Fonds Landesarchiv NRW Abteilung Ostwestfalen-Lippe, M 1 I P - Minden Government, Police Department

654 Kartons = 1755 Archivbände (1400), 1713-1964. - Findbuch: M 1 I P.

Introduction :<br />Preliminary remarks<br />1) On the history and structure of the Minden government<br />By the "Ordinance for the improved establishment of the provincial authorities" of April 30, 1815, King Frederick William III of Prussia divided his state into ten provinces under chief presidents and 25 governments. One of these provinces was Westphalia with the administrative districts of Arnsberg, Münster and Minden (since August 1, 1816). Accordingly, the Minden government was an intermediate authority: It reported to the ministries in Berlin via the chief president of the respective province (here: chief president of the province of Westphalia in Münster) and received instructions from there, which it in turn forwarded to the district administrators and mayors of the independent towns in its district and received reports on their execution, on which further decrees were issued if necessary.<br />The Minden government was headed by a president. He presided over the college of government councillors, who were responsible for certain areas as departmental heads. These areas were grouped into two, later three departments: The first department was responsible for sovereignty and police administration, municipal supervision, public health, building administration, agriculture, trade, commerce, land registry, social affairs, statistics, church property, Jews and dissidents, the second for church and school affairs and the third department for taxes, domains and forestry.<br />From 1833, the administrative district of Minden was divided into the following districts: Minden, Herford, Bielefeld, Halle, Wiedenbrück, Paderborn, Büren, Höxter and Warburg; these districts in turn consisted of offices and towns. The city of Bielefeld became an independent district in 1878, the city of Herford in 1911. The size of the district was approx. 5268 square kilometers, making it the 21st largest of the Prussian administrative districts. In 1816 there were 335,000 inhabitants, in 1871 there were 687,000 and in 1939 928,000. The Protestant denominations predominated in the north-east, while the Catholic denominations predominated in the south and west.<br />When the state of Lippe joined the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1947, the state of Lippe and the administrative district of Minden were united to form the administrative district of Detmold and the seat of government was moved to Detmold.<br />2) Organization and history of the police in Prussia 1816-1947<br />The term "police", which originates from the Greek, first appeared in the German chancery language in the 15th century. At that time it meant something like "all public duties", but above all "good order". In the 17th and 18th centuries, the entire state administration was referred to as the police, with the exception of military administration, the judiciary, financial administration, the church and school system and foreign policy. Towards the end of the 18th century, however, the term began to be narrowed down to the defense against internal dangers. The General Prussian Land Law (Part II Title 17 § 10) of 1794 states: "It is the office of the police to take the necessary measures to maintain public peace, tranquillity, security and order and to avert imminent danger to the public ....." In practice, however, the boundaries between the police and general administration remained blurred. The distinction between administrative, regulatory and security police still applies today: the administrative police protect the administrative activities of the state and, if necessary, enforce the orders of the administration (e.g. health authorities) by force. In doing so, it can use its own formations (e.g. railroad police) or the general police as enforcement police. The public order police maintain public order (e.g. traffic police). The security police (e.g. criminal investigation department) ward off threats to the state, society and individuals caused by criminal activities of individuals or organizations. This broad police concept is also reflected in the tradition of the police department of the Minden government; among other things, it made it administratively possible for the department to be involved in the "Aryanization" of Jewish businesses and properties during the Nazi dictatorship.<br />The Prussian administration made a strict distinction between town and country, including in the police force. In the countryside, there was a coexistence of municipal police officers and state gendarmerie. The police officers were subordinate to the bailiffs and the village chiefs, they were employed and paid by the municipalities under the supervision of the district councillors. The gendarmes were organized militarily in brigades (here: VII Westphalian Gendarmerie Brigade in Münster) and were subject to the disciplinary authority of the Ministry of War, but technically to the Ministry of the Interior and its subordinate authorities, which decided on their deployment and stationing.<br />In towns with more than 10,000 inhabitants, the Minister of the Interior could either set up a state police force or entrust the municipal authorities with police administration. In the latter case, the municipal police administration was subject to supervision by the government.<br />During the Weimar Republic, the police underwent reorganizations in both urban and rural areas. The gendarmerie became the Landjägerei, which now belonged entirely to the Ministry of the Interior. The rural police stations in the districts were merged into rural police offices and these were combined into rural police departments in the districts. Several of these departments were combined to form Landjägereiinspektionen. There were two such inspectorates in the administrative district of Minden, one in Minden and the other in Paderborn. After 1918, a ("green") state security police force initially operated in the cities, which consisted of members of the Freikorps and soon had to be disbanded at the request of the victorious powers. It was merged with the municipal police units, then known as the "Ordnungspolizei", to form the ("blue") Schutzpolizei. In 1931, the districts were given a function as police authorities. The district councillors and mayors were thus placed between the local police authorities and the government as the state police authority. In 1925, the local criminal investigation department was joined by the state criminal investigation department, which was headed by the state criminal investigation department under the police president in Berlin. The intermediate authority in the administrative district of Minden was initially the state criminal police office in Hanover, and after the police headquarters in Bielefeld was founded, the state criminal police office in Bielefeld.<br />Even more far-reaching changes were made during the Third Reich: First, two new police formations were set up in 1933, the "Feldpolizei" and the "Landespolizei". The former was recruited from members of the SA and served as an auxiliary police force to combat opponents of National Socialism. In 1935, it was incorporated into the state police and from then on monitored party rallies. The barracked "Landespolizei" was officially intended to ward off internal unrest, but was more a measure of covert rearmament and was transferred to the Wehrmacht in 1935.<br />The Landjägererei was once again given the character of a military formation and from 1935 onwards was once again known as the "Gendarmerie".<br />Until 1933, combating political crimes had been a task of the criminal investigation department. Now, however, the political police became an independent branch of the internal administration under the name "Geheime Staatspolizei", or "Gestapo" for short. It was headed by the Secret State Police Office, which was spun off from the State Criminal Police Office in Berlin and headed by the Prussian Prime Minister (Hermann Göring). State police offices in the administrative districts formed the middle level; the state police office in Bielefeld was responsible for the administrative district of Minden. At the lowest level, Gestapo branch offices worked for the district councils. In 1934, the Reichsführer-SS and head of the Bavarian state police, Heinrich Himmler, succeeded in bringing the state police offices of all the states under his control. In Prussia, he acted as deputy chief and de facto head of the state police.<br />In 1936, the police were "reorganized" and Himmler was appointed head of the entire police force with the official title "Reichsführer-SS and Chief of the German Police". The police were reorganized: The chief of the (uniformed) order police was in charge of the protection police, the gendarmerie and the municipal police, and later also the fire police (= professional fire departments) and the air raid police. The head of the (non-uniformed) security police commanded the political police and the criminal investigation department. The two departments of the Security Police were merged with the SS Security Service in 1939 to form the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlin. Since 1936, the provinces (later the military districts) each had an inspector of the order police and one of the security police, who were assigned to the chief presidents. In 1937, these inspectors were subordinated to the "Higher SS and Police Leaders", who on the one hand led the order and security police in a military district and on the other held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer in their SS-Oberabschnitt. The Higher SS and Police Leader West in Düsseldorf was initially responsible for military district VI, but from April 1944 was responsible for the districts of Essen, Düsseldorf, Cologne-Aachen, Westphalia-North and Westphalia-South. The police were finally separated from the general administration when a special jurisdiction for members of the armed SS and the police was introduced in 1939, analogous to the military jurisdiction.<br />After the capitulation in 1945, the victorious powers dissolved the Reichspolizei. The Allied commanders-in-chief, and later the Allied Control Council, took over police authority. The administrative district of Minden belonged to the British occupation zone, in which the police administration was rebuilt in a decentralized manner based on the domestic model by dividing the police into city district and administrative district police forces. These police authorities were headed by the "Chief of Police", who was in charge of the security and criminal police, and the police committee, the representative body of the district's inhabitants, which supervised and looked after the police in terms of personnel and finances, but also represented them externally. This structure remained in place in North Rhine-Westphalia until 1953, when the police were centralized again.<br />3) About the indexing<br />In 1963, the Münster State Archives transferred the M 1 I P inventory to the Detmold State Archives. Its high source value for regional history, not least for the period of National Socialism, and its active use made the re-categorization of the fonds and the publication of the finding aid appear desirable. Most of the file titles were modernized and clarified and supplemented by "Contains" or "In it" notes. The shelfmarks, on the other hand, have not been changed.<br />The provisions of the Archive Act and the archive usage regulations of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia apply to use.<br />Citation: M 1 I P No. ...<br />Axel Eilts<br />Sources:<br />Erich Sandow, Aus der Geschichte der Regierung Detmold. In: Detmold government - past and present. Commemorative publication for the inauguration of the new government building. Detmold 1961. - 175 years old - District government in East Westphalia 1816-1991. A documentation edited by Ernst Siemer. Detmold 1991 - Thomas Ellwein, Der Staat als Zufall und als Notwendigkeit. Die jüngere Verwaltungsentwicklung in Deutschland am Beispiel Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Opladen 1993. - Wolfgang Leesch, Verwaltung in Westfalen 1815-1945. Organization und Zuständigkeit, Münster 1992. - Horst Romeyk, Kleine Verwaltungsgeschichte Nordrhein-Westfalens, Siegburg 1988.<br />This finding aid corresponds to the print finding aid published in 1995: Axel Eilts (Bearb.), Preußische Regierung Minden, Polizeidezernat (Veröffentlichungen der Staatlichen Archive des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Reihe F, Findbücher Nr. <br /><br />Introduction :<br />Preliminary remarks<br />1) On the history and structure of the Minden government<br />By the "Ordinance for the improved establishment of provincial authorities" of April 30, 1815, King Frederick William III of Prussia divided his state into ten provinces under chief presidents and 25 governments. One of these provinces was Westphalia with the administrative districts of Arnsberg, Münster and Minden (since August 1, 1816). Accordingly, the Minden government was an intermediate authority: It reported to the ministries in Berlin via the chief president of the respective province (here: chief president of the province of Westphalia in Münster) and received instructions from there, which it in turn forwarded to the district administrators and mayors of the independent towns in its district and received reports on their execution, on which further decrees were issued if necessary.<br />The Minden government was headed by a president. He presided over the college of government councillors, who were responsible for certain areas as departmental heads. These areas were grouped into two, later three departments: The first department was responsible for sovereignty and police administration, municipal supervision, public health, building administration, agriculture, trade, commerce, land registry, social affairs, statistics, church property, Jews and dissidents, the second for church and school affairs and the third department for taxes, domains and forestry.<br />From 1833, the administrative district of Minden was divided into the following districts: Minden, Herford, Bielefeld, Halle, Wiedenbrück, Paderborn, Büren, Höxter and Warburg; these districts in turn consisted of offices and towns. The city of Bielefeld became an independent district in 1878, the city of Herford in 1911. The size of the district was approx. 5268 square kilometers, making it the 21st largest of the Prussian administrative districts. In 1816 there were 335,000 inhabitants, in 1871 there were 687,000 and in 1939 928,000. The Protestant denominations predominated in the north-east, while the Catholic denominations predominated in the south and west.<br />When the state of Lippe joined the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1947, the state of Lippe and the administrative district of Minden were united to form the administrative district of Detmold and the seat of government was moved to Detmold.<br />2) Organization and history of the police in Prussia 1816-1947<br />The term "police", which originates from the Greek, first appeared in the German chancery language in the 15th century. At that time it meant something like "all public duties", but above all "good order". In the 17th and 18th centuries, the entire state administration was referred to as the police, with the exception of military administration, the judiciary, financial administration, the church and school system and foreign policy. Towards the end of the 18th century, however, the term began to be narrowed down to the defense against internal dangers. The General Prussian Land Law (Part II Title 17 § 10) of 1794 states: "It is the office of the police to take the necessary measures to maintain public peace, tranquillity, security and order and to avert imminent danger to the public ....." In practice, however, the boundaries between the police and general administration remained blurred. The distinction between administrative, regulatory and security police still applies today: the administrative police protect the administrative activities of the state and, if necessary, enforce the orders of the administration (e.g. health authorities) by force. In doing so, it can use its own formations (e.g. railroad police) or the general police as enforcement police. The public order police maintain public order (e.g. traffic police). The security police (e.g. criminal investigation department) ward off threats to the state, society and individuals caused by criminal activities of individuals or organizations. This broad police concept is also reflected in the tradition of the police department of the Minden government; among other things, it made it administratively possible for the department to be involved in the "Aryanization" of Jewish businesses and properties during the Nazi dictatorship.<br />The Prussian administration made a strict distinction between town and country, including in the police force. In the countryside, there was a coexistence of municipal police officers and state gendarmerie. The police officers were subordinate to the bailiffs and the village chiefs, they were employed and paid by the municipalities under the supervision of the district councillors. The gendarmes were organized militarily in brigades (here: VII Westphalian Gendarmerie Brigade in Münster) and were subject to the disciplinary authority of the Ministry of War, but technically to the Ministry of the Interior and its subordinate authorities, which decided on their deployment and stationing.<br />In towns with more than 10,000 inhabitants, the Minister of the Interior could either set up a state police force or entrust the municipal authorities with police administration. In the latter case, the municipal police administration was subject to supervision by the government.<br />During the Weimar Republic, the police underwent reorganizations in both urban and rural areas. The gendarmerie became the Landjägerei, which now belonged entirely to the Ministry of the Interior. The rural police stations in the districts were merged into rural police offices and these were combined into rural police departments in the districts. Several of these departments were combined to form Landjägereiinspektionen. There were two such inspectorates in the administrative district of Minden, one in Minden and the other in Paderborn. After 1918, a ("green") state security police force initially operated in the cities, which consisted of members of the Freikorps and soon had to be disbanded at the request of the victorious powers. It was merged with the municipal police units, then known as the "Ordnungspolizei", to form the ("blue") Schutzpolizei. In 1931, the districts were given a function as police authorities. The district councillors and mayors were thus placed between the local police authorities and the government as the state police authority. In 1925, the local criminal investigation department was joined by the state criminal investigation department, which was headed by the state criminal investigation department under the police president in Berlin. The intermediate authority in the administrative district of Minden was initially the state criminal police office in Hanover, and after the police headquarters in Bielefeld was founded, the state criminal police office in Bielefeld.<br />Even more far-reaching changes were made during the Third Reich: First, two new police formations were set up in 1933, the "Feldpolizei" and the "Landespolizei". The former was recruited from members of the SA and served as an auxiliary police force to combat opponents of National Socialism. In 1935, it was incorporated into the state police and from then on monitored party rallies. The barracked "Landespolizei" was officially intended to ward off internal unrest, but was more a measure of covert rearmament and was transferred to the Wehrmacht in 1935.<br />The Landjägererei was once again given the character of a military formation and from 1935 onwards was once again known as the "Gendarmerie".<br />Until 1933, combating political crimes had been a task of the criminal investigation department. Now, however, the political police became an independent branch of the internal administration under the name "Geheime Staatspolizei", or "Gestapo" for short. It was headed by the Secret State Police Office, which was spun off from the State Criminal Police Office in Berlin and headed by the Prussian Prime Minister (Hermann Göring). State police offices in the administrative districts formed the middle level; the state police office in Bielefeld was responsible for the administrative district of Minden. At the lowest level, Gestapo branch offices worked for the district councils. In 1934, the Reichsführer-SS and head of the Bavarian state police, Heinrich Himmler, succeeded in bringing the state police offices of all the states under his control. In Prussia, he acted as deputy chief and de facto head of the state police.<br />In 1936, the police were "reorganized" and Himmler was appointed head of the entire police force with the official title "Reichsführer-SS and Chief of the German Police". The police were reorganized: The chief of the (uniformed) order police was in charge of the protection police, the gendarmerie and the municipal police, and later also the fire police (= professional fire departments) and the air raid police. The head of the (non-uniformed) security police commanded the political police and the criminal investigation department. The two departments of the Security Police were merged with the SS Security Service in 1939 to form the Reich Security Main Office (RSHA) in Berlin. Since 1936, the provinces (later the military districts) each had an inspector of the order police and one of the security police, who were assigned to the chief presidents. In 1937, these inspectors were subordinated to the "Higher SS and Police Leaders", who on the one hand led the order and security police in a military district and on the other held the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer in their SS-Oberabschnitt. The Higher SS and Police Leader West in Düsseldorf was initially responsible for military district VI, but from April 1944 was responsible for the districts of Essen, Düsseldorf, Cologne-Aachen, Westphalia-North and Westphalia-South. The police were finally separated from the general administration when a special jurisdiction for members of the armed SS and the police was introduced in 1939, analogous to the military jurisdiction.<br />After the capitulation in 1945, the victorious powers dissolved the Reichspolizei. The Allied commanders-in-chief, and later the Allied Control Council, took over police authority. The administrative district of Minden belonged to the British occupation zone, in which the police administration was rebuilt in a decentralized manner based on the domestic model by dividing the police into city district and administrative district police forces. These police authorities were headed by the "Chief of Police", who was in charge of the security and criminal police, and the police committee, the representative body of the district's inhabitants, which supervised and looked after the police in terms of personnel and finances, but also represented them externally. This structure remained in place in North Rhine-Westphalia until 1953, when the police were centralized again.<br />3) About the indexing<br />In 1963, the Münster State Archives transferred the M 1 I P inventory to the Detmold State Archives. Its high source value for regional history, not least for the period of National Socialism, and its active use made the re-categorization of the fonds and the publication of the finding aid appear desirable. Most of the file titles were modernized and clarified and supplemented by "Contains" or "In it" notes. The shelfmarks, on the other hand, have not been changed.<br />The provisions of the Archive Act and the archive usage regulations of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia apply to use.<br />Citation: M 1 I P No. ...<br />Axel Eilts<br />Sources:<br />Erich Sandow, Aus der Geschichte der Regierung Detmold. In: Detmold government - past and present. Commemorative publication for the inauguration of the new government building. Detmold 1961. - 175 years old - District government in East Westphalia 1816-1991. A documentation edited by Ernst Siemer. Detmold 1991 - Thomas Ellwein, Der Staat als Zufall und als Notwendigkeit. Die jüngere Verwaltungsentwicklung in Deutschland am Beispiel Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Opladen 1993. - Wolfgang Leesch, Verwaltung in Westfalen 1815-1945. Organization und Zuständigkeit, Münster 1992. - Horst Romeyk, Kleine Verwaltungsgeschichte Nordrhein-Westfalens, Siegburg 1988.<br />This finding aid corresponds to the print finding aid published in 1995: Axel Eilts (Bearb.), Preußische Regierung Minden, Polizeidezernat (Veröffentlichungen der Staatlichen Archive des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Reihe F, Findbücher Nr. 7), Detmold 1995. In the internet version, individual notes on contents are not published for data protection reasons.<br /><br />Preliminary remarks<br /><br />Preliminary remarks

Landesarchiv NRW Abteilung Ostwestfalen-Lippe (Archivtektonik) >> 1.2. Regierungsbezirk Minden (1816-1947), Regierungsbezirk Detmold (seit 1947) >> 1.2.1. Verwaltung >> 1.2.1.1. Regierung Minden >> M 1 I P Regierung Minden, Polizeiwesen

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