Kultur und Volksaufklärung", however, met with Hitler's rejection. (9) In July 1933, a circular issued by the Reich Chancellor drew the attention of the Reich governors to the exclusive competence of the Reich or of the new Ministry for the above-mentioned competences and called on them to cede to the RMVP any existing budget funds and offices of the Länder. (10) At the same time, 13 regional offices were established as the substructure of the Ministry, the sprinkles of which corresponded approximately to those of the regional employment offices, and 18 imperial propaganda offices, which subdivided the territory of the regional offices once again. After the Reichspropagandastellen were already converted after short time (approx. 1934) to Landesstellen, in each Gau of the NSDAP a Landesstelle of the RMVP was located. Their leaders were in personal union at the same time leaders of the Gaupropagandaleitungen of the NSDAP, which in its leadership, the Reichspropagandalleitung, was also perceived by Goebbels in personal union. (11) As a result, conflicts of loyalty between the Gaupropaganda leaders/leaders of the RMVP regional offices were unavoidable in disputes between Goebbels and individual Gauleiters. According to theory, the regional offices were supposed to monitor and implement the political decisions made in the ministry in the individual districts, but in practice their heads were often more dependent on their respective Gauleiter than on the ministry due to the above-mentioned personal union. By the Führer decree of 9 September 1937 (RGBl. 1937 I, p. 1009), the Landesstellen were renamed Reichspropagandaämter and elevated to Reich authorities. After the integration of Austria there were no less than 42 Reichspropagandaämter with 1400 full-time employees. (12) In addition to the state offices and Reich Propaganda Offices, a whole range of offices, organizations, associations, societies and societies soon developed, which are to be counted to the subordinate area of the Ministry. (13) Despite the apparently clear regulation on the responsibilities of the RMVP, the 13 years of its existence were marked by disputes over responsibilities with other ministries, in particular with the ministers Rust, Rosenberg and Ribbentrop, of whom Goebbels, as is known, held very little personally. Successes and failures in the competence disputes cannot be followed in detail here; they depended to a large extent on Hitler's relationship with Goebbels. For example, Goebbels did not succeed in extending his competence in theatre to the Prussian State Theatres in Berlin. By contrast, in 1943 the RMVP assumed responsibility for carrying out the Eastern propaganda, while Rosenberg, as Reich Minister for the occupied Eastern territories, was left with only the authority to issue guidelines. (14) In the conflict with the Federal Foreign Office over the delimitation of responsibilities for foreign propaganda, an arrangement was reached in a working agreement in October 1941. (15) Wehrmacht propaganda also remained long and controversial. Despite many efforts (16), Goebbels did not succeed in making a decisive break in the competencies of the OKW/Wpr department until the end of the war in March 1945. Propaganda into the Wehrmacht and about the Wehrmacht at home and abroad was then to be taken in charge by the RMVP. It is not possible to determine whether the planned organizational consequences have yet been implemented. (17) Another major success for Goebbels was the establishment of the Reichsinspektion für zivile Luftschutzmaßnahmen (Reich Inspection for Civilian Air Defence Measures), which was headed by the RMVP (18), and his appointment as Reich Plenipotentiary for Total War Operations by Führer Decree of 25 July 1944 (19). For the last months of the Third Reich, Goebbels had reached the zenith of power with this function, apart from his appointment as Reich Chancellor in Hitler's last will and testament of April 29, 1945, which had become effective only theoretically. As Reich Plenipotentiary for the total deployment in war, he had extremely far-reaching powers over the entire state apparatus with the exception of the Wehrmacht. (20) Until that date, the competences of the RMVP had changed only slightly in the main features of all disputes over jurisdiction. That it nevertheless grew enormously and steadily until 1943 (21) was mainly due to diversification and intensification in the performance of its tasks. After 1938, the expansive foreign policy of the Third Reich necessitated further propaganda agencies to direct and influence public opinion in the incorporated and occupied territories. In the occupied territories with civil administrations, "departments" (main departments) for "popular enlightenment and propaganda" were usually set up in the territories with military administration, "propaganda departments", which exercised roughly the functions of the Reich Propaganda Offices. Their position between their superior military services and the RMVP, which sought to influence the content of the propaganda and from where part of the personnel came, was a constant source of conflict. As an indication for the weighting of the individual areas of responsibility of the Ministry in relation to each other, the expenditures for the individual areas in the 10 years from March 1933 to March 1943 are mentioned. With a total volume of 881,541,376.78 RM (22), the expenses for the Active propaganda: 21.8 Communications: 17.8 Music, visual arts, literature: 6.2 Film: 11.5 Theatres: 26.4 Civil servants and equipment: 4.3 Salaries, business needs, including film testing agencies and RPÄ: 12.0 By 1942, the RMVP and its division had been continuously expanded, before facilities in the subordinate area were shut down and departments in the ministry were merged as part of the total war from 1943 onwards. The business distribution plan of Nov. 1942 was as follows: (23) Ministerial Office, reporting directly to the Minister with adjutants, personal advisers and press officers of the Minister, a total of 10 employees State Secretaries Leopold Gutterer, Reich Press Head Dr. Otto Dietrich, Hermann Esser Budget Department (H) with 11 departments; reporting to the Head of the Department, the Main Office and the House Administration Personnel Department (Pers) with seven departments Legal and Organisation Department (R) with three departments Propaganda Department (Pro) with the following ten departments: 1. Political Propaganda 2. Cultural Propaganda 3. Propaganda Exploration 4. Public Health, Social Policy 5. Economy 6. Imperial Propaganda Offices 7. Major Events 8. Youth and Sports 9. Representation 10. Budget of the Department, Preparation of the Peace Treaties, Stagma and other Press Department of the Imperial Government I. Department German Press (DP) with 13 Speeches II. Foreign Press Department (AP) with 19 papers III. Journal Press Department /ZP) with five papers Foreign Press Department (A) with the following five groups: 1. Organization 2. Europe and Middle East 3. Non-European 4. Propaganda Media 5. Deployment abroad and in the Reich Tourism Department (FV) with four units Broadcasting Department (Rfk) with the following eight units 1. Coordination, Interradio and others 2. Broadcasting Command Office 3. Mob Department 4. Broadcasting Programme Support 5. Foreign Broadcasting 6. Broadcasting Industry 7. Broadcasting Organisation 8. Rundfunk-Erkundungsdienst Filmabteilung (F) with five departments Schrifttumsabteilung (S ) with eight departments Theaterabteilung (T) with seven departments Bildende Kunst (BK) with four departments Musik-Abteilung (M) with ten departments Reichsverteidigung (RV) with six departments Abteilung für die besetztischen Ostgebiete (Ost) with twelve departments Generalreferate with State Secretary Gutterer directly subordinated: 1. Exhibitions and Fairs 2nd General Cultural Department (General Cultural Department for the Reich Capital) 3rd General Department for Reich Chamber of Culture Matters 4th Technology (propaganda, radio, film, sound, stage, press, service installations of the RMVP) Press Recording Office for the PK reports of the Press Department of the Reich Government (directly subordinated to the Reich Press Head) A major change in this distribution of responsibilities took place in September 1944 (24). The art departments of theatre, music and visual arts were dissolved and merged into a single department of culture (cult). The East Department was integrated into the Propaganda Department as a main department, the Tourism Department was shut down and the General Departments of the Reich Cultural Chamber, Armaments and Construction and Propaganda Troops were dissolved. Notes (1) J. Goebbels: Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei, p. 28. (2) R 43 II/1149, p. 5, excerpt from the minutes of the ministerial meeting of 11 March 1933. (3) R 43 II/1149, pp. 25 - 29, wording of Goebbels' speech of 16 March 1933 according to W. T. B. (4) R 43 II/1149, RGBl. 1933 I, p. 104 (5) J. Goebbels: Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei, p. 293 (6) In an elaboration presumably by Goebbels on a "Reichskommissariat für Volksaufklärung und Propaganda" to be created (R 43 II/1149, pp. 49 - 53) further competences had been demanded. In particular, additional responsibilities were demanded of the German section of the RMI and section VI of the AA, as well as in foreign propaganda. (7) R 43 II/1449, pp. 126 - 133. Heiber gives a diagram of the organisational development of the RMVP at department level with the names of the department heads on the inside of the cover of his Goebbels biography. (8) See speech to representatives of the press on the tasks of the RMVP of 16 March 1933 in R 43 II/1149. It was not without reason that there was a language regulation for the press according to which the term propaganda was to be used only in a positive sense (R 55/1410, Decree of the RMVP to the RPA Nuremberg, 8 Nov. 1940). (9) R 43 II/1149, p. 169, Note by Lammers of 9 May 1934 on a lecture to the Reich Chancellor. (10) R 43 II/1149. (11) After the establishment of the Reichskulturkammer organization, they were also state cultural administrators in the substructure of the RKK. (12) Boelcke, Kriegspropaganda, p. 185. (13) Ebendort, p. 136 ff. there are hints for some institutions. (14) The Führer's order concerning the delimitation of responsibilities dated 15 Aug. 1943, cf. R 55/1435, 1390. (15) Boelcke, Kriegspropaganda, p. 126/127. (16) Lochner, Joseph Goebbels, p. 334, p. 442. (17) R 55/618, p. 123; cf. also the depiction of Hasso v. Wedel, the propaganda troops of the German Wehrmacht. Neckargemünd 1962, Die Wehrmacht im Kampf, vol. 34 (18) Führer decree of Dec. 21, 1943, R 55/441 (19) RGBl. 1944, p. 161, R 43 II/664 a. (20) This competence is virtually not reflected in the RMVP files available in the BA. However, it is well documented in R 43 II. See R 43 II/664 a. (21) See the annual budget negotiations on increasing the number of posts in R 2/4752 - 4762. (22) R 55/862, Statistical overview of monetary transactions. Accordingly, 88,5 % of the expenditure was covered by the licence fee. It remains unclear whether the old budgetary expenditure has been taken into account. (23) R 55/1314 According to this schedule of responsibilities, the files held in the Federal Archives were essentially classified. (24) Newsletter of 13 Sept. 1944 in R 55/441. Inventory description: Inventory history The RMVP records have suffered substantial losses, although the main building of the Ministry, the Ordenspalais am Wilhelmplatz, was destroyed relatively late and almost accidentally in March 1945. Large parts of the old registries, including the previous files from the Federal Foreign Office and the Reich Ministry of the Interior (1), had already been destroyed by air raids in 1944. Moreover, in the last days of the war before and during the conquest of Berlin by the Soviet Russian army, files were also systematically destroyed. (2) In view of the total collapse and devastation of Berlin by the air war, it is not surprising that hardly any manual or private files of RMVP employees have been handed down. Notable exceptions are, in particular, documents from Ministerialrat Bade (press department) (3) and hand files of the head of the broadcasting department, Ministerialdirigent Fritzsche. In this context, the diaries of Goebbels should also be mentioned, which, with the exception of those edited by Lochner in 1948, had been lost for almost 30 years. (4) The bulk of the volumes available in the Bundesarchiv Koblenz until 1996 was transferred from Alexandria (cf. Guide No. 22) and from the Berlin Document Center to the Bundesarchiv in the years 1959 - 1963. The personnel files still held back were added to the portfolio in 2007. The RMVP files kept by the Ministry of State Security of the GDR (mainly personnel files, personnel processes of the theatre, music and defence departments), which were stored in the so-called NS archive until 2006, are also assigned to the holdings. Not in Allied hands was only a small collection from the Music Department and some documents from the German Press Department, which were transferred to the Federal Archives in 1969 as part of the land consolidation with the Secret State Archives of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. Some original RMVP files can still be found at the Hoover Institution Standford, the Yivo Institute New York and the Wiener Library London. Fortunately, all three institutions were willing to produce microfilms for the Federal Archives (5). In 1974, the Rijksinstitut voor Oologsdocumentatie Amsterdam (Rijksinstitut for Oologsdocumentatie Amsterdam) kindly handed over some original fragments of files to the Federal Archives. In 1946, officers of the French and Soviet secret services found films of about 35,000 documents that had been filmed in the RMVP and buried near Potsdam at the end of the war with the help of an American mine detector (6). The films were taken to Paris to make re-enlargements of them, and it is possible that they will still be kept in the French secret service. The Americans apparently did not receive copies because they had withheld from the French documents of other provenance found in the CSSR. Only incomplete information is available about the content of the films; it can be assumed, however, that not exactly unimportant files have been filmed. Notes (1) Only a few handfiles and a few volumes on the promotion of music have survived. (2) Files of the Reichsfilmarchiv that had been moved to Grasleben/Helmstedt were even to be destroyed by agents of the RSHA when they threatened to fall into the hands of the English (cf. R 55/618). (3) Cf. Kl. Erw. 615, which is a selection of the bath papers from the time around 1933 in the Hoover library. (4) Frankfurter Allgemeine, 21 Nov. 1974, reader's letter. Insignificant fragments from Goebbels' estate from his student days can be found in the Federal Archives under the signature Kl. Erw. 254. (5) A collection of newspaper clippings concerning Goebbels in the amount of 82 Bde for the years 1931 - 1943 was not filmed at the Yivo-Institut. (6) See the documents in: National Archives Washington, RG 260 OMGUS 35/35 folder 19. Archival processing The order and indexing work on the holdings was relatively time-consuming and difficult, as the order of the files was extremely poor. On the one hand there were no detailed file plans or other registry aids for the mass of files from the budget and personnel departments, on the other hand the file management in the ministry, which at least in its development phase was always deliberately unbureaucratic, left a lot to be desired. Especially during the war, when inexperienced auxiliaries had to be used more and more during the war, the Ministry's staff often complained about the inadequacy of the registries. The organisation of the RMVP's records management showed typical features of office reform (1): Registries were kept on a departmental basis, with each registry having a "self-contained partial list of files". The documents were stored in standing folders (System Herdegen). Instead of a diary, an alphabetical mailing card was kept, separated according to authorities and private persons. The reference numbers consisted of the department letter, file number, date as well as an indication, on which card of an order file the procedure was seized. All in all, the files of the Budget and Human Resources Department were in a certain, albeit unsatisfactory, state of order when they entered the Federal Archives. Numerous volumes from the other departments, on the other hand, were formed in a chaotic manner, possibly as a result of a provisional recording of loose written material when it was confiscated. These were often amorphous and fragmentary materials that lacked the characteristics of organically grown writing. So it was practically impossible to form meaningful band units in all subjects. In the case of some "mixed volumes" with written material on numerous file numbers, only the most frequent ones were noted in the finding aid book. Due to the high loss of files, no strict evaluation standard was applied to the files. The main items collected were volumes from the budget department on preliminary checks in the subordinate area and individual procedures for the procurement and management of managed goods for the purposes of the Ministry. Formal records of non-compliant positions in the business division and a number of unarchivalable documents from the Human Resources Department will still be kept for the foreseeable future for the purpose of issuing service time statements. It is not listed in this guide. Preparatory work for the indexing of the Koblenz part of the stock was carried out by Mr. Oberarchivrat Regel (1967) with regard to the files of the budget department on the Reich's own film assets, Mr. Ltd. Archivdirektor Dr. Boberach (1966) with regard to correspondence and the reference files of the head of the broadcasting department, Hans Fritzsche and Ms. Archivoberinspektorin Schneider, née Fisch (1966) for files of the propaganda department. In 2005, the inventories of the finding aids of both sections of the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda were imported into the database of the Federal Archives via a retroconversion procedure. The data records were then combined in a classification. Despite the inhomogeneity of the traditions of most specialist departments, it was advisable to maintain the division by departments. (2) Within the departments, the structure was essentially based on file numbers and factual contexts. The file numbers used in the RMVP were - as far as possible - used as aids for further subdivision. The final step was the integration of the personnel files and personal documents from the NS archive (approx. 5000 individual transactions) and the former Berlin Document Center (approx. 700 transactions). The documents taken over are mainly documents from the personnel department (in addition to personnel files also questionnaires and index cards), theatre (applications, appointments, confirmation procedures) and imperial defence (applications in propaganda companies). The personal records also contain isolated documents on denazification from the period 1946-1950. Since a relatively large number of individual transactions from the NS archives were often only a few sheets, transactions that objectively related to one transaction (e.g. applications for interpreting) were merged into one file. The names of the individual persons as well as the old signatures from the NS archive can still be traced via the BASYS-P database. Both the files from the NS archive and those from the former BDC are not always filed according to the provenance principle. However, the files were not separated again. Most of the files taken over from the former BDC are personal files and questionnaires as well as personnel index cards of individual employees of broadcasting stations. A search is still possible via the BASYS-P database. The procedures for the donation "Artist's thanks" still present in the personal records of the former BDC concerning the Theatre Department were not adopted in this context (approx. 15,000 procedures). The names are entered in the BASYS-P database and can be searched there. Notes (1) Rules of Procedure and Registration of 8 May 1942 in R 55/ 618. (2) The structure of the business distribution plan of Nov. 1942 was used as a basis. Abbreviations AA = Federal Foreign Office Department A = Department Abroad AP = Foreign Press BDC = Berlin Document Center BdS = Commander of the Security Police ChdZ = Chief of the Civil Administration DAF = German Labour Front DASD = German Amateur Broadcasting Service e.V. DNB = Deutsches Nachrichtenbüro DRK = Deutsches Rotes Kreuz Dt. = Deutsch DVO = Durchführungsverordnung french = French Gestapo = Geheimes Staatspolizeiamt KdF = Kraft durch Freude KdG = Kommandeur der Gendarmerie KdS = Kommandeur der Sicherheitspolizei Kl. Erw. Small acquisition KLV = Kinderlandverschickung LG = District Court MA = Military Archives, Department of the Federal Archives MdR = Member of the Reichstag MinRat = Ministerialrat MdL = Member of the Landtag NDR = Norddeutscher Rundfunk NSV = National Socialist Volkswohlfahrt o. Az. = without file number or date = without date OKW = Oberkommando der Wehrmacht OLG = Oberstes Landesgericht OLT = Oberleutnant ORR = Oberregierungsrat OT = Organisation Todt PG = Parteigenosse PK = Propagandakompanie RAVAG = Österreichische Radio-Verkehrs-AG Reg. Pres. RMI = Reich Ministry of the Interior RMJ = Reich Ministry of the Interior RMK = Reich Ministry of Justice RMK = Reich Chamber of Music RMVP = Reich Ministry of Education and Propaganda ROI = Reichsoberinspektor RPA = Reichspropagandaamt RPÄ = Reichspropagandaämter RPL = Reichspropagandalleitung RR = Regierungsrat RRG = Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft RS = Reichssender RSHA = Reichssicherheitshauptamt RSK = Reichsschrifttumskammer SBZ = Soviet Occupation Zone SD = Security Service SD-LA = SD-Leitabschnitt SDR = Süddeutscher Rundfunk Sipo = Security Police STS = Secretary of State and a. = among others v. a. = above all VGH = Volksgerichtshof VO = Regulation WDR = Westdeutscher Rundfunk ZSTA = Zentrales Staatsarchiv (Potsdam) citation method: BArch R 55/ 23456 Content characterization: Rounded delivery complexes are available only from the budget department and from the personnel department. From the point of view of financing and personnel management, they illuminate almost all areas of the Ministry's activities. From the specialist departments, the volumes from the Propaganda Department should be emphasized, which document above all the design of propaganda and the propagandistic support of foreign workers and resettled persons in the last years of the war. Also worth mentioning are mood and activity reports of individual RPÄ and suggestions from the population for propaganda and for leading the total war. In the Radio Department there is some material about the design of the radio program and the propaganda reconnaissance with reports about the opposing propaganda, which were compiled from the bugging reports of the special service Seehaus. A separate complex of this department are 14 volumes of pre-files from the RMI with handfiles of the Oberregierungsrat Scholz as representative of the Reich in supervisory committees of broadcasting companies in Berlin from 1926 - 1932. Of the film department there are only a few, but interesting volumes about the film production of the last war years with numerous ministerial documents. The majority of the theatre department's traditions are based on documents on professional issues and the Reich's dramaturgy. From the music department the promotion of musical organizations from the years 1933 - 1935 with pre-files from the RMI, the support and job placement of artists as well as material about the musical foreign relations is handed down. The files of the Department for the Occupied Eastern Territories offer rich sources for questions of Eastern propaganda. The losses are greatest in the departments Law and Organization, Magazine Press, Foreign Press, Foreign Countries, Tourism, Literature and Fine Arts. State of development: Publication Findbuch (1976, reprint 1996), Online Findbuch (2007). Citation style: BArch, R 55/...

History of the Inventory Designer: 1. On the history of the Deutsche Reichspost Prehistory up to 1867 In Germany, a uniform postal system had not been able to develop due to the territorial fragmentation of the Reich. Still in the first half of the 19th century, 17 independent state postal regions existed alongside the "Reichs-Post" of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis, which had already been commissioned by the Emperor in the 16th century to carry out the postal shelf and which had since then operated primarily in the smaller and smallest German territories. The conclusion of agreements between individual Länder of the German Confederation, including the establishment of the German-Austrian Postal Association in 1850, did indeed lead to unity in postal traffic; however, in 1866 there were still 9 postal regions in Germany. The post office in the Kingdom of Prussia had developed into the most important national post office at the national level. From the North German Confederation to the Foundation of the Reich (1867-1871) The constitution of the North German Confederation of 24 June 1867 declared the postal and telegraph system to be a federal matter. In the structure of the North German postal administration, the upper postal directorates existing in Prussia since 1849 were taken over as central authorities. The Prussian postal system was thus transferred to the Federation and the North German postal administrations were merged into it, so that the Norddeutsche Bundespost (1868-1871) under the leadership of Prussia was the first unified state postal service on German soil. The Federal Chancellery was in charge of its upper management, and the former Prussian General Post Office was integrated into it as Department I. In addition, the Directorate-General for Telegraphs was renamed Division II. The Post Office in the German Reich from 1871 to 1919 The foundation stone of the Deutsche Reichspost is the Reich Constitution of 16 April 1871. The only area of transport in which the Reich was able to directly promote its state and transport policy purposes was the postal and telegraph system. The Reichspost, which was set up as a direct Reich administration, extended its effectiveness to the entire territory of the Reich with the exception of the states of Bavaria and Württemberg, which had the so-called Postreservat granted to them for their internal postal relations. The postal service and the telegraph system, which were still independent at that time, were therefore a matter for the Reich. On 1 January 1876, both administrations merged organizationally with the creation of the "Reichspost- und Telegraphenverwaltung" (Reich Post and Telegraph Administration) as the highest authority, which consisted of the General Post Office and the General Directorate of Telegraphs. Both were subject to the postmaster general and formed first the I. and II. Department of the Reich Chancellery. The connection between post and telegraph created in this way was no longer solved afterwards. In addition, the postmaster general was removed from the Reich Chancellery and made independent. The Imperial Decree of 23 February 1880 also consolidated the General Post Office and the General Telegraph Office organisationally. The now established Reichspostamt was thus on an equal footing with the other supreme Reich authorities. He was directed by the Prussian Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan (1831-1897), who had already become the head of the General Post Office in 1870. The new design of the imperial postal system undoubtedly meant progress for traffic development. Economic advancement, the increasing importance of German foreign trade, the acquisition of colonies and the opening up of the oceans, and thus the global political and economic importance of Germany, posed special challenges for the postal service and telegraphy. Under Heinrich von Stephan's leadership, the Universal Postal Union was created in 1874. Foreign and colonial post offices took up their work. During the 1st World War the field post, which had existed in Prussia since the 18th century during the war, was reactivated. It was subordinate to the Field Chief Postmaster in the Great Headquarters and was subdivided into Army Post Offices, Field Post Inspections, Offices and Stations. In the occupied territories, the Deutsche Reichspost eliminated the state postal administrations there and created its own postal facilities in Belgium, Poland and Romania. The German Post and Telegraph Administration operating in the Baltic States in the postal area of the Commander-in-Chief East (November 1915 to December 1918; since August 1918: Military Post Office of the Commander-in-Chief East) was a military office and attached to the Oberost staff. Weimar Republic (1919-1933) The Reich Constitution of 1919 brought significant progress by unifying the postal and telecommunications systems in the hands of the Reich. In connection with the creation of Reich Ministers with parliamentary responsibility by the Law on the Provisional Imperial Authority of 10 February 1919, the decree of the Reich President of 21 March 1919 laid down the new names of the supreme Reich authorities. The Reichspostamt was also renamed the Reichspostministerium. A further consequence of the state revolution of 1918/19 were the state treaties of 29 and 31 March 1920, which also transferred the postal administrations of Württemberg and Bavaria to the Reich. However, they still retained a certain special position. The Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart was responsible for all internal affairs of the traffic area assigned to it, the Land of Württemberg, insofar as they were not generally reserved for the Reich Ministry of Posts, and for Bavaria even a separate Department VII (since 1924 Department VI) was created with its seat in Munich, a State Secretary at the head and the same extensive competence as in the Oberpostdirektion in Stuttgart. The character of the Reichspost was decisively influenced by the Reichspostfinanzgesetz, which came into force on 1 April 1924. The most important point was the separation of the post office from the rest of the Reich's budget. This made the Deutsche Reichspost economically independent as a special fund of the Reich. The Reichspostfinanzgesetz created the administrative board of the Deutsche Reichspost under the chairmanship of the Reichspost Minister. The Board of Directors had to decide on all significant business, financial and personnel matters. The implementation of the decisions of the Board of Administration was the responsibility of the Minister or the responsible structural parts of the Reich Ministry of Posts. National Socialism (1933-1945) From the outset, the authority left no doubt as to its attitude to National Socialism: "For the Deutsche Reichspost it was a matter of course to put National Socialist ideas into practice with all its might wherever it was possible, and to serve the Führer with all its being and doing". The formal repeal of the Reichspostfinanzgesetz by the Gesetz zur Vereinfachung und Verbilligung der Verwaltung of 27 February 1934 did not change anything about the special asset status of the Deutsche Reichspost, but it brought some fundamental changes. For example, the Administrative Board was dissolved and replaced by an Advisory Board, which had no decisive powers but only an advisory function. The law eliminated both Division VI in Munich and the special position of the Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart, after Hitler had rejected as premature an attempt by the Reichspost and Reich Traffic Minister, Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, to repeal it, which he had already made in May 1933. From 1 April 1934, the last special agreements of the Reichspost with the states of Bavaria and Württemberg expired, so that it was only from this point on that the "complete uniformity of the postal and telecommunications system in law and administration for the entire territory of the Reich" was established. On 1 October 1934, the Oberpostdirektionen received the designation "Reichspostdirektionen". The offices and offices were subordinated to them. By "Führererlass" of 2 February 1937, the personal union between the Reich Transport Minister and the Reich Post Minister, which had existed since 1932, was abolished and Wilhelm Ohnesorge (1872 to 1962) was again appointed Reich Post Minister. The occasion was the subordination of the Reichsbahn to Reich sovereignty. The unconditional capitulation of Germany at the end of the Second World War also meant the end of the German Reichspost. His written fixation of this fact was found in Articles 5 and 9 of a declaration of the Allied Control Council of June 5, 1945, according to which "all facilities and objects of the ... intelligence ... to hold at the disposal of the Allies' representatives" and "until the establishment of supervision over all means of communication" any broadcasting operation was prohibited. The postal and telecommunications services and the operation of their facilities were finally restarted at different times and separately by the respective Commanders-in-Chief according to the four occupation zones of Germany. 2 The tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost (German Imperial Postal Service) in the fields of social and technical progress as well as the effects of important inventions inevitably necessitated both the quantitative expansion of communication relations and their continuous improvement up to the introduction and application of new services in the postal and telegraph sectors. One of the main tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost, the carriage of news items, did not initially extend to all postal items. In the beginning, only closed letters and political newspapers that did not remain in the sender's town were affected by the so-called post compulsion. All open items (especially postcards and printed matter) for a place other than the place of dispatch and letters, parcels etc. for recipients in the place of dispatch could also be collected, transported and distributed by so-called private transport companies. Such "private posts" settled above all in large cities and increasingly opposed the German Reichspost as fierce competitors, for example through lower fee rates. The Reichspost had to get rid of this competition, especially since it was obliged to maintain expensive and sometimes even unprofitable delivery facilities even in the remotest areas of the Reich. The Postal Act Amendment of 20 Dec. 1899 therefore prohibited all commercially operated private post offices in the German Reich from 1 April 1900 and extended the postal obligation to sealed letters within the place of dispatch. The carriage of passengers From time immemorial, Swiss Post also dealt with the carriage of passengers. Before the advent of the railways, passenger transport by stagecoach was the most important means of public transport and, as such, was also part of the postal monopoly in many countries. The expansion of the railway network initially limited this traffic activity of the post office, but after the invention and further perfection of the automobile it gained importance again. Thus, since 1906/07, bus routes have been established ("Postkraftwagen-Überlandverkehr", often also called "Kraftposten" for short). They were expanded mainly in the years 1924 to 1929, so that on 1 April 1929 the Deutsche Reichspost operated almost 2000 Kraftpost lines with an operating length of more than 37,000 km and by that time had already carried 68 million passengers. The enormous economic and technical upswing in Germany after the foundation of the German Empire also meant that the Imperial Post and Telegraph Administration had to make use of its cash register facilities for the ever more flowing payment transactions. In addition to the banks, Swiss Post took over the regulation of cashless payment transactions: on 1 January 1909, the postal transfer and postal cheque service was opened in Germany (13 Postscheckkämter). Both the number of accounts and the amount of assets increased steadily in the following decades, with the exception of the two world wars. The banking activities of the Deutsche Reichspost, 'which serve to fulfil state activities and not to compete with the private sector', were divided into five main branches: postal order service, cash on delivery service, postal order service, postal transfer service, cheque service and postal savings bank service. The latter was introduced only after the annexation of Austria (a post office savings bank had existed here since 1883) on 1 January 1939. Telegraphs and radio telegraphy Although telegraphs were administered by an independent authority equivalent to the general post office before the Reichspost was founded, they had been closely related to the post office since 1854. In that year, the telegraph service in small communities in Prussia was transferred to the respective post office. Own telegraph stations usually existed only in cities and larger municipalities, where the operation was profitable. In 1871 there were a total of 3,535 telegraph stations in the German Reich (including Bavaria and Württemberg) with 107,485 km of telegraph lines and an annual output of over 10 million telegrams. By the beginning of the First World War, this figure had been six times higher. In contrast to the USA, where the population quickly made use of telephone traffic, the German public apparently did not initially want to make friends with the new telephone system. As early as 1877, General Postmaster Stephan had the first telephone line set up between the General Post Office in Leipzig and the General Telegraph Office in Französische Straße, and soon thereafter arranged for attempts to be made at longer distances. As late as 1880, however, Stephans' call for participation in a city telephone system in Berlin met with little approval, so that the first local traffic exchange began operations here in January 1881 with only 8 subscribers. However, the advantages of telephone traffic were soon recognised and the spread of the telephone increased rapidly. The 24-hour telephone service was first introduced in Munich in 1884, and Berlin opened its 10,000th telephone station in May 1889. As early as 1896 there were 130,000 "telephone stations" in Germany; in 1920 there were about 1.8 million, in 1930 over 3 million and in 1940 almost 5 million connections. Since the practical testing of Hertzian electromagnetic waves, i.e. since 1895, Swiss Post has paid great attention to the development and expansion of wireless telegraphy. From the very beginning, there was no doubt that the Reichspost was responsible for radio communications (as a type of communication). After the first radio telegraphy devices had been produced in Germany by Siemens and AEG and the first public radio stations had been put into operation in 1890, a regulated radio service began in the German Reich. In the following decades, the Reichspost retained the exclusive right to install and operate radio equipment. However, it was not in a position to carry out all the associated services itself and therefore delegated some of this right to other companies. Thus there were finally 3 groups of radio services: - the radio service operated by the Reichspost with its own radio stations (maritime radio, aeronautical radio), - the radio service operated by companies. The "Transradio AG für drahtlose Überseeverkehr" carried out the entire overseas radio traffic in the years 1921-1932 on behalf of the Deutsche Reichspost. Deep sea radio, train radio and police radio have been granted rights in their fields in a similar manner, - the radio services of public transport carriers such as Reichsbahn, Reichsautobahnen and waterways. Radio and television The exclusive competence for radio broadcasting also extended to radio broadcasting, which was established after the First World War. Legal and organisational issues had to be resolved for this new area of activity of Swiss Post more than for other areas. There are two phases to the relationship between the postal service and broadcasting: a) From 1923 to 1933, the Deutsche Reichspost was responsible for all legislative matters, the issuing of user regulations, the granting of licenses, the fixing and collection of fees, the setting up of transmitters, the technical operation and monitoring of economic management. The Reich Ministry of the Interior, together with the Länder governments, was responsible for the fundamental regulation of the political and cultural issues arising in the course of programme planning. The Reichspost left the broadcasting operations themselves to companies to which it granted a licence. The Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft, founded in 1923, acted as the umbrella organization, in which the Deutsche Reichspost held a major share through a majority of capital and votes and was headed by the Broadcasting Commissioner of the Deutsche Reichspost. b) In 1933, the newly created Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda assumed responsibility for all organizational and managerial issues relating to broadcasting; the Deutsche Reichspost remained only responsible for the cable network and transmitters, for licenses, fee collection and accounting. As a result of the Reichskulturkammergesetz of 22 September 1933, the Reichsrundfunkkammer was at the forefront of broadcasting, in which the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft and several other associations were represented. This marked the beginning of the absolute subordination of broadcasting to the National Socialist dictatorship. The first attempts at television were made in the 1920s, also under the direction of the Deutsche Reichspost. Swiss Post continued to play a major role in the scientific and technical development of television in the following years. After an improved Braun tube had been shown at the Funkausstellung Berlin in 1932, the 1933 annual report of the Deutsche Reichspost described trial television broadcasts in a large urban area as practically feasible. In March 1935, the Deutsche Reichspost set up the world's first public television station at the Reichspostmuseum in Berlin, where the public could follow the reception of the programmes free of charge. The Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda and the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft (RRG) shared the programming. The Reichspost Ministry subsidiary "Reichspost-Fernseh-GmbH" (since 1939) and the Reichsministerium für Luftfahrt (Reich Ministry of Aviation) were responsible for the transmitters "in view of their special significance for air traffic control and national air protection". 3. the organization and structure of the Deutsche Reichspost Of all the branches of the Reich administration, Die Post possessed the most extensive and clearly structured official substructure. It was taken over by the Prussian postal service in 1871 and was divided into the following 3 stages until the destruction of the German Reich in 1945: Since 1880, the new supreme Reich authority had been divided into three departments: Post (I), Telegraph (and soon Telephone) (II) and Personnel, Budget, Accounting and Construction (III). A short time later Stephan was appointed Secretary of State and was thus placed on an equal footing with the heads of the other Imperial Offices established in the meantime. Division III was divided in 1896. General administrative matters were assigned to the new Division III, while Division IV was now responsible for personnel, cash management and accounting. Later, cash and accounting were transferred back to Division III and Division IV retained only personnel matters. From 1919, now as the Reich Post Ministry, a fifth department for radio communications and a sixth for social affairs expanded the organizational structure. Section VI, however, fell away again after inflation in 1924, and at the same time sections III and V exchanged their designations, so that in this section the household, cash register and building trade, in that the telegraph and radio trade were dealt with, while section II was responsible for the telephone trade, initially still united with the telegraph building trade. On 1 June 1926 another department for economic and organisational questions was added, which was formed from the previous economic department. Since 1926 there have been eight departments: Abt. I Postwesen Abt. II Telegraphen- und Fernsprechtechnik und Fernsprachbetrieb Abt. III Telegraphenbetrieb und Funkwesen Abt. IV Personalwesen Abt. V Haushalts-, Kassen, Postscheck- und Bauwesen Abt. VI in Munich, for Bavaria, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VII for Württemberg, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VIII Wirtschaftsabteilung. From 1934 Abt. VI, later referred to as Abt. für Kraftfahrwesen, Maschinentechnik und Beschaffungswesen. From 30.11. 1942 Abt. VII: Independence of all radio and television affairs from Abt. III (since 1940 already under the direct control of State Secretary Flanze [at the same time President of the Reichspostzentralamt] as the "Special Department Fl") Under National Socialist rule in 1938, the Ministry was expanded by a Central Department (Min-Z) for political tasks and questions of personnel management. During the war, a foreign policy department, a colonial department and an eastern department were added. A special division F 1 for broadcasting affairs was also set up temporarily. During the Second World War, the organization of the postal system in the annexed and occupied territories was determined by the nature and intensity of its integration into the National Socialist sphere of power. In the annexed areas, the postal administration was completely taken over by the Deutsche Reichspost. In most occupied territories, on the other hand, the postal services of the respective countries remained unchanged. Next to them, the field post continued to work. A German service post was created in various administrative areas to supply the German occupation authorities, such as the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" (1939-1945), the Netherlands (1940-1945), Norway (1942-1945), the Adriatic and Alpine regions (both 1943-1945), the East and the Ukraine (both 1941-1944). The German service posts "Ostland" and "Ukraine", each under a general postal commissioner, simultaneously provided the business of the "Deutsche Post Ostland" and "Deutsche Post Ukraine", which were fictitious as Landespost. The attempts made by the Reich Ministry of Posts to establish a central management of the intelligence system of all annexed and invaded territories failed because of the principle of the unity of the administration in the respective territory. The Reich Ministry of Posts had a number of specialist offices for the handling of special subjects, such as the field post office, the motor vehicle office, the building administration office and the cheque office. The following departments were directly affiliated or subordinated to the Reich Ministry of Posts: - the General Post Office as the body responsible for the entire administration of the post office and telegraph system - the Postal Money Order Office. From 1 April 1912 it was placed under the control of the Postal Newspaper Office, from 1 January 1918 also under the control of the Berlin Postal Directorate; - the Postal Insurance Commission for Accident and Other Matters, which was transferred to the newly founded Versorgungsanstalt der Deutschen Reichspost on 1 August 1926. With this public corporation, the previously differently regulated supplementary provision for postal staff was standardised: two thirds of the contributions were paid by the Deutsche Reichspost and one third by the insured themselves. - the Reichsamt Telegraph Technical Office, founded in 1920. In 1928, it took over other tasks from the Reich Post Ministry area, such as railway postal issues, postal statistics, training and educational matters, cash and accounting and procurement, and was renamed the Reich Post Central Office - the Reich Post Museum, created in 1872; - the Reich Post Building Inspectorate, formed in 1937 to realize the postal service needs in the structural redesign of Berlin. - the Postal Savings Bank Office in Vienna, which was taken over after the annexation of Austria in March 1938. In direct subordination to the Reich Ministry of Posts, it was responsible for the central account management of the Postal Savings Bank Service after it had been extended to the Old Empire. The "Postschutz", a paramilitary association under the umbrella of the Postal Ministry, had a special position. In June 1935, the Reich leadership of the SS and the Supreme SA leadership agreed on binding regulations regarding the affiliation of postal workers to the SA or SS. The postal service and thus also the postal security service were given priority over 'any use by the SA and SS. The claim for purposes of the SA and SS outside the postal service must not be to the detriment of the proper operation of the postal service', it said. Postal security was uniformed and uniformly armed. The research institute of the Deutsche Reichspost, founded on 1 January 1937, investigated special problems in television technology. The Reichspostforschungsanstalt was responsible for the coordination of all television armaments projects and orders to industry. It dealt with the further development of the research areas for military purposes. The scope of tasks is outlined in a document signed by Ohnesorge: "1. television; 2. general physics, in particular atomic physics, optics, acoustics, electronics; 3. chemistry; 4. special tasks for the four-year plan". The Reichsdruckerei was not integrated into the structure of the Reichspost, but was associated with its top management in personal union. On 1 Apr. 1879 it was placed under the control of the Reichspost- und Telegraphenverwaltung as an independent imperial enterprise. Through its products it maintained very close relations with the Reichspost, since, for example, postage stamps, postal cheques, the Reichskursbuch, etc. were produced for the account of the post office cashier. The Oberpostdirektionen/Reichspostdirektionen The Oberpostdirektionen (OPD) as intermediate authorities between the Berlin headquarters and the post offices were established as early as 1850 in Prussia. After their transfer to the Reichspost, they were among the higher Reich authorities. The Ministry of Postal Affairs has delegated more and more responsibilities to the OPDen, so that their freedom of action grew steadily and they gradually became the focus of the postal administration. 1928 saw the establishment of Managing Directorates of Higher Postal Services, which together assumed responsibility for certain tasks for a district group (= several OPD districts) (e.g. training and education, procurement and utilities). 1934-1945 as Reichspostdirektionen (RPD), they were subject to many changes in their area and in their number. In 1943 there were 51 RPD. The post office cheque offices (established in 1909), the telegraph building offices and the telegraph tool offices (established in 1920) were responsible for several OPD/RPDs and thus also to be regarded as intermediate authorities. The Post Offices The Post Offices, referred to in the area of the Deutsche Reichspost as Verkehrsämter and Amtsstellen, formed the local offices of the lowest level; they were subordinate to the OPD/RPD closest to each other. The local offices included not only the post offices, which were divided into three classes until 1924 (only since 1924 did they have a uniform designation as post offices), but also the post agencies, postal assistance offices, railway post offices, telegraph and telephone offices as well as public pay telephones in the municipalities which were subordinate to them. In 1942 there were about 70,000 such offices and offices in the German Reich. Inventory description: Introduction The history of the Deutsche Reichspost Prehistory up to 1867 Due to the territorial fragmentation of the Reich, a uniform postal system had not been able to develop in Germany. Still in the first half of the 19th century, 17 independent state postal regions existed alongside the "Reichs-Post" of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis, which had already been commissioned by the Emperor in the 16th century to carry out the postal shelf and which had since then operated primarily in the smaller and smallest German territories. The conclusion of treaties between individual Länder of the German Confederation, including the establishment of the German-Austrian Postal Association in 1850, did indeed lead to the unification of postal traffic; however, in 1866 there were still 9 land despatch areas in Germany. The post office in the Kingdom of Prussia had developed into the most important national post office at the national level. The Prussian postal area included the duchy of Anhalt, the principalities of Waldeck-Pyrmont and Oldenburg-Birkenfeld, parts of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Sondershausen, parts of Saxony-Weimar, as well as post offices in Hamburg and Bremen. From 1866 the Duchy of Lauenburg and the Province of Hanover, from 1867 Schleswig-Holstein and the Oldenburg Principality of Lübeck as well as former Bavarian areas in the Rhön, Spessart, the exclave Caulsdorf and from 1 July 1867 the states in Thuringia and Southern Germany which had previously been united in the Thurn und Taxischer Postverein were added. From the North German Confederation to the Foundation of the Reich (1867-1871) The constitution of the North German Confederation of 24 June 1867 declared the postal and telegraph system to be a federal matter. In the structure of the North German postal administration, the upper postal directorates existing in Prussia since 1849 were taken over as central authorities. The Prussian postal system was thus transferred to the Federation and the North German postal administrations were merged into it, so that the Norddeutsche Bundespost (1868-1871) under the leadership of Prussia was the first unified state postal service on German soil. The Federal Chancellery was in charge of its upper management, and the former Prussian General Post Office was integrated into it as Department I. In addition, the Directorate-General for Telegraphs was renamed Division II. The Post Office in the German Reich from 1871 to 1919 The cornerstone of the Deutsche Reichspost was the Reich Constitution of 16 April 1871. The only area of transport in which the Reich was able to directly promote its state and transport policy purposes was the postal and telegraph system. The Reichspost, which was set up as a direct Reich administration, extended its effectiveness to the entire territory of the Reich with the exception of the states of Bavaria and Württemberg, which had the so-called Postreservat granted to them for their internal postal relations. The postal system and the telegraph system, which were still independent at that time, were therefore a matter for the Reich. On 1 January 1876, both administrations merged organizationally with the creation of the "Reichspost- und Telegrafenverwaltung" as the highest authority, consisting of the Generalpostamt and the Generaldirektion der Telegrafen. Both were subject to the postmaster general and formed first the I. and II. Department of the Reich Chancellery. The connection between the postal and telegraph systems created in this way was no longer resolved afterwards. In addition, the postmaster general was removed from the Reich Chancellery and made independent. The Imperial Decree of 23 February 1880 also combined the General Post Office and the General Telegraph Office organisationally. The now established Reichspostamt was thus on an equal footing with the other supreme Reich authorities. He was directed by the Prussian Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan (1831-1897), who had already become the head of the General Post Office in 1870. The new design of the imperial postal system undoubtedly meant progress for traffic development. Economic advancement, the increasing importance of German foreign trade, the acquisition of colonies and the opening up of the oceans, and thus the global political and economic importance of Germany, posed special challenges for the postal service and telegraphy. Under Heinrich von Stephan's leadership, the Universal Postal Union was created in 1874; foreign and colonial post offices began their work. During the 1st World War the field post, which had existed in Prussia since the 18th century during the war, was reactivated. It was subordinate to the Field Chief Postmaster in the Great Headquarters and was subdivided into Army Post Offices, Field Post Inspections, Offices and Stations. In the occupied territories, the Deutsche Reichspost eliminated the state postal administrations there and created its own postal facilities in Belgium, Poland and Romania. The German Post and Telegraph Administration operating in the Baltic States in the postal area of the Supreme Commander East (November 1915 to December 1918; since August 1918: Military Post Office of the Supreme Commander East) was a military office and attached to the Oberost Staff. Weimar Republic (1919-1933) The Reich Constitution of 1919 brought significant progress by unifying the postal and telecommunications systems in the hands of the Reich. In connection with the creation of Reich Ministers with parliamentary responsibility by the law on the provisional power of the Reich of 10 February 1919, the decree of the Reich President of 21 March 1919 laid down the new names of the supreme Reich authorities. The Reichspostamt was also renamed the Reichspostministerium. A further consequence of the state revolution of 1918/19 were the state treaties of 29 and 31 March 1920, which also transferred the postal administrations of Württemberg and Bavaria to the Reich. However, they still retained a certain special position. The Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart was responsible for all internal affairs of the traffic area assigned to it, the State of Württemberg, insofar as they were not generally reserved for the Reich Ministry of Posts, and for Bavaria even a separate Department VII (since 1924 Department VI) was created with its seat in Munich, a State Secretary at the head and the same extensive competence as in the Oberpostdirektion in Stuttgart. The character of the Reichspost was decisively influenced by the Reichs-postfinanzgesetz, which came into force on 1 April 1924. The most important point was the separation of the post office from the rest of the Reich's budget. This made the Deutsche Reichspost economically independent as a special fund of the Reich. The Reichspostfinanzgesetz created the administrative board of the Deutsche Reichspost under the chairmanship of the Reichspost Minister. The Board of Directors had to decide on all significant business, financial and personnel matters. The implementation of the decisions of the Board of Administration was the responsibility of the Minister or the responsible structural parts of the Reich Ministry of Posts. National Socialism (1933-1945) From the outset, the authority left no doubt as to its attitude to National Socialism: "For the Deutsche Reichspost it was a matter of course to put National Socialist ideas into practice with all its might wherever it was possible, and to serve the Führer with all its being and doing". The formal repeal of the Reichspostfinanzgesetz by the Gesetz zur Vereinfachung und Verbilligung der Verwaltung of 27 February 1934 did not change anything about the special asset status of the Deutsche Reichspost, but it brought some fundamental changes. For example, the Administrative Board was dissolved and replaced by an Advisory Board, which had no decisive powers but only an advisory function. The law eliminated both Division VI in Munich and the special position of the Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart, after Hitler had rejected as premature an attempt by the Reichspost and Reich Traffic Minister, Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, to repeal it, which he had already made in May 1933. From 1 April 1934, the last special agreements of the Reichspost with the states of Bavaria and Württemberg expired, so that it was only from this point on that the "complete uniformity of the postal and telecommunications system in law and administration for the entire territory of the Reich" was established. On 1 October 1934, the Oberpostdirektionen received the designation "Reichspostdirektionen". The offices and offices were subordinated to them. By "Führererlass" of 2 February 1937, the personal union between the Reich Transport Minister and the Reich Post Minister, which had existed since 1932, was abolished and Wilhelm Ohnesorge (1872 to 1962) was again appointed Reich Post Minister. The occasion was the subordination of the Reichsbahn to Reich sovereignty. The unconditional capitulation of Germany at the end of the Second World War also meant the end of the German Reichspost. His written fixation of this fact was found in Articles 5 and 9 of a declaration of the Allied Control Council of June 5, 1945, according to which "all facilities and objects of the ... intelligence ... to hold at the disposal of the Allies' representatives" and "until the establishment of supervision over all means of communication" any broadcasting operation was prohibited. The postal and telecommunications services and the operation of their facilities were finally restarted at different times and separately by the respective Commanders-in-Chief according to the four occupation zones of Germany. The tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost (German Imperial Postal Service) were social and technical progress, as well as the effects of important inventions, which inevitably led to both the quantitative expansion of communication relations and their continuous improvement, right up to the introduction and application of new services in the postal, telegraph and radio sectors. One of the main tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost, the carriage of news items, did not initially extend to all postal items. In the beginning, only closed letters and political newspapers that did not remain in the sender's town were affected by the so-called post compulsion. All open items (especially postcards and printed matter) for a place other than the place of dispatch and letters, parcels etc. for recipients in the place of dispatch could also be collected, transported and distributed by so-called private transport companies. Such "private posts" settled above all in large cities and increasingly opposed the German Reichspost as fierce competitors, for example through lower fee rates. The Reichspost had to get rid of this competition, especially since it was obliged to maintain expensive and sometimes even unprofitable delivery facilities even in the remotest areas of the Reich. The Postal Act Amendment of 20 Dec. 1899 therefore prohibited all commercially operated private post offices in the German Reich from 1 April 1900 and extended the postal obligation to sealed letters within the place of dispatch. The carriage of passengers From time immemorial, Swiss Post also dealt with the carriage of passengers. Before the advent of the railways, passenger transport by stagecoach was the most important means of public transport and, as such, was also part of the postal monopoly in many countries. The expansion of the railway network initially limited this traffic activity of the post office, but after the invention and further perfection of the automobile it gained importance again. Thus, since 1906/07, bus routes have been established ("Postkraftwagen-Überlandverkehr", often also called "Kraftposten" for short). They were expanded mainly in the years 1924 to 1929, so that on 1 April 1929 the Deutsche Reichspost operated almost 2000 Kraftpost lines with an operating length of more than 37,000 km and by that time had already carried 68 million passengers. The enormous economic and technical upswing in Germany after the foundation of the German Empire also meant that the Imperial Post Office and Telegraph Administration had to make use of their cash register facilities for the ever-increasing flow of payment transactions. In addition to the banks, Swiss Post took over the regulation of cashless payment transactions: on 1 January 1909, the postal transfer and postal cheque service was opened in Germany (13 Postscheckkämter). Both the number of accounts and the amount of assets increased steadily in the following decades, with the exception of the two world wars. The banking activity of the Deutsche Reichspost, 'which serves the fulfilment of state activities, not competition with the private sector', was divided into five main branches: postal order service, postal COD service, postal order service, postal transfer and cheque service, postal savings bank service. The latter was introduced only after the annexation of Austria (a post office savings bank had existed here since 1883) on 1 January 1939. Telegraphy and radio telegraphy Although telegraphy was administered by an independent authority equivalent to the general post office before the Reichspost was founded, it had been closely related to the post office since 1854. In that year, in Prussia, the telegraph service in small communities was transferred to the respective postal service. Own telegraph stations usually existed only in cities and larger municipalities, where the operation was profitable. In 1871 there were a total of 3,535 telegraph stations in the German Reich (including Bavaria and Württemberg) with 107,485 km of telegraph lines and an annual output of over 10 million telegrams. By the beginning of the First World War, this figure had been six times higher. In contrast to the USA, where the population quickly made use of telephone traffic, the German public apparently did not initially want to make friends with the new telephone system. As early as 1877, General Postmaster Stephan had the first telephone line set up between the General Post Office in Leipzig and the General Telegraph Office in Französische Straße, and soon thereafter arranged for attempts to be made at longer distances. As late as 1880, however, Stephans' call for participation in a city telephone system in Berlin met with little approval, so that the first local traffic exchange began operations here in January 1881 with only 8 subscribers. However, the advantages of telephone traffic were soon recognised and the spread of the telephone increased rapidly. The 24-hour telephone service was first introduced in Munich in 1884, and Berlin opened its 10,000th telephone station in May 1889. As early as 1896 there were 130,000 "telephone stations" in Germany; in 1920 there were about 1.8 million, in 1930 over 3 million and in 1940 almost 5 million connections. Since the practical testing of Hertzian electromagnetic waves, i.e. since 1895, Swiss Post has paid great attention to the development and expansion of wireless telegraphy. From the very beginning, there was no doubt that the Reichspost was responsible for radio communications (as a type of communication). After the first radio telegraphy devices had been produced in Germany by Siemens and AEG and the first public radio stations had been put into operation in 1890, a regulated radio service began in the German Reich. In the following decades, the Reichspost retained the exclusive right to install and operate radio equipment. However, it was not in a position to carry out all the associated services itself and therefore delegated some of this right to other companies. Thus there were finally 3 groups of radio services: - the radio service operated by the Reichspost with its own radio stations (maritime radio, aeronautical radio), - the radio service operated by companies. The "Transradio AG für drahtlose Überseeverkehr" carried out the entire overseas radio traffic in the years 1921-1932 on behalf of the Deutsche Reichspost. Deep sea radio, train radio and police radio have been granted rights in their fields in a similar manner, - the radio services of public transport carriers such as Reichsbahn, Reichsautobahnen and waterways. Radio and television The exclusive competence for radio broadcasting also extended to radio broadcasting, which was established after the First World War. Legal and organisational issues had to be resolved for this new area of activity of Swiss Post more than for other areas. There are two phases to the relationship between the postal service and broadcasting: a) From 1923 to 1933, the Deutsche Reichspost was responsible for all legislative matters, the issuing of user regulations, the granting of licenses, the fixing and collection of fees, the setting up of transmitters, the technical operation and monitoring of economic management. The Reich Ministry of the Interior, together with the Länder governments, was responsible for the fundamental regulation of the political and cultural issues arising in the course of programme planning. The Reichspost left the broadcasting operations themselves to companies to which it granted a licence. The Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft, founded in 1923, acted as the umbrella organization, in which the Deutsche Reichspost held a major share through a majority of capital and votes and was headed by the Broadcasting Commissioner of the Deutsche Reichspost. b) In 1933, the newly created Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda assumed responsibility for all organizational and managerial issues relating to broadcasting; the Deutsche Reichspost remained only responsible for the cable network and transmitters, for licenses, fee collection and accounting. As a result of the Reichskulturkammergesetz of 22 September 1933, the Reichsrundfunkkammer was at the forefront of broadcasting, in which the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft and several other associations were represented. This marked the beginning of the absolute subordination of broadcasting to the National Socialist dictatorship. The first attempts at television were made in the 1920s, also under the direction of the Deutsche Reichspost. Swiss Post continued to play a major role in the scientific and technical development of television in the following years. After an improved Braun tube had been shown at the Funkausstellung Berlin in 1932, the 1933 annual report of the Deutsche Reichspost described trial television broadcasts in a large urban area as practically feasible. In March 1935, the Deutsche Reichspost set up the world's first public television station at the Reichspostmuseum in Berlin, where the public could follow the reception of the programmes free of charge. The Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda and the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft (RRG) shared the programming. The Reichspost Ministry subsidiary "Reichspost-Fernseh-GmbH" (since 1939) and the Reichsministerium für Luftfahrt (Reich Ministry of Aviation) were responsible for the transmitters "in view of their special significance for air traffic control and national air protection". The organisation and structure of the Deutsche Reichspost Of all the branches of the Reich administration, Die Post possessed the most extensive and clearly structured official substructure. It was taken over by the Prussian postal service in 1871 and was divided into the following 3 stages until the destruction of the German Reich in 1945: The Reichspostamt / Reichspostministerium Since 1880, the supreme Reichsbehörde has been divided into three departments: Post (I), Telegraph (and soon Telephone) (II) and Personnel, Budget, Accounting and Construction (III). A short time later Stephan was appointed Secretary of State and was thus placed on an equal footing with the heads of the other Imperial Offices established in the meantime. Division III was divided in 1896. General administrative matters were assigned to the new Division III, while Division IV was now responsible for personnel, cash management and accounting. Later, cash and accounting were transferred back to Division III and Division IV retained only personnel matters. From 1919, now as the Reich Post Ministry, a fifth department for radio communications and a sixth for social affairs expanded the organizational structure. Section VI, however, was discontinued after inflation in 1924, and at the same time Sections III and V exchanged their designations, so that in this Section the household, cash register and building trade, in that Section the telegraph and radio trade were dealt with, while Section II was responsible for the telephone trade, initially still combined with the telegraph building trade. On 1 June 1926 another department for economic and organisational questions was added, which was formed from the previous economic department. Since 1926 there have been eight departments: Abt. I Postwesen Abt. II Telegrafen- und Fernsprechtechnik und Fernsprachbetrieb Abt. III Telegrafenbetrieb und Funkwesen Abt. IV Personalwesen Abt. V Haushalts-, Kassen, Postscheck- und Bauwesen Abt. VI in Munich, for Bavaria, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VII for Württemberg, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VIII Wirtschaftsabteilung. From 1934 Abt. VI, later referred to as Abt. für Kraftfahrwesen, Maschinentechnik und Beschaffungswesen. From 30.11. 1942 Abt. VII: Independence of all radio and television affairs from Abt. III (since 1940 already under the direct control of State Secretary Flanze [at the same time President of the Reichspostzentralamt] as the "Special Department Fl") Under National Socialist rule in 1938, the Ministry was expanded by a Central Department (Min-Z) for political tasks and questions of personnel management. During the war, a foreign policy department, a colonial department and an eastern department were added. A special division F 1 for broadcasting affairs was also set up temporarily. During the Second World War, the organization of the postal system in the annexed and occupied territories was determined by the nature and intensity of its integration into the National Socialist sphere of power. In the annexed areas, the postal administration was completely taken over by the Deutsche Reichspost. In most occupied territories, on the other hand, the postal services of the respective countries remained unchanged. Next to them, the field post continued to work. A German service post was created in various administrative areas to supply the German occupation authorities, such as the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" (1939-1945), the Netherlands (1940-1945), Norway (1942-1945), the Adriatic and Alpine regions (both 1943-1945), the East and the Ukraine (both 1941-1944). The German service posts "Ostland" and "Ukraine", each under a general postal commissioner, simultaneously provided the business of the "Deutsche Post Ostland" and "Deutsche Post Ukraine", which were fictitious as Landespost. The attempts made by the Reich Ministry of Posts to establish a central management of the intelligence system of all annexed and invaded territories failed because of the principle of the unity of the administration in the respective territory. The Reich Ministry of Posts had a number of specialist offices for the handling of special subjects, such as the field post office, the motor vehicle office, the building administration office and the cheque office. The following departments were directly affiliated or subordinated to the Reich Ministry of Posts: - the General Post Office as the body responsible for the entire administration of the post office and telegraph system, - the Postal Money Order Office. From 1 April 1912 it was subordinated to the Oberpostdirektion Berlin as the postal accounting office from 1 April 1912, - the Postzeitungsamt, from 1 January 1918 also subordinated to the Oberpostdirektion Berlin, - the Postversicherungskommission für Angelegenheiten der Unfall- u.a. -fürsorge, which was transferred to the newly founded Versorgungsanstalt der Deutschen Reichspost on 1 August 1926. With this public corporation, the previously differently regulated supplementary provision for postal staff was unified: two thirds of the contributions were paid by the Deutsche Reichspost and one third by the insured themselves, - the Telegrafentechnische Reichsamt, founded in 1920. In 1928, it assumed further tasks from the Reich Post Ministry, such as railway postal issues, postal statistics, training and teaching matters, cash and accounting and procurement, and was renamed the Reich Post Central Office, - the Reich Post Museum, created in 1872, - the Reich Post Building Inspectorate, formed in 1937 to meet the postal service's needs in the structural redesign of Berlin, - the Postal Savings Bank Office in Vienna, which was taken over after the annexation of Austria in March 1938. In direct subordination to the Reich Ministry of Posts, it was responsible for the central account management of the Postal Savings Bank Service after it had been extended to the Old Empire. The "Postschutz", a paramilitary association under the umbrella of the Postal Ministry, had a special position. In June 1935, the Reich leadership of the SS and the Supreme SA leadership agreed on binding regulations regarding the affiliation of postal workers to the SA or SS. The postal service and thus also the postal security service were given priority over 'any use by the SA and SS. The claim for purposes of the SA and SS outside the postal service must not be to the detriment of the proper operation of the postal service', it said. Postal security was uniformed and uniformly armed. The research institute of the Deutsche Reichspost, founded on 1 January 1937, investigated special problems in television technology. The Reichspostforschungsanstalt was responsible for the coordination of all television armaments projects and orders to industry. It dealt with the further development of research areas for military purposes. The tasks are outlined in a document signed by Ohnesorge: "1. television; 2. general physics, in particular nuclear physics, optics, acoustics, electronics; 3. chemistry; 4. special tasks for the four-year plan". The Reichsdruckerei was not integrated into the structure of the Reichspost, but was associated with its top management in personal union. On 1 April 1879 it was placed under the control of the Reich Post and Telegraph Administration as an independent Reich enterprise. Through its products it maintained very close relations with the Reichspost, since, for example, postage stamps, postal cheques, the Reichskursbuch, etc. were produced for the account of the post office cashier. The Oberpostdirektionen/Reichspostdirektionen The Oberpostdirektionen (OPD) as intermediate authorities between the Berlin headquarters and the post offices were established as early as 1850 in Prussia. After their transfer to the Reichspost, they were among the higher Reich authorities. The Ministry of Postal Affairs has delegated more and more responsibilities to the OPDen, so that their freedom of action grew steadily and they gradually became the focus of the postal administration. 1928 saw the establishment of managing higher postal directorates, which together took over the leadership of a district group (several OPD districts) for certain tasks (e.g. training and education as well as procurement and supply). 1934 to 1945 as Reichspostdirektionen (RPD), they were subject to many changes in their area and in their number. In 1943 there were 51 RPD. The post office cheque offices (formed in 1909), the telegraph construction offices and the telegraph tool offices (set up in 1920) were responsible for several OPD/RPDs and thus also to be regarded as intermediate authorities. The Post Offices The Post Offices, referred to in the area of the Deutsche Reichspost as Verkehrsämter and Amtsstellen, formed the local offices of the lowest level; they were subordinate to the OPD/RPD closest to each other. The local offices included not only the post offices, which were divided into three classes until 1924 (only since 1924 did they have a uniform designation as post offices), but also the post agencies, postal assistance offices, railway post offices, telegraph and telephone offices as well as public pay telephones in the municipalities which were subordinate to them. In 1942 there were about 70,000 such offices and offices in the German Reich. The division into "secret archive" and "secret registry" was characteristic of the registry relations in the RPM until 1928. The general files and most important special files from the "Secret Registry" were transferred to the "Secret Archive", as were historically valuable files from the dissolved postal administrations of the German Länder, so that the "Secret Archive" developed more and more into a selection archive. In contrast, the "secret registry" was the actual general registry of the RPM. It consisted of a frequently changing number of registries. In the mid-twenties there were seventeen of them. The number of registries was greatly reduced by the formation of so-called specialist parties for individual fields of activity, such as Bp (Postbankverkehr) or Zp (Postal Newspapers). On January 1, 1928, a file plan was put into effect in the RPM and a little later in the entire area of the Deutsche Reichspost, the main features of which were still valid in the Deutsche Bundespost and in the Deutsche Post of the GDR until their end. It consisted of eight main groups, which essentially correspond to the present classification of the file stock, here on the basis of the file plan from the year 1938 under consideration of structural conditions of the inventory creator. In the period from 1933 to 1941, the Reich Ministry of Posts had handed over about 2,200 historically valuable file units, which were no longer needed in the service, to the Reich Archives. Towards the end of the war, most of the files, together with other holdings, were moved to the potash shafts near Staßfurt and Schönebeck. They survived the war there without any significant casualties. The files that had not been removed from the Reichsarchiv, above all the partial holdings of the Reichsdruckerei, were burnt during the air raid on Potsdam in April 1945. Losses were also recorded in the files remaining in the various departments of the RPM, in particular in a total of 15 alternative offices in the countryside, where the documents had been successively transferred since 1943, but also in the RPM building itself, which had been severely damaged by several bomb hits in the years 1943 to 1945. The total file loss of the RPM after 1945 was estimated at 2,417 files. The existing files formed the basis for the later named component R 4701 I, which until 1990 was located in the Central State Archives in Potsdam (ZStA) and was transferred to the Federal Archives with German unity. The holdings in the Federal Archives at the time of the retroconversion of the finding aids in 2009 For the period from 1945 onwards, the RPM file holdings must be viewed in a differentiated way, because its four parts have reached the Federal Archives in very different ways and accordingly had received not only their own history of tradition, but also their own finding aids, their own signatures, etc. For example, the letters B, D, GA, and P were used as signature additions, which sometimes proved to be quite impractical, not only in archival practice. For a long time it had been planned to record all parts in a common finding aid book. Since around 1990, the following distinguishing features have been used, but these have hardly had any effect on everyday archival life. Part R 4701 I, formerly R 47.01 - Potsdam until 1990 This is the bulk of the collection stored in the Central State Archives in Potsdam. As a rule, the designation R 4701 I was not used, but only R 4701 with the following signature, formerly R 47.01. This also contained the above-mentioned files with the additional identification letters. This part of the collection, which was outsourced by the Reichsarchiv, was transferred to the then Deutsche Zentralarchiv Potsdam in 1950. The DZA Potsdam received the majority of the files in 1957, 1960 and 1966 from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the GDR, but initially only the old files with a term until 1928 were handed over. The files since the introduction of the file plan in 1928 still remained in the GDR Ministry and were only handed over to the ZStA Potsdam in 1983, but by far not completely (cf. remarks on R 4701 II). In addition, RPM files from former storage sites in Potsdam had also been transferred to the DZA Potsdam in 1961. Also at the beginning of the 1960s, all files that were stored in

History of the Inventory Designer: 1872 Establishment of the Imperial Statistical Office by the Imperial Chancellor with the issue of a business instruction by the Imperial Chancellor, first subordinated to the Imperial Chancellery, since 1879 to the Imperial Office of the Interior and since 1918 with simultaneous renaming into the Imperial Statistical Office to the Imperial Ministry of Economics, 1934 Merger with the Prussian Statistical Office The task of the Office was the collection of material for Imperial Statistics, its technical and scientific examination, processing and publication, expert reporting on statistical issues. Inventory description: Inventory history Due to the effects of war and the collapse of the German Reich, the records of the Reich Statistical Office suffered heavy losses. At the Berlin headquarters in the Neue Königstraße, parts of the statistical material were destroyed during bomb attacks in May 1945. During the demolition of the building in 1945, the central registry was completely destroyed and approximately 10 of the 200,000 volumes of the library were lost. In the years 1943/44 several departments or departments with their written material had been moved to alternative locations. Much of the material that remained in the territories later occupied by Soviet troops was destroyed, while others were sent to the then Central State Archive in Potsdam. In April, the Dargun and Weimar branches were able to bring important material to Schwerin, from where the staff of the Reich Statistical Office there were able to flee to Hamburg at the end of April with parts of the documents in Schwerin. In Schwerin the original material of industrial production statistics and the mass of price statistics documents fell into Russian hands. The parts of the tax statistics that had been moved to Wernigerode were transported to Derenburg in Hesse before the retreat of the American troops. The stocks brought to Würzburg suffered losses due to bomb damage; the remaining documents were preserved. After 1945, the stock that had been relocated to the western occupation zones and the fragments of the traditions rescued from the Soviet occupation zone were concentrated in three places: 1. in the British occupation zone in the Statistical Office in Hamburg and Minden 2. and in the American occupation zone in the Ministerial Collecting Center in Fürstenhagen near Kassel; from there larger parts were brought to the USA 3. in the French occupation zone in the Office for Statistics and Economic Development in Baden-Baden. Essentially, the documents that fell into the hands of the Western occupying powers at the time were sent to the Federal Archives via the American Document Center in Berlin, the Federal Statistical Office or the USA. Archival evaluation and processing The successive transfer of parts of the collection from the Reich Statistical Office to the Federal Archives has led to a gradual recording of the holdings. The documents on the excise tax statistics, which came to the Federal Archives in 1952 with written documents from other American departments, were indexed in a finding aid book. The material returned from Alexandria in 1958 was provisionally developed in 1959. After a return of the files from the Berlin Document Center in 1962 and further splinter deliveries, a provisional completion of the indexing could be achieved in 1968. All the documents of the Statistical Office of the Reich that had entered the Federal Archives were indexed by a index of finds, whereby parts of the material recorded in the index of consumption statistics were re-signed. The publications of the Statistisches Reichsamt available in the Budnesarchiv at that time were recorded in a second index. Later, the Federal Statistical Office, in particular, was able to adopt further documents from agricultural statistics, industrial production statistics and the Reich Office for Defense Economic Planning and social statistics. Further exhibitor provenances were incorporated from the traditions of the Reichsnährstand and the Reichsstelle für Raumordnung which had been passed on to the Federal Archives. In addition, the Imperial War Museum in London handed over to the Federal Archives some relevant documents of small volume. In the winter of 1975, these additions were also incorporated into the inventory. Characterization of content: The following groups of written documents are to be named as the main focus of the collection: - Social statistics - Industry - Financial and tax statistics - Transport and communications - Abroad - Money and loans, insurance Part 1 (formerly: ZStA 31.02): Organisation and business operations 1922-1945 (186); Population and area 1925, 1933-1943 (28); Cross-sectoral economic activities 1910-1944 (533); Armament and war economy 1933-1947 (312); Industry 1910-1946 (542); Agriculture and forestry, fishing 1913, 1924-1945 (93); Transport and transportation 1924-1945 (475); Post and telegraph 1913-1944 (12); Crafts 1895, 1936-1944 (8); Arts and culture 1930-1944 (88); Medicine and sport 1928-1945 (72); Social services 1909-1945 (164); Education 1937, 1939-1944 (4); Finance and taxes 1913-1945 (177); Money and credit, insurance 1876-1946 (223); Justice and crime statistics 1937-1941 (3); Foreign countries 1904-1944 (640). Part 2 (formerly: BArch R 24): Administration 1923-1945 (16); Trade and transport statistics 1927-1944 (11); Social statistics 1927-1945 (1633); Population, business and cultural statistics 1910-1944 (5); Financial and tax statistics 1913-1945 (527); Summary economic statistics 1934-1945 (53); industrial production statistics 1936-1945 (35); general foreign statistics 1927-1945 (107); statistical communications - Memel 1932-1934 (2). State of development: Findbuch für Teil 1 (1982) Findbuch für Teil 2 (1975) Citation method: BArch, R 3102/...

History of the Inventory Designer: On April 1, 1901, foundation of the "Königliche Versuchs- und Prüfungsanstalt für Wasserver‧sorgung und Abwasserbeseitigung" (Royal Testing and Examination Institute for Wasserver‧sorgung and Sewage Disposal), which was initially subordinate to the Prussian Minister of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs and, from April 1, 1911, to the Prussian Minister of the Interior, Mini‧sterium des Innern (Mini‧sterium of the Interior); with the decree of the Prussian Minister of the Interior of April 27, 1911, the "Königliche Versuchs- und Prüfungsanstalt für Wasserver‧sorgung und Abwasserbeseitigung" (Royal Testing and Examination Institute for Wasserver‧sorgung and Sewage Disposal) was founded. In February 1913, the name was changed to "Königliche Landesanstalt für Wasserhygiene"; with the joint decree of the Prussian Ministers for Public Welfare, Trade and Commerce and for Agriculture, Domains and Forests of 25 April 1923, the institution was given the title "Landesanstalt für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene"; the President of Reichsge‧sundheitsamtes, Professor Dr. Reiter, was entrusted by decree of the Reich and Prussian Minister of the Interior of 2 February 1935 with the performance of the duties of the President of the Preu‧ßischen Landesanstalt für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene; the supervisory authority was the Reich Ministry of the Interior; with the 1st Reich Ministry of the Interior he was entrusted with the management of the affairs of the President of the Preu‧ßischen Landesanstalt für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene; with the 1st Reich Ministry of the Interior. April 1942 Conversion of the institution into the "Reichsanstalt für Wasser- und Luftgüte" and extension of its field of activity to the ge‧samte German Reich: Professor Dr. Konrich became director; after the Second World War Umbe‧nennung in Institut für Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene as branch office 3 of Zentral‧instituts for hygiene and health service. Inventory description: On April 1, 1901, the "Königliche Versuchs- und Prüfungsanstalt für Wasserversorgung und Abwasserbeseitigung" was founded, which was initially subordinate to the Prussian Minister of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs and, from April 1, 1911, to the Prussian Ministry of the Interior. With the decree of the Prussian Minister of the Interior of 27 February 1913 the name was changed to "Königliche Landesanstalt für Wasserhygiene". With the joint decree of the Prussian Ministers for Public Welfare, Trade and Commerce and for Agriculture, Domains and Forests of 25 April 1923, the institution was given the title "State Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene". The President of the Reich Health Office, Prof. Dr. Reiter, was commissioned by decree of the Reich and Prussian Minister of the Interior on February 2, 1935, to carry out the duties of the President of the Prussian State Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene; the supervisory authority was the Reich Ministry of the Interior. On 1 April 1942, the institution was converted into the "Reichsanstalt für Wasser- und Luftgüte" (Reich Institute for Water and Air Quality) and its field of activity extended to the entire German Reich. Prof. Dr. Konrich was appointed director. After the Second World War it was renamed the Institute for Water, Soil and Air Hygiene as Branch Office 3 of the Central Institute for Hygiene and Health Service. State of development: Findbuch (1984), Listenings (1991), Online-Findbuch (2008) Citation method: BArch, R 154/...

History of the Inventor: The Reich Minister for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda is instructed and authorized to combine the members of the branches of activity that concern his sphere of duties into public corporations"[1] With this clear sentence, the Reichskulturkammergesetz of September 22, 1933 was introduced and the nationalization and supervision of German culture began, namely the forced unification of all those active in the field of culture in an association, the Reichskulturkammer. In addition to its headquarters, the Reichskulturkammer consisted of the following individual chambers: 1st Reichsschrifttumskammer (Bundesarchiv Bestand R 56-V) 2nd Reichspressekammer (R 56-IV) 3rd Reichsrundfunkkammer 4th Reichstheaterkammer (R 56-III) 5. Reichsmusikkammer (R 56-II) 6th Reichskammer der bildenden Künste 7th Reichsfilmkammer (R 56-VI) The Reichsfilmkammer was established before the foundation of the Reichskulturkammer, on 14 July 1933[2] as a "temporary film chamber". The Reichsrundfunkkammer was dissolved again on 28 October 1939 and the members distributed among the other individual chambers.[3] The tasks and organization of the individual chambers can be found in the introductions to the corresponding finding aids. With the First Decree on the Implementation of the Reichskulturkammergesetz of 1 November 1933[4], the individual chambers were given the status of public corporations, which in turn were merged into a single public corporation, namely the Reichskulturkammer. Provisions which the individual chambers were allowed to enact had the rank of indirect imperial law, but were limited to the area of chamber membership. Paragraph 10 of that first regulation stated that admission to an individual chamber could be refused "if facts exist from which it follows that the person in question does not possess the reliability and aptitude necessary for the performance of his duties"[5] The President of the individual chamber concerned decided on the aptitude and aptitude. A rejection meant a ban on the profession, because the cultural practice of the profession outside the chambers was not permitted. When the Reich Chamber of Culture and its individual chambers were established, however, there were no rejections or prohibitions at first, as the individual chambers automatically took over all those involved in culture who were organised in the professional associations responsible for their area. These professional associations formed part of the chamber as professional associations (e.g. Genossenschaft Deutscher Bühnenangehöriger in der Reichstheaterkammer or Deutscher Sängerbund in der Reichsmusikkammer). Thus the members of the professional associations acquired the membership in the single chambers, without examination of the "reliability or suitability". Thus, at the beginning, "non-Aryans" or other groups of people who did not correspond to the "ideal image" of the National Socialists were also in the chambers. For Propaganda Minister Goebbels this was a problem which he tried to solve with the appointment of Hans Hinkels as Third Managing Director of the Reich Chamber of Culture on 1 May 1935. State Commissioner Hinkel was entrusted with dealing with personnel issues in the individual chambers. This meant nothing less than the expulsion of the Jews and other groups of people from the chambers who were undesirable to the National Socialists. Hinkel was responsible for the "cleansing" of the chambers as the "commissioner for the supervision of the intellectual and artistic non-Aryans in German Reich territory". The presidents of the individual chambers were not spared either. Only Max Amann remained president of the Reichspressekammer. It was also Hinkel who took over the transformation of the professional associations into student councils, which was completed in 1935. § 15 of the First Ordinance on the Implementation of the Reichskulturkammergesetz already provided for a division into "professional associations or student councils". What at first glance hardly seemed to be a difference had considerable legal consequences. While the professional associations were still independent corporations with private assets, the newly founded professional associations were only regarded as administrative offices of the chambers without their own legal personality. The former professional associations were thus gradually nationalised and expropriated as a result of this transformation. A particular problem with the presentation of the tasks of the Reich Chamber of Culture was the interdependence with the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda. The president of the RKK, Joseph Goebbels, was at the same time Reich Minister for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda, his deputy (vice-president) the acting state secretary in the Ministry of Propaganda, at the beginning Reich Press Head Walter Funk. The organisational supervision of the individual chambers was carried out by the RKK headquarters, with its seat in the Ministry of Propaganda. Hans Schmidt-Leonhardt, head of the IC (Legal) department, was initially appointed as its managing director. As a counterpart to the individual chambers, individual specialist departments (press, literature, music, visual arts, theatre, film and radio) were created in the Ministry of Propaganda, whereby the heads of department were at the same time the respective chamber presidents in personal union. The linkages also existed at the lowest Gau level. There was already the usual interweaving of state and party in the Third Reich by the union of the head of the regional office of the Ministry of Propaganda and the head of the NSDAP's main propaganda department in one person. These functionaries now still held the post of Provincial Cultural Administrator and thus the supervision of the local offices of the individual chambers. In support of the Presidents, a Presidential Council was set up in each Chamber. The Presidential Council consisted of seven representatives of the corresponding cultural sector. The persons were appointed by Goebbels himself and the respective chamber president had to appoint a managing director from this circle who was directly entrusted with administrative tasks. On 15 November 1935, Hinkel announced the establishment of the Reich Cultural Senate, in which particularly deserving persons of cultural life would come together and serve as a cultural-political source of ideas for Goebbels. In reality, this Senate was only representative. In it were all chamber presidents, the respective presidential councils, the vice-presidents and the three managing directors of the RKK, who carried the title Reichskulturwalter. But only 3 years later, with Goebbels order of 05 April 1938 (Az. I B 1000)[6], the office of the Reichskulturwalter was abolished again. Only one management remained in the Reich Chamber of Culture with the tasks of "training and propaganda" and supervision of the regional divisions of the individual chambers. The specialist supervision of the individual chambers was now carried out by the specialist departments in the RMVP, the organisational supervision by the responsible administrative departments. The personal union of the offices of Head of Department of the Ministry and President of the Chamber was also abolished. Hinkel himself had been head of the Department IIA (Cultural Activities of Nonarians) since 01 April 1938. After the beginning of the Second World War, the focus was on troop support as an "important task of the war". The troop support consisted essentially of organising performances on front stages and supplying the troops themselves with parlour games, musical instruments, etc. The troops were then given the opportunity to play on the front stages. Organizationally, the RMVP first installed its own "Troop Support" department, which moved to the new "BeKa" department (Special Cultural Tasks)[7] in 1940. The department BeKA was the successor of the department IIA, its head remained Hans Hinkel. By decree of 30 April 1941[8] the "Hauptgeschäftsführung der RKK" was founded. Hinkel received the position of "Secretary General of the RKK" in this main management, which was divided into five departments: Department A (Heinz Tackmann): Administration (Personnel, Budget and Legal Affairs) Department B (Walter Owens): Professional tasks (aptitude test and support of young people, orientation and supervision of career guidance, job creation and social affairs of cultural professions) Department C (Erich Kochanowski): Propaganda (liaison with the departments of party and state, representation of the RKK in film and radio, press affairs, as well as political training and orientation of cultural workers) Department D (Helmuth von Loebell): Cultural personal data (political assessment of cultural workers, exclusion procedures and decisions on complaints, special permits for "non-Aryans", examination of cultural enterprises for Jewish influence, cultural activities of foreigners) Department E (Hans Erich Schrade): Special tasks (troop support, cultural support of the returned ethnic Germans and foreign workers, supervision of the mentally and culturally active Jews in the Reich territory) The BeKA department, which had been de facto dissolved with the founding of the RKK's main management, was renamed "Generalreferat Reichskulturkammersachen"[9] in the RMVP in August 1941. At the same time, the department heads of the main management of the RKK remained in personal union speakers of this general department. The above tasks did not change until the end of the war. On 1 May 1944, Hans Hinkel's key position in the Reich Chamber of Culture became clear once again. On this day, Goebbels appointed Hinkel as Vice President of the RKK, and Hans Erich Schrade assumed the duties of Secretary General. Before that Hinkel had already been appointed "Special Trustee of the Work for the Professions Creating Culture", "Reichsfilmintendanten" and Head of the Film Department in the RMVP. He was also given overall responsibility for the broadcasting entertainment programme. Notes [1] Reichsgesetzblatt 1933 I, p. 661. [2] Reichsgesetzblatt 1933 I, p. 483. [3] 5th VO on the implementation of the Reichskulturkammergesetz. 4]Reichsgesetzblatt 1933 I, p. 797 [5] Reichsgesetzblatt 1933 I, p. 797 [6] Newsletter of the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda No. 5 of 9 April 1938 (R 55/20617). 7] GVPL of 01 Nov 1940 (R 55/20776). [8] R 55/163. [9] GVPL of Nov. 1, 1942 (R 55/20621). Hans Hinkel - Career in the Reich Chamber of Culture 1933 Prussian State Director in Alfred Rosenberg's "Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur" State Commissioner in the Prussian Ministry of Culture Head of the Prussian Theatre Committee 1 May 1935 3. Managing Director in the RKK Headquarters Commissioner for the Supervision of Intellectually and Artistically Active Non-Aryans in the German Reich (as a separate department in the Propaganda Department of the RMVP) 15. Nov. 1935 Reichskulturwalter im Reichssenat 1936 Head of Department II at the headquarters of the RKK 5 April 1938 Head of Department IIA (Supervision of Cultural Activities of Nonarians) in the RMVP July 1940 Chief Executive of the RKK 30. April 1941 General Secretary in the General Management of the RKK August 1941 Head of the General Department for Reich Culture Chamber Matters in the RMVP until 1945 Special trustee of the work for the culture-creating professions Overall responsible for the entertainment programme in the Rundfunk Reichsfilmintendant Head of the Film Department in the RMVP Vice-President of the RKK (from 1. April 1941 onward) May 1944) Inventory description: Inventory history A part of the files (R 56-I/1-147) transferred from the Berlin Document Center to the Federal Archives between 1959 and 1962 has already been recorded by Dr. Wolfram Werner. For a more detailed history of their transmission, see the introduction to the corresponding finding aid book (finding aid books on the holdings of the Federal Archives, volume 31). These are mainly files from the Hinkel office. Newly added were the material files from the "Reichskulturkammer" collections of the former BDC. The contents were as follows: 1. manuscripts of films, novels and plays 2. household matters with the Landeskulturwaltern 3. files of a private service nature (i.e. requests for jobs and petitions, as well as congratulations, mostly from private persons, to Hinkel) Archival processing The titles of the files available in the Koblenz part of the stock are recorded in the present online find book edited by Mr Tim Storch. The signatures assigned at that time were retained. The classification was based on the order already created by Dr. Werner. Due to the new situation of traditions it had to be extended by the item "budget". The classification point "Goebbels-Stiftung für Bühnenschaffende" (Goebbels Foundation for Stage Designers) still existing in the old find book has been removed and is now to be found in the holdings R 56-III (Reichstheaterkammer). It remains to be mentioned that part of the tradition from the former BDC was not recorded in the holdings of the Reichskulturkammer and its individual chambers, but was included in holdings R 55 (Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda) due to the determination of provenance (R 55/21300-21564). This can be explained by the organisational link between the RKK and the RMVP. Foreign provenances were handed over to the responsible archive (Landesarchiv Berlin). These were files of the Reichspropagandaamt Berlin, the NSDAP-Gauleitung Berlin and the Landeskulturwalters Berlin. Publications, in particular circulars of the DAF and newsletters of the RMVP, have also been sorted out and handed over to the library. Citation BArch R 56 I/... State of development: publication index (1987), online index (2006). Citation style: BArch, R 56-I/...

History of the Inventory Designer: Formed in 1921 through the merger of the Federation of German Farmers with the Deutscher Landbund as an agricultural policy organization and lobby of agricultural associations, the Reichslandbund was of significance for national socialist influence in farming circles; in 1933 it was incorporated into the Reichsnährstand (Hauptabteilung I). Description of the holdings: History of the holdings The establishment of the Reichslandbund press archive, which was one of the largest and oldest German press archives, began as early as 1893, after the founding of the Bund der Landwirte (Federation of Farmers) in 1893. When the Bund der Landwirte (Federation of Farmers) merged with the Deutscher Landbund to form the Reichslandbund in 1921 and the Reichslandbund was transferred to the Reichsnährstand in 1933, the press archive was continued. The files, together with the material files of the Reichslandbund, were transferred to the Central State Archives of the GDR. Content characterisation: The press archive contains collections of press clippings on the following topics: Domestic politics, economy and culture, including: political and other events 1905-1945, I. and II. World War II, consequences of war, occupied territories 1912-1945, relationship Reich - Länder 1894-1945, Reichstag and Reichstag elections 1893-1942, National Assembly, workers' and citizens' councils 1918-1931, Reichsrat, Reichswirtschaftsrat 1897-1944, Kaiser and Reich President 1894-1941, Reich Chancellor, Imperial government 1894-1944, parties, associations, federations 1871, 1893-1945, army, fleet, air force 1896-1945, justice and police 1894-1944, population structure, classes and stratification of individual population groups 1894-1945, Prussia 1895-1944, other German countries A-Z 1898-1944; Economy and trade, in the process: Economy and Economic Policy 1899-1944, Organisation of the Economy 1897-1944, Industries and Individual Products 1893-1945, Trade and Crafts 1893-1944, Agriculture and Forestry, Food and Fisheries, General 1893-1945, Confederation of Farmers and Reichslandbund 1893-1945, Reichsnährstand 1933-1945, other agricultural organizations 1893-1944, agricultural production 1893-1945, agricultural workers, social affairs of agriculture 1893-1945, finances and loans 1893-1945, agricultural training 1905-1945, exhibitions 1908-1945, peasant and rural culture and art 1904, 1933-1945, peasant inheritance 1894-1945, forestry and fishing 1895-1945, trade, trade contract policy, customs tariff, Prices 1894-1945, chambers of commerce and associations 1893-1944, retail trade, restaurants, consumption 1904-1944, finance, taxes, customs, banking, stock exchange and credit 1894-1945, insurance 1893-1944, railways and road traffic 1894-1944, Inland and maritime shipping 1894-1943, post 1898-1944, social policy and welfare 1895-1945, health 1899-1945, housing 1904-1944, schools and universities 1896-1944, churches and sects 1898-1945, science, art, culture, sport 1901-1945; Foreign policy. Politics, economy and culture abroad: German foreign policy and foreign policy of other countries, international alliances and treaties 1896-1944, colonial policy 1897-1944, army and fleet 1900-1944, trade unions, social democracy, social policy 1904-1944, international economic and trade relations, economy, food and agriculture of foreign countries 1893-1944, international transport 1894-1944, culture and education, press 1905-1945, documents on individual countries in Europe, Asia and America 1993-1945 state of development: Findbücher (1978) Citation method: BArch, R 8034-II/...

On the postal history of Baden between 1872 and 1934: in 1811, the Grand Duchy of Baden took the postal system out of the hands of Thurn und Taxis and transferred it to state control. A postal directorate was created, which in 1814 was transformed into a regional postal directorate. In 1843, after the introduction of the railway, the "Direktion der Posten und Eisenbahnen" (Directorate of Posts and Railways) was created, which was renamed "Direktion der Großherzoglich Badischen Verkehrsanstalten" in 1854. In connection with his entry into the German Reich, Baden renounced his postal sovereignty. On January 1, 1872, the Baden Postal Correspondents were transferred to the Imperial Imperial Post Office, after the railway system, which had not been handed over, had been separated from the postal administration again (see Resistance Group 421). After 1872, the real estate assets of the Baden Post remained the property of the Baden State, but could be used by the Reichspost, which of course remained free to purchase new land and buildings for its own purposes. The Reichspostverwaltung set up two Oberpostdirektionen (OPD) in Baden as the central authority, based in Karlsruhe and Constance, whose mutual borders ran south of the Kehl-Appenweier-Oppenau railway line. The OPD Karlsruhe was also assigned the Hessian district of Wimpfen, the OPD Konstanz the Prussian part of Hohenzollern; both areas were also looked after by the Reichspost, while the neighbouring kingdom of Württemberg had kept its own post office after 1871. The two Oberpostdirektionen were subordinated to the General Post Office (from 1880 Reichspostamt, from 1919 Reichspostministerium) as the higher authority. Since telegraphy in the North German Confederation had been subject to its own "General Directorate of Telegraphs", in 1872 telegraphy in Baden had also been removed from the jurisdiction of the post office. But already on 1 January 1876 the fusion of post and telegraphy took place in the Reichspost area. From now on the telegraph stations in Baden were subject to the two regional post offices and the Reichspostamt, partly as independent telegraph stations or offices, but mostly united with post offices. In 1934 the OPD Karlsruhe, like the other regional post offices of the Reich, was renamed "Reichspostdirektion" (RPD). On the basis of the Act of 27 February 1934 simplifying and reducing the cost of administration, which was fundamental to the postal and telecommunications sectors, the Constance OPD was dissolved with effect from 1 April 1934 and, after a transitional period, finally ceased to exist on 1 October 1937. Its territory was assigned to the RPD Karlsruhe, which also took over the files of the OPD Konstanz and partially continued them. Explanations on holdings 419: The majority of the files listed in this finding aid were delivered by the RPD Karlsruhe in 1941 (access 1941-17). The smaller part was taken from the deliveries of the OPD Karlsruhe 454 access 1980-30, 419 access 1981-49 and 454 access 1982-18 according to provenance. The OPD Karlsruhe kept an old registration of about 1500 running meters. Files from the foundation of the Reichspostverwaltung in 1872, of which only the aforementioned access had reached the Generallandesarchiv in 1941. After the General State Archives had tried in vain in 1961 to deliver the remaining documents, the OPD had the entire old files destroyed without consulting the archives by house decree of 20 April 1970. This means that the only closed old register of an OPD in Germany, which also contained the documents of the OPD Konstanz, which was dissolved in 1934, has been lost. The duration of the material files of inventory 419 essentially covers the period 1872-1945. Only a few files of the management of the Großherzoglich Badischen Verkehrsanstalten and collections of circular decrees of the General Post Office Berlin to Prussian Oberpostdirketionen, which had apparently been handed over to the OPD Karlsruhe as information necessary for the course of business, continued in the Oberpostdirketionen and date back further. Some files of the access 1941 were classified in the personal files (see below), one file came according to its provenance to stock 418, six files were cashed. Since the numbering of the access was maintained 1941-17, the following numbers are no longer used: 1-7, 10, 11, 13, 65, 121-128, 193, 522, 676, 697, 713, 720, 753, 758, 774, 838, 883, 935-936 and 939-940.The older personnel files of inventory 419 have been added to the General State Archives with the additions 1938-42 (61 personnel files of the OPD Konstanz), 1941-17 (6 personnel files of the OPD Karlsruhe) and 1981-49 (2252 personnel files of the OPDn or RPD Karlsruhe and Konstanz and the OPD Karlsruhe after 1945). The personnel files of the 1941 access were incorporated into the 1981 access and the list of consignments was supplemented accordingly. Song and processing of the inventory: A file plan for the RPD documents is not available and could not be obtained from the OPD Karlsruhe. For example, the classification of the inventory is based on the usual division of the postal and telecommunications sectors into operations and administration, with attempts being made to reconstruct the file plan from the registry signatures on the file covers. The greater part of the documents are special maps, which were led by the OPDn to the individual transport companies of their district. These are post offices, postal agencies, postal branch offices, railway post offices, postal auxiliaries and independent telegraph stations or offices. These files shall regularly contain the following documents: Professional records, audit reports from post offices, inventories, duty schedules, guides for the training of postal and telegraph staff, which are no longer mentioned in the repertory itself. Further details on the legal status, business area and internal operation of the individual transport companies can be found in the description by K. Sautter (see bibliography), pp. 37-41. Under the direction of the undersigned, the State Archives officers Rudolf Benl, Robert Kretzschmar and Sybille Wittenberg carried out the drawing up of the records and the order in the spring of 1982, and Brigitte Weiler, an aspiring inspector, added additions. The fair copy of the repertory was provided by Mrs. Eva-Maria Staron. Karlsruhe, June 30, 1982 Dr. H. John References (as of 1982): Development of postal and telegraph services in the Grand Duchy of Baden during the twenty-five-year period from 1872 to 1896 (1897).K. Löffler, History of transport in Baden, in particular of communications and passenger transport (messenger, postal and telegraph traffic) from Roman times to 1872 (1910). K. Sautter, History of Deutsche Post. Part 3: History of the Deutsche Reichspost 1871 to 1945 (1951), K. Stiefel, Baden 1648-1952 II (1977), pp. 1485-1509.

Negligent border patrol and smuggling. - Complaints by the North West Cameroon Company, 1911 Border conditions on the Cross River, 1900 Hans Ramsay. Assumption of the general agency of the Northwest Cameroon Company for the protectorate of Cameroon and departure from its services, 1900 - 1903 Granting of trade advantages to the Northwest Cameroon Company through the temporary provision of accommodation and storage facilities in Rio del Rey by the Governorate of Cameroon. - Complaint by Deutsch-Westafrikanische Handelsgesellschaft, GmbH, 1900 Foundation of Bremer Nordwest-Kamerun-GmbH. as a subsidiary of Gesellschaft Nordwest-Kamerun. - Notification, 1911 Sale of the trading business in Duala and Jabassi back to the company Woermann & Co, 1903 Northwest Cameroon Company. - Articles of association, 31 July 1899 Northwest Cameroon Company. - Meetings of the Board of Directors. - Minutes, 12 March 1913 Northwest Cameroon Company. - Meetings of the Board of Directors. - Minutes, 10/10/1913 Northwest Cameroon Company. - Meetings of the Board of Directors. - Minutes, 8.12.1913 Annual reports of the surveyors. - No. 11, 1910 Annual reports of the surveyors. - No. 12, 1911

• 1909, Sächsisches Staatsarchiv Contains also: Travel report/German East Africa - Hermann Schubert company head bow with illustrations from the Schuberthof cotton plantation - Prospekt zur Gründung einer Aktiengesellschaft "Baumwollanbau-Gesellschaft Schuberthof" description: Contains also: Travel report/German East Africa - Hermann Schubert company head bow with illustrations from the Schuberthof cotton plantation - Schuberthof company head bow - Schuberthof cotton plantation - Prospekt zur Gründung einer Aktiengesellschaft "Baumwollanbau-Gesellschaft Schuberthof".