Knötel, Richard, Uniform Drawings Knötel, Braun and Müller - Group VII: Uniforms of the Colonial Forces 1899, Colonial Forces [Kaiserl. Schutztruppe Deutsch Ostafrika und Kamerun, officer in white skirt(?)]* subtitle: SLUB/Dresdner Digitalisierungszentrum (photographer); Knötel, Richard, 1899

History of the Inventory Designer: Before the Reich Chamber of Culture Act of 22 September 1933 came into force, the law on the establishment of a provisional film chamber was enacted on 14 July. 1] Its presidents were Dr. Fritz Scheuermann (1933-1935), Prof. Dr. Oswald Lehnich (1935-1939) and Prof. Carl Froelich (from 1939). The vice presidents were Arnold Raeter, Hans Weidemann and Karl Melzer. The Reichsfilmkammer had the task of promoting the German film industry within the overall economy, of representing the interests of the individual groups of this industry among themselves and vis-à-vis the Reich, the Länder and the municipalities, and of bringing about a fair balance between those involved in working life in this field. The close connection between state and party, which is expressed in the position of the Gaufilmstellenleiter as department head of the Gaupropagandaamt and speaker of the Landesstelle of the Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda, was further deepened by the appointment of the Gaufilmstellenleiter as Gauauftragter of the Reich Film Chamber. 2] The Reichsfilmkammer was divided into 10 departments: I. General Administration (Law, Budget and Finance, Personal Data) II. Politics and Culture (Domestic Press News Office; Foreign Press News Office, Reich Film Archive) III. artistic supervision of filmmaking (dramaturgy, casting questions) IV. Film Industry (Special reports on foreign exchange issues, copyright, labour and tax law issues) V. Film Student Council (production manager, directors, film formers, production managers, cameras, sound engineers, editors, actors, extras, make-up artists, requisitioners, cloakroom attendants) VI. Film Production Section (film production, film foreign trade, film studios) VII. Domestic Film Distribution Section VIII. Section Film Theatre IX. Division Film and Cinema Technology (Film Processing, Film Patents, Film Technology Research) X. Section for culture, advertising and light plays. 3] Among the cooperative members of the Film Chamber were the Paritätische Filmnachweis, the Film Quota Office, the Foreign Exchange Department, the Filmkreditbank GmbH and the Reichsfilmarchiv. 4] With the collapse of the "Third Reich" the Reichskulturkammer and with it also the Reichsfilmkammer lost their right to exist. Notes (1) RGBl. I, p. 483. (2) Cf. The Organization of the Reich Chamber of Culture. (Business Plan), ca. 1936. (3) Cf. Hans Hinkel (Ed.): Handbuch der Reichskulturkammer. Berlin 1937, p. 278 ff. (4) See The Organization of the Reich Chamber of Culture. (business plan), ca. 1936. Inventory description: Inventory history From the Reichsfilmkammer only a few files survived the war. The volumes listed here are to a large extent handfiles of the Vice President Hans Weidemann. The present collection R 56 VI, which the Berlin Document Center transferred to the Federal Archives in Koblenz in 1959, was already published in the publication find book "Reichskulturkammer und ihre Einzelkammern" (find books on the holdings of the Federal Archives, No. 31). Archival processing The index data of the files of the Reich Film Chamber, which had already been compiled and published in the Federal Archives in Koblenz, were essentially adopted when they were put online; file titles only underwent slight changes in individual cases. No new file units were added. Citation method BArch R 56 VI / ... State of development: Publication index of the Reichskulturkammer (1987), Online-Findbuch (2008). Citation style: BArch, R 56-VI/...

History of the Inventory Designer: The "Gesetz zur Vorbereitung des organischen Aufbaus der deutschen Wirtschaft" of 27 Feb. 1934 "Wiederaufbaugesetz" (RGBl I 1934 p. 185f) created the legal basis for the reorganisation of the previous free association system. § 1 of the law authorized the Reich Minister of Economics: 1. to recognize trade associations as sole representatives of their branch of industry 2. to establish, dissolve or unite trade associations 3. to amend and supplement statutes and articles of association of trade associations, in particular to introduce the Führergrundsatz 4. to appoint and dismiss the leaders of trade associations and 5. to connect entrepreneurs and enterprises to trade associations. The organisational structure of the Organisation of Trade and Commerce (OGW), announced by Reich Economics Minister Schmitt on 13 March 1934, provided for a division of the economy into twelve main groups, seven of which were for the various branches of industry: I Mining, iron and metal extraction II Mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, optics, precision engineering III Iron, sheet metal and metal goods industry IV Stones and earths, wood, construction, glass and ceramics industry V Chemical, paper and paper processing industry VI Leather, textile and clothing industry VII Food industry. The First Regulation for the Implementation of the Law of Feb. 1934 (RGBl I 1934 p. 1194) issued by the Reich Minister of Economics on 27 Nov. 1934 eliminated this fragmentation of industry by combining the seven groups in the Reich Group Industry, into which the Reichsstand/Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie was transferred by order of the Reich Minister of Economics on 12 Jan. 1935. The other main groups VIII Handwerk, IX Handel, X Banken and XI Versicherungen also became empire groups. The Reich Group Industry was at the same time part of the organization of the commercial economy, which was subordinate to the Reich Ministry of Economics. Together with the other groups of the Empire - crafts, commerce, banks, insurance companies, the energy industry, tourism (technical) and the chambers of commerce (regional) - it formed the subdivision of the Reich Economic Chamber. It was subdivided according to districts into 26 industrial departments, which established the link between the Reich Group Industry and the industrial enterprises. The individual specialist substructure of the Reich's industrial group was formed by the economic groups, which were recognised by an order of the Reich Minister of Economics as the sole representatives of their branch of industry. The companies operating in their respective fields were members of these groups, and the Reichsgruppe Industrie itself had no individual members. In 1941 the management of the Reich Group consisted of the following 13 departments under the direction of the Chief Executive Officer Dr. Karl Guth Abt. I Organisation and Law Abt. II Internal Administration, Transportation, Trade, Water and Administrative Law, Jewish Legislation Abt. III Taxes Abt. IV Foreign Trade Abt. V Sales Promotion, Patents, Samples and Symbols Abt. VI Defense Economics, Raw Materials Management, Industrial Development Division VII Air Security, Industrial Security and Industrial Protection, Colonial Affairs Division VIII Market Organisation and Business Administration Division IX Anti-Trust Supervision Division X Social Economy Division XI Industrial Quality Work Division XII Banking, Credit and Financial Affairs, Community Aid, Private Insurance Division XIII Statistics and Economic Observation Affiliated Services: Export Community for War Equipment (AGK) From January 6, 1944, the following new structure applied: General Department for Industrial Departments Department Z Internal Administration, Budget, Community Aid, Insurance Issues Department I Organization and Law Department II Internal Economy (Raw Materials Management, General Production, Defense Economics, Water and Energy, Transport, Eastern European Economy, Technical Department Department Department Department). III Market Organization and Business Administration Abt. IV Taxes and Financial Matters Abt. V Social Economy, War Damage Abt. VI Foreign Trade Abt. VI Industrial Carriages, Trade Fairs and Exhibitions, Advertising Abt. VII Aircraft Safety Abt. VIII Statistics and Economic Observation Affiliated: Until Dec. 1934: Gustav Krupp von Bohlen-Halbach from Dec. 1934: Ewald Hecker, Head of the Reich Economic Chamber 1935: Ernst Trendelenburg, Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Vereinigte Industrie-Unternehmnungen AG and Reichskreditgesellschaft AG from Dec. 1934: Ewald Hecker, Head of the Reich Economic Chamber 1935: Ernst Trendelenburg, Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Vereinigte Industrie-Unternehmnungen AG and Reichskreditgesellschaft AG from Dec. 1934: Gustav Krupp von Bohlen-Halbach from Dec. 1934: Ewald Hecker, Head of the Reich Economic Chamber 1935: Ernst Trendelenburg, Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Vereinigte Industrie-Unternehmnungen AG and Reichskreditgesellschaft AG from Dec. 1934: Ernst Trendelenburg, Chairman of the Supervisory Boards of Vereinigte Industrie-Unternehmnungen AG and Reichskreditgesellschaft AG. 1936: Gottfried Dierig, Christian Dierig AG and Head of the Industry Economic Group from Nov. 1938: Wilhem Zangen, General Director of Mannesmann-Röhrenwerke In addition to the advisory board provided for by law, the so-called Great Advisory Board and numerous committees acted as advisory bodies for the Reich Group. In addition to the members of the advisory council, the heads of the economic groups and industrial departments as well as the chairmen of the 24 (1941) committees belonged to the Grand Advisory Board. The management of the committees was the responsibility of the relevant departments. Inventory description: Inventory history The largest part of the files of the inventory R 12 I Reichsgruppe Industrie originates from a complex of documents which was created after 1945 by the American occupation authorities in the Ministerial Collecting Center (MCC) in Hessisch-Lichtenau and Fürstenhagen. On behalf of the Americans, the files collected there were opened up and processed by German officials and employees in so-called working groups or sections. In this way, the working group XIX Economic Organization (Section Economics Organization) dealt with files of the Reich Economic Chamber and the Reich Industry Group. Via the Administrative Office for Economics in Minden and later the Administrative Office for Economics in Frankfurt/M., the documents finally came into the jurisdiction of the Federal Ministry of Economics in Duisdorf in 1951 in a strongly decimated form, and were then handed over to the Federal Archives in June 1952 after an initial inspection, pre-arrangement and separation of non-archival documents. In 1962 a further 128 volumes were taken over from the Berlin Document Center. Archival evaluation and processing The documents taken over from the Federal Ministry of Economics in 1952 were examined in 1966 and 1968 respectively by Archive Inspector A. Wagener (part 1) and Archivinspektor A. Loos (part 2), and provisional archive directories have been drawn up. Part 1 mainly contained documents from Divisions V Social Economy, VIII Statistics and Economic Observation and Z Community Aid to Enterprises. Part 2 was a collection of reference files of the deputy head of department of Abt. V Sozialwirtschaft and head of the war damages department Dr. Wilhelm Reuss. The files taken over from the Berlin Document Center in 1962 were processed in 1977 and listed as Part 3. Since the files were largely disorganized and often several subjects were in one volume without any factual connection, a complete reorganization and reshaping of volumes/volume sequences was necessary. In terms of content, these files also mainly concerned the Dept. V Social Economy. The revision of the holdings in 2009 using the Bundesarchiv's Basys-S directory database primarily involved the dissolution of the three existing partial holdings and the classification of the holdings as a whole. The hand files of Dr. Reuss, previously summarized as Part 2, now form, with a few exceptions, the War Material Damage Settlement Classification Group. The listing information from the previous provisional lists was largely taken over without further examination of individual files. In individual cases, however, adjustments had to be made to excessively long file titles and confusing content notes. Content characterisation: Mainly documents of the departments V Social Economy, VIII Statistics and Economic Observation, Z Community Assistance to the Economy and a collection of reference files of the deputy head of the department V Social Economy and head of the war damage department Dr. Wilhelm Reuss are available. State of development: Online-Findbuch (2009) Citation method: BArch, R 12-I/...

Group of Berlin prisoners of war in a camp near Pretoria / Photographer: Scherl

A group of members of the Reichstag board freight cars of the Morogorobahn built by the Germans / Photographer: Scherl

• Remembrance postcard * Publisher: New Photographic Society

Contains among other things: Uprising of the Mataafa group Rejection of the uprising, capture and banishment of Mataafas and other chieftains

History of the Inventory Designer: The Feldzeug-Inspektion (Fz In) was newly formed on November 10, 1938 by merging the Army Field Tool Department in the OKH (Fz) and the Army Field Tool Mastery (H.Fzm.). The H.Fzm. for its part had been established on April 1, 1935, with the Nvst. (Supply distribution points) 1-3 as a downstream area and was subordinate to the Army Ordnance Department in the OKH. The first Nvst. was established in 1931 in Spandau to relieve the then Wa N of non-ministerial tasks. In 1933 two more Nvst. were set up in Hanover and Munich, in 1935 the three Nvst. were renamed to Feldzeug-Gruppen 1-3. In the spring of 1936 the tasks of the ordnance groups were severely restricted. In the course of the intensified army armament, the aim was to enable direct traffic of the H.Fzm. with the ordnance commands and ordnance services grouped together in the ordnance groups in order to achieve an accelerated provision and distribution of weapons, equipment and ammunition. The field tool groups lost their authority to issue orders to the FzKdos and FzDstst, only had to exercise official supervision and were only aware of the implementing orders, but the responsibility for operation remained with them. As early as October 1936, the field tool groups were finally dissolved and established instead of their three field tool inspectors. Background was above all the impossibility of a sufficiently tight supervision by the H.Fzm. with increasingly growing area of responsibility. The field tool inspectors, one each for weapons and equipment, ammunition and motor vehicles and for workshops, had the task of supporting the H.Fzm. in the supervision of their area. With the installation of the Fz In, a further intermediate instance between OKH and the downstream ordnance area was omitted due to the omission of the H.Fzm. In 1939, two more stage managers, one each for weapons and equipment on the one hand and ammunition on the other hand, were set up. At the same time the Fz.Inspizient for workshops was omitted. Finally, in 1940, a fifth Fz.Inspizient was established for tank combat and motor vehicles. In 1941 there was a change in the areas of responsibility of the stage managers from the previous areas of responsibility to a territorial responsibility, in addition, the responsibilities of the stage managers were extended to order powers vis-à-vis the stage managers in the context of the rectification of identified deficiencies. On 2 July 1941, a fundamental reorganization finally took place. The Fz. stage managers 1-4 were transformed into the Fz. groups 1-3, whereby again an intermediate instance with command power between Fz. In and the individual Fz. Kdos and Fz. Dstst was created. The Fz.Inspizient 5 (responsible for motor vehicles in the entire area) was retained as such and was renamed Fz.Inspizient K. The tasks of the Fz In as the highest department for the entire ordnance system consisted in the supply of the army with weapons, equipment and ammunition, thus also appropriate storage and stockpiling, as well as the training of army weapon masters and army fireworkers. According to the business division for the Fz In of November 8, 1938, the Fz In was headed by the Feldzeugmeister and as his deputy the Chief of Staff. The Fz In was divided into four groups. Group I was responsible for the organisation, general administration and budget of Fz In, subdivided into units Ia to Ie. Group II was responsible for personnel and training in the field of ordnance, subdivided into units IIa to IIe. Group III was responsible for ammunition, divided into Divisions IIIa to IIIf. Group IV was responsible for weapons and equipment, divided into units IVa to IVh. The division of wartime peaks on 1 March 1939 provided for one department each for Groups I and II and two less departments for Group III. It now provided for a Group V, responsible for buildings, workshops and construction measures, subdivided into the units Va to Vc. The business distribution plan of Fz In of 2 February 1940, on the other hand, still contained four groups. Group I with units Ia to Ie, Group II with units IIa to IId, Group III with units IIIa to IIIf and Group IV with units IVa to IVh. In the telephone directory of the Fz In of 1 June 1943, however, there are the additional papers IIf (in addition to a double paper IIc/d), IIIg and IVi. Units IVa, IVb, IVc and IVe are divided into several parallel units. Until 2 July 1941, the subordinate area of Fz In comprised the following departments: Weapon Master Schools I and II, Fireworker Schools I and II, Firearm Inspector 1 for weapons and equipment, Firearm Inspector 2 for ammunition, Firearm Inspector 3 for weapons and equipment, Firearm Inspector 4 for ammunition, Firearm Inspector 5 for motor vehicles in the entire area, 18 Firearm Commands, 7 Upper Field Duty Bars. A total of 19 army witness offices, 94 army subsidiary witness offices with 350 equipment stores, 65 army ammunition depots, 120 army subsidiary ammunition depots and the field equipment working staffs Metz and Strasbourg with 6 Fz.Dstst. The H.Zä and H.N.Zä formed the test area for the Fz.Stage Managers 1 and 3, the H.Ma and H.N.Ma formed the test area for the Fz.Stage Managers 3 and 4. The Fz.Arbeitsstäbe Metz and Strasbourg belonged to both test areas. Subordinated to the upper field stuff rods were 27 Fz. rods, 26 Fz. battalions, 26 Fz. motor vehicle columns and 3 Fz. offices. After the reclassification on 2 July 1941, the subordinate area was as follows: Weapon Master Schools I and II, Fireworker Schools I and II, Armament Group 1, Armament Group 2, Armament Group 3, Armament Inspector K for motor vehicles in the entire area, 7 upper armament rods. Fz.Group 1 was responsible for Fz.Kommandos I, II, III, VIII, XX, XXI and the ordnance in the occupied northern and eastern territories. The Fz.Group 2 was responsible for the Fz.Commands VI, IX, X, XI, XII, XXX and the ordnance of the occupied western territories. Fz.Group 3 was responsible for the Fz.Kommandos IV, V, VII, XIII, XVII, XVIII and the ordnance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The individual Fz.Kommandos were again subject to different numbers of H.Zä, H.Ma, H.N.Zä, H.N.Ma and equipment stores. The Fz.Dstst subordinate to the upper field tool rods now amounted to 7, of which 3 were field tool parks. According to the address book of the Feldzeug services of 1 July 1944, the subordinate area of the Fz In consisted of the following services: Army Weapon Master School I, Army Fireworks School I, Army Replacement Army Commandant, Army Commandant K for Motor Vehicles in the Entire Area, 17 Army Commandant Commandos associated with the Deputy General Commands of the Army Corps (Fz.Kdos I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XVII, XVIII, XX, XXI), a ordnance command associated with the Deputy General Command of the General Government, a ordnance command associated with the Deputy General Command of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a tank ordnance command, an independent ordnance command (Fz.Kdo XXX). The individual ordnance commands were subordinated to army ordnance offices, army ancillary ordnance offices, army ammunition stations, army ancillary ammunition stations, equipment stores, ammunition stores, army clothing offices and army ancillary clothing offices. The Panzer-Feldzeug-Kommando was also responsible for Army Tank Zeugugämter, Army Tank Nebenzeugämter and Army Tank Workshops. Appendices: 1st diagram: Structure of the field tool area until 2 July 1941 2nd diagram: Structure of the field tool area from 2 July 1941 3rd telephone directory Greater Berlin (area Fz In) from 1 June 1943 Processing note: The inventory was newly indexed in 2002 on the basis of an older finding index. Stock description: The stock contains the documents of the army's field tool inspection. The documents of the subordinate area (Army Ammunition Offices; Army Command Forces; Zeugämter) are in the inventory RH 56. Characterization of the contents: The tradition of the Fz In is altogether extremely thin. Of the 60 files available, 26 contain almost exclusively written communications on general army matters, which had also reached the Fz In via the distribution channel within the OKH. Sometimes, however, these documents also contain notes and orders by the field tool master or the chief of staff in matters that directly or indirectly concerned the field tool system. In some cases there is also correspondence. In the case of more extensive matters, these have been included in the notes on contents of the titles. However, information on places, units and services not specifically ejected may also be contained in these files. In addition, files on the organisation of field tool services in general and reports of individual field tool services take up a lot of space. Apart from the reports mentioned above, there are only a few files on the Fz In's actual areas of responsibility. There are only 7 files on the management of services, of which 5 on human resources. At least 2 files are available for the ammunition sector, no files are available for the weapons and equipment sector. All in all, the inventory provides information on the organisation and activity of the subordinate ordnance sector, also in the occupied territories, in particular the annual and activity reports of individual ordnance services. State of development: Online-Findbuch Scope, Explanation: 100 AE Citation method: BArch, RH 12-21/...