Fonds StadtA GOE, Pol. Dir. - police department

Since the 18th century there had been a police commission in Göttingen for all police areas, but especially for the alien police, i.e. for issuing and checking passports, hiking books and certificates of identity, and for supervising vagabonds and suspicious persons (cf. Hannoversche Staatskalender). In their place was a police director appointed by the royal ministry by the constitutional and administrative regulations for Göttingen of 8 April 1831 (Hannoversche Gesetz- und Verordnungssammlung III, p. 39 ff., especially § 152). Probably also in response to the Göttingen riots of January 1831, the Göttingen Police Regulations issued on 6 May 1831 united in his hands all police tasks from the maintenance of peace and order to the morals, aliens and building police to the fire, health and poor police (§§ 69-132 Police Regulations) and transferred to him in particular also the maintenance of peace and order vis-à-vis the University and its members (§§ 28-30 Police Regulations). The Royal Police Director was by virtue of his office a member of the municipal magistrate and the academic courts (§ 7 Police Regulations). As an advisory and controlling body, he was assisted by a police council composed of three members each from the magistrate and the university as well as the city commander, to which the police director himself also belonged (§§ 59-68 Police Regulations) (Archive Library: III A 8; Old Archives of Files (AA), Municipality, Municipal Constitution No. 21) This first Royal Police Directorate was abolished as a result of the revolution of 1848 with the announcement of the Ministry of Spiritual and Educational Affairs on 14 April 1848, the Municipal Police was transferred to the Magistrate and again strictly separated from the Academic Police and Disciplinary Authority. The newly created first municipal police directorate existed until 1859, when it was dissolved in the course of the elimination of the achievements of the Revolution of the Forties Eight by the Police Regulations for the City of Göttingen of 25 May 1859 (Hannoversche Gesetz- und Verordnungssammlung I, p. 641 ff.) and a new royal police authority with the authority designation "Police Directorate Göttingen" was created. This was directly under the control of the Landdrostei Hildesheim. The area of this police headquarters included the city of Göttingen and the surrounding communities of Weende, Nikolausberg, Roringen, Herberhausen, Geismar, Rosdorf and Grone. Their competence consisted basically in the perception of the entire police force in the above-mentioned area. It was to cooperate closely with the continuing police authority of the municipal magistrate - which maintained special authorities for this purpose, e.g. in the construction and forestry sectors, and hired its own patrons, night watchmen and field supervisors - in the process. Trade and Trade Police, Building Police, Fire Police, Poor Police, Health Police) from that of the Police Directorate, and the latter has the passport and alien police, the proceedings against vagabonds and beggars, the care for the maintenance of public order and security, The law has assigned the supervision of clubs, the proceedings against illicit connections and the permission for public dance companies, amusements and shows to the police, but in individual cases conflicts of jurisdiction have constantly arisen between urban and royal police powers. In Prussian times, this contributed to a gradual dismantling of the Royal Police Headquarters in Göttingen until it was completely abolished on 1 April 1900. With the decree of 17 March 1900, the entire local police was transferred to the municipality on this date (Preußische Gesetzessammlung, p. 51). The police authority over Weende, Nikolausberg, Roringen, Herberhausen, Geismar, Rosdorf and Grone was transferred to the responsible district administrator. 27 March 1900 was added to the Göttingen local statute of 8 February 1898 as a result of the transfer of these extended police powers to the city, which introduced the designation "Police Headquarters" (instead of "municipal police") and considerably expanded the new authority. While the old municipal police system had consisted of a city guard, two to three city guards and two field supervisors, the following composition was now decided for the new authority: a police commissioner (later: police inspector), a technical office manager of the building police office, a police guard, 12 guards and two field supervisors (AHR I A Fach 2 Nr. 23 vol. 1). Six of the patrons took over the city from state service. The new authority was initially housed in the premises rented by the city from the former Royal Police Headquarters in Kurze Straße 15 (Pol. Dir. Fach 3 Nr. 13). In 1901/1902 it resided at Kurze Geismar Straße 11, then in the newly built town house in Gotmarstraße (address books). the responsibility of the municipal police department, in the sense of the traditional police concept, included all areas of law and order and hazard prevention, from traffic to law and order, customs, religious and school police, building, health, trade and association police, as well as foreigners, protection, criminal and political police. Although the personnel of the Police Directorate had already been increased in the following years, a fundamental organisational reorganisation did not take place until 1929, when the three departments Administrative Police, Order and Security Police and Criminal Investigation Police were formed in order to cope with the increased and changed tasks. In May 1945, however, the occupying powers began to rebuild a democratic police force, which remained an institution of the occupying power in the British Zone until 1946. The decree of the British Military Government No. 57 of December 1, 1946 (Official Gazette of the British Military Government No. 15, p. 344) then paved the way for the assumption of German responsibility on January 1, 1947. The aim was always to separate the protective and criminal police from the previous administrative police, which was transferred to the municipalities at the lower level. This goal was implemented in the following legislation of the federal states, in Lower Saxony beginning with the law of 23 April 1947 (Nds. GVBl, p. 58). In Göttingen, three separate administrative units (administrative police, commercial police and road traffic office) were initially formed for the municipalised areas, which were combined in the Ordnungsamt in 1949 (Pol. Dir. Fach 3 Nr. 3).Heads of the municipal police directorate with the title of a police director were initially the respective municipal syndici Hermann Bunge (1900 to 1905), Dr. Ludwig Weber (1905 to 1908), Dr. Paul Arnold (1908 to 1909), Oskar Sempell (1909 to 1911) and from 1911 Dr. Paul Warmbold. After the National Socialists came to power, Police Director Warmbold was replaced by Albert Gnade on April 6, 1933. Although he had no previous technical knowledge as an innkeeper and honorary senator, he was a prominent National Socialist in Göttingen and therefore had the political reliability required. After Grace had been appointed Lord Mayor in 1938, the following year the police department was placed under his direct administration and the full-time deputy Karl Ihle was entrusted with the management of the business. After Ihles was called up for military service in 1943, Grace again assumed this function. Since October 1945 the responsibility for the police, since 1947 only for the administrative police, lay with the respective leading administrative officials (Lord Mayor or Lord City Director) of the city (AHR I A Fach 10 Nr. 8 Bd. 1, 2; Pol. Dir. Fach 1 Nr. 2).

The stock "Polizeidirektion Göttingen" (length: 41 linear metres) was transferred to the city archives in three separate charges. The first tax was probably already transferred from the police headquarters to the archives before 1945 (AHR I A Fach 28 Nr. 31). The second takeover with 468 volumes took place from the Ordnungsamt in 1953 (Göttinger Jahrbuch 4, 1956, p. 102), a third delivery was made by the Ordnungsamt in 1964 before its move from the Stadthaus to the Ritterplan (acc. 54/1964). At that time, all three duties in the archive were formed into a uniform stock, whereby the order was maintained according to the registry scheme of the Police Directorate with title (Roman numerals I-XXXIII), subject (Arab numerals 1-200) and number (Arab numerals) and a finding aid was created according to the model of a file directory existing in the Ordnungsamt. The sections "Mobilisation and war economy 1914-1918/post-war economy", "Demobilisation and fulfilment of the peace treaty" and "Personnel matters" (Titles XXVIII, XIX and XXX of the 1964 Findbuch), which presumably had already been archived before 1945, were artificially created there. The same applies to the section "Kriminalpolizeistelle Hannover - Außenstelle Göttingen" (Title XXXI of the 1964 Findbuch), which contains the reports of the branch office to the municipal police directorate and, for the years 1949 to 1951, the reports of the police circle/police inspectorate to the municipal administration. Since the Building Department hands over the respective house files to the archives after the demolition of buildings, this section was removed from the original files of the Police Directorate and set up as an independent C 75 - Building Police Collection. The house files that are continuously delivered are assigned to this position. The "Invoices and vouchers" (Title XXXIII of the 1964 Findbuch) from the years 1739 to 1859 were incorporated into the official records under the signatures AB Pol 1 to Pol 7. The holdings of the Police Directorate come from various sources. In addition to the files of the municipal authority between 1900 and 1945, which make up the main part, it contains documents of the Royal Police Headquarters from the period before 1900. In addition, files of the Ordnungsamt, which concerned earlier tasks of the Police Headquarters, were not included in this inventory after 1945 in accordance with the provenance. As a rule, however, documents from the registry of the Police Directorate, which were continued after 1945 by other municipal departments, such as the Ordnungsamt or the Umweltamt, and which repeatedly appear in the form of levies, are classified in the respective other holdings. The files that have been included in the program of the security filming since 1989 may only be used as microfilm (see film no. under the file title). In December 1991, a copy was made of the existing finding aid book, which was continuously supplemented and entered into the computer program "AIDA" in 1999. In the event of anomalies, file titles and durations were checked and a location, person and subject index as well as a film number index were created. In accordance with the requirements of the programme, the Roman title count and its subdivision into capital letters were converted into a decimal classification (IV A becomes 4.1.). The removal of Title XX "Construction Police" and Title XXXIII "Documents and Registers" resulted in a shift in the sequence of digits of the classification from the previous titles (the former Title XXI "Fire Police" becomes the classification number 20, etc.).Göttingen, December 2002Corresponding archives: The files of the two predecessor authorities "Königliche Polizeidirektion" are stored in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Hannover under the signature Hann. 87 Göttingen (duration 1702 to 1919). A copy of the finding aid book for this collection is available in the Göttingen City Archives under the signature H 8. The documents of the municipal police force in the 18th and 19th centuries, including the first municipal police directorate, are mainly in the local holdings of the Old Archive of Files (AA), protocols on imposed police punishments, diaries on income of the various police directorates, their annual accounts and the supporting documents can be found in the Department of Official Books (AB) under the signature Pol 1-7.

Göttingen City Archive >> Historical holdings

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