Fonds - Rep. 2A Government Potsdam

History of Authorities<br /><br />1. General Overview<br />In the course of the Prussian reforms after the collapse of 1806, the "Publicandum betr. die veränderte Verfassung der obersten Staatsbehörden der Preußischen Monarchie in Bezug auf die innere Landes- und Finanzverwaltung" ("Publicandum betr. the changed constitution of the supreme state authorities of the Prussian Monarchy in relation to the internal state and financial administration") of 16. The foundation for the reorganization of the provincial administration was laid on 26 December 1808 with the decree "Because of the improved establishment of the provincial, police and financial authorities" and the "Business instruction for the governments in all provinces" of 26 December 1808. The central concerns of this reorganization were the separation of the judiciary and the administration and the merging of all branches of the state administration at regional level into one authority, which was given the name Government. The governments, which were directly subordinated to the ministries for their respective areas of responsibility, thus became the most important central authority for the internal and financial administration of the Prussian state in the 19th and 20th centuries. The progressive differentiation of specialist and special administrations with their own authorities over the course of the 19th century, the formation of self-governing bodies at district, administrative district and provincial level from the 1870s onwards, and the intensified development of the Reich administration from 1919 onwards, increasingly restricted the comprehensive competence of the government, but did not fundamentally change its central position in the middle level of the administration.<br />In Brandenburg, the Kurmärkische and Neumärkische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer were transformed into governments as part of the reorganization of 1808/09. The Kurmärkische Regierung essentially succeeded the Kurmärkische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer in Berlin, the Akzise- und Zolldirektionen in Berlin and Brandenburg, the Provinzialmedizinalbehörde für die Kurmark, the Kurmärkische Amtskirchenrevenuendirektorium, the Oberkonsistorium der Kurmark and the Kurmärkische Landarmendirektion. The tasks of the administration of justice associated with the War and Domain Chamber were transferred to the Court of Appeal in Berlin, from which the government in turn assumed state sovereignty. In accordance with the cabinet order of March 3, 1809, the authority, which had officially designated itself a government since February 1809, moved from Berlin to Potsdam and commenced business there on June 12, 1809. In accordance with the decree of 26 December 1808, the Kurmärkische Regierung received five deputations: 1. a police deputation, 2. a spiritual and debt deputation, 3. a financial deputation, 4. a military deputation and 5. a tax deputation. The Ständische Domänenverwaltungskommission was formed on 27 July 1809 for the administration of the 36 Kurmärkische and 6 Magdeburgische domain offices, which had been handed over to the Kurmärkische and Magdeburgische estates for resale by Rezess on 24 March 1809. Under the leadership of the chairman of the financial delegation, the affairs of the domains ceded to the estates were to be handled in this commission by three permanent deputies with the involvement of several domain councils of the Kurmärkische Regierung. After the Pfandbriefe issued to the offices had been redeemed, the Commission was dissolved on 1 June 1818.<br />The "Ordinance of 30 April 1815 on the Restructuring of the Prussian State by Improving the Establishment of Provincial Authorities" provided for the division of the Province of Brandenburg into the three administrative districts of Berlin, Potsdam and Frankfurt (Oder). When these changes came into force on 25 March 1816, the Kurmärkische Regierung changed its name to Government of Potsdam. The Berlin government existed only until the end of 1821, so that the province of Brandenburg was now divided into two administrative districts. However, Berlin maintained a special status and was gradually separated from the province of Brandenburg in the course of the 19th century. The chief president, who had headed the provincial administration since 1815, had supervisory rights over the governments. Thus reports of the governments went to the ministers and vice versa decrees of the ministers went to the governments about the chief president, who was however not a superior of the governments and should not interfere in the details of the administration.<br />At the same time with the regulation of 30 April 1815 the competence and business distribution of the governments were partly reorganized. The ordinance determined the distribution of business between two departments and transferred part of the church and school supervision of the government to the Consistory to be re-established in each province. Thus the matters handled by the previous police and military deputation as well as the church and school matters remaining with the government were transferred to the newly formed first department, the items administered by the previous financial and tax deputation as well as the trade police and the agricultural and hydraulic engineering to the new second department.<br />The "Allerhöchste Kabinettsorder...betreffend eine Änderung in der bisherigen Organisation der Provinzialverwaltungsbehörden" of 31 December 1825, according to which four departments were set up in 1826, became decisive for the establishment of the Potsdam government in the long term: I. the Department of Home Affairs, II. the Department of Churches and Education, III. the Department of Direct Taxes, Domains and Forests and IV. the Department of Indirect Taxes. This division existed essentially until the end of the authority in 1945, but was adapted in many details to the changing circumstances. The government's departmental and business relationships were determined by the "Instruction to the Management of Governments in the Royal Prussian States" of October 23, 1817 and the Cabinet Order of December 31, 1825. The instruction provided for a collegial handling of the matters in the plenum and the departments. The government was headed by the President of the Government, who in 1825 was appointed sole head of the government instead of a Presidium. From 1825 until the introduction of the "Law on the Organisation of the General State Administration" on 26 July 1880 in 1881, the Potsdam presidents were also chief presidents of the province of Brandenburg. In 1881, in accordance with the law of 26 July 1880, the Department of Internal Affairs was transformed into the Presidential Department, whose affairs the President of the Government, together with the councils attached to him, dealt with under his own responsibility. In accordance with the "Verordnung zur Vereinfachung und Verbilligung der Verwaltung" (Ordinance for the Simplification and Reduction of the Price of Administration) of September 1, 1932, the presidential office principle now also found its way into Departments II and III, thus bringing the collegial organization of the Potsdam government to an end. At the same time, the presidential department was renamed the General Department.<br />Reform projects to simplify and reduce the cost of administration, which had already been discussed before the First World War, were in some cases only implemented after the National Socialist seizure of power. These measures, the reorganization of the administration according to the National Socialist leader principle and its making available for service for the requirements of war preparation led to restructuring and changes in tasks from 1933 onwards, although a radical reorganization of the administration at the intermediate level did not take place until 1945. By the "Act on the Extension of the Powers of the Chief President" of 15 December 1933 and the "Second Decree on the Reconstruction of the Reich" of 27 November 1934, the Chief President received the right to issue instructions to the President of the Government, but thus did not become his superior. The far-reaching elimination of local self-government at provincial and district level also had a drastic effect. With the outbreak of the Second World War, the government was given additional tasks, especially in the area of war economy and social welfare. Despite drafts for military service and secondments to the occupied territories, the extensive administrative apparatus remained essentially intact until 1945. With the capture of Potsdam by Soviet troops at the end of April 1945, the Potsdam government ceased to exist. On July 5, 1945, the Soviet occupying power appointed a provincial administration Mark Brandenburg for the territory of the province west of Oder and Neisse, which took over all tasks of the former central and regional authorities left in German hands.<br /><br />2. Tasks in the departments, subordinate and affiliated authorities<br />The business area of Department I, which changed in some areas over the course of time, included v. a. presidential and personnel matters, sovereign matters, police and political matters, military matters, citizenship matters, matters of transport, commerce and industry, municipal supervision, settlement and housing matters, social and welfare matters, medical and veterinary matters, state and municipal buildings, construction police, agricultural matters, hydraulic engineering matters and financial matters. In 1876/77, road and shosse construction work was transferred from the government to the newly formed municipal provincial association (cf. Rep. 55 Provinzialverband Abt. III). Waterway Matters took over the administration of the Märkische Wasserstraßen in 1903 (cf. Rep. 57 Wasserstraßendirektion Potsdam). In connection with the establishment of the Reich Finance Administration in 1920, the tax and cadastral matters remaining with the government as well as the supervision of the district treasuries were transferred from Division III to Division I. From 1933, Division I handed over the matters of youth welfare, vocational and technical schools and household schools to Division II, matters of agriculture and soil improvement cooperatives to Division III and the supervision of municipal and private forests to the forestry department. In November 1936, Division I of the Church and School Division took over responsibility for the Land Year for Out-of-School Youth introduced in 1934. Division I also managed the affairs of the protective police and the political police. In 1933, the tasks in the area of political police were transferred to the Potsdam State Police Station (see Rep. 35A Staatspolizeistelle Potsdam), which was subordinate to the Secret State Police Office and initially also temporarily to the President of the Government. With the dissolution of the District Committee as the decision-making authority on 1 January 1934, the District President took over the duties of this authority, e.g. in its function as the water book authority.<br />For the preliminary audit and acceptance of the annual accounts of the Government Main Treasury intended for the Upper Chamber of Accounts, for the participation in the audit of accounts entrusted to the Government and for the completion of other budgetary, cash and accounting matters, an accounting office was established, which commenced its activities on 1 April 1923. In close connection with the municipal departments of Department I, the municipal examination office of the Potsdam government stood for the municipalities subject to the supervision of the district president, which began its work on August 1, 1934. Among other things, it audited the municipal coffers and the annual accounts of the municipalities and associations of municipalities. On the basis of the Reich Law on the Formation of Main Surveying Departments of 18 March 1938, the Main Surveying Department IV for Berlin, the administrative district Potsdam (without the district Prenzlau) and the administrative district Frankfurt (Oder) was formed in the same year by the President of the Government in Potsdam, which was closely connected with the business group Cadastral Matters. Its tasks included various surveys and the processing of the topographic National Map series.<br />As the superior provincial authority for civil servants in the administrative district who were not appointed by the State Ministry, the government was the disciplinary authority of the first instance on the basis of the Disciplinary Act of 1852. In 1918 a seven-member disciplinary court was formed, chaired by the President of the Government. In execution of the Reichsdienststrafordnung of 26 January 1937, the tasks associated with this were transferred in the same year to the Dienststrafkammer at the Bezirksverwaltungsgericht Frankfurt (Oder) with responsibility for the entire province of Brandenburg (see Rep. 31B Bezirksausschuss Frankfurt [Oder]). the councillors and mayors of the independent towns, the magistrates, the gendarmerie, the Potsdam police headquarters, the trade supervisory offices, the district doctors, the district doctors, the state building construction offices, the hydraulic engineering inspections until 1903, the cultural construction offices, the dyke associations, the trade educational institutions as well as the land registry offices and the state district treasuries from 1920.<br />After the decree of 26 December 1808, the ecclesiastical and school deputation was responsible for all matters of worship and teaching, some of which, however, passed to the newly founded Konsistorium der Provinz Brandenburg (cf. Rep. 40D Konsistorium der Provinz Brandenburg) in March 1816. Section II, formed in 1826, dealt with ecclesiastical and school matters insofar as they were not reserved for the Consistory or for the Provincial School College, which was also formed in 1826 as a separate department of the Consistory, or for the Chief President entrusted with the supervision of the Catholic Church. Section II was responsible, among other things, for filling all spiritual and school teaching positions subject to the sovereign patronage, supervising the churches, public and private schools, supervising and administering the entire elementary school system and administering church, school and foundation assets. In 1845 the government lost a large part of its church affairs to the Consistory and the Chief President. A further limitation of powers in church matters occurred in 1877 in the implementation of the Act of 3 June 1876, which retained the exercise by the Government of the powers of the patronage of the sovereign and individual rights of supervision affecting asset management. The most important task of Division II remained the supervision and administration of primary and private schools, which, however, was largely transferred to the provincial councils and school councils in 1933. Department II was in charge of the district school inspections (from 1934 district school councils).<br />Direct taxes and cadastral matters, state income from domains and forests and domain and fiscal forestry estates were administered in Department III. She also supervised the non-governmental forests. With the transfer of the tax matters to the Landesfinanzamt in Berlin (see Rep. 36A Oberfinanzpräsident Berlin-Brandenburg) and to Department I, which also took over the cadastral matters, the business group direct taxes ceased to exist in 1920. In 1933 the forestry matters were combined in a separate forest department and from 1934 onwards processed in the independent government forestry office under the direction of a land forestry master. Division III, now called the Agricultural Division, remained responsible for domain administration and for the agricultural and water management matters taken over from Division I. The Agricultural and Water Management Division was responsible for the administration of the domain. Until 1920, the income tax assessment commissions, district treasuries and land registry offices were responsible for direct taxes from Division III A. The domain department was responsible for the domain and pension offices, the domain tenants and the cathedral monastery Brandenburg, the forest department for the forest inspections, which were subdivided into upper foresteries, and the forest funds.<br />The department IV was responsible for the administration of indirect taxes, e.g. customs duties. On 1 October 1876, its business area was transferred to the newly established Provincial Tax Directorate for the Province of Brandenburg, including the City of Berlin with its registered office in Berlin (cf. Rep. 26E Provincial Tax Directorate). The main tax offices were departmentalized by the department.<br />The government of Potsdam was affiliated with various authorities:<br />In 1876, a district council was formed as a decision-making authority for the administrative district of Potsdam in accordance with the provincial order of 29 June 1875. He was involved in the supervision of local government, schools, road construction and other matters of general state administration. It was replaced in 1884 by the District Committee, which was merged with the District Administrative Court. The District President chaired the District Council or the District Committee (cf. Rep. 31A Bezirksausschuss Potsdam).<br />In 1903, the administration of the Märkische Wasserstraßen, which was directly subordinate to the District President in Potsdam (cf. Rep. 57 Wasserstraßendirektion Potsdam), was set up to deal with waterway matters of particular importance in the administrative district of Potsdam with regard to the supply of Berlin (cf. Rep. 57 Wasserstraßendirektion Potsdam).<br />1912, the Higher Insurance Office for the Administrative District was incorporated into the government on the basis of the Reich Insurance Ordinance as a higher decision-making, decision-making and supervisory authority in matters of health, accident and disability insurance, which from then on was subject to the chairmanship of the President of the Government.<br /><br />3. The Administrative District<br />In 1809, the Administrative District comprised the territory of the Kurmark with the exception of the Altmark. When the Potsdam administrative district was finally divided up and the borders established in 1816, the districts of Cottbus and Lebus and the Beeskow dominion fell to the Frankfurt (Oder) administrative district. From the areas of the province belonging to Saxony before 1815, the offices Belzig, Jüterbog and Dahme, the dominion Baruth and some villages from the district office Wittenberg, from the offices Seyda, Schlieben and Doberlug as well as the Lower Lusatia were transferred to the administrative district Potsdam with the 6th of April 1816. From 1816 to 1821, the city of Berlin with the wider Berlin police district in the surrounding area was under the control of the Berlin government, whose responsibilities then fell primarily to the Berlin police headquarters, special commissions for military and construction matters, the Potsdam government and temporarily also the Ministry of the Interior. From 1828 to 1881, when the city of Berlin left the province of Brandenburg, municipal supervision was the responsibility of the Potsdam government. In 1836 the administrative district Frankfurt (Oder) ceded the dominion Beeskow and three formerly Storkower villages to the district Potsdam. In the 19th century some villages and establishments of the surrounding districts of Berlin were incorporated into the city. With the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920, the administrative district of Potsdam lost 7 towns, 59 rural communities and 27 manor districts in the districts of Teltow, Niederbarnim and Osthavelland. Further border changes were effected by the Law on Greater Hamburg and other territorial adjustments of 26 January 1937, which, among other things, transferred the Mecklenburg exclaves with the municipalities of Rossow, Netzeband and Schönberg to the administrative district of Potsdam.<br />In 1816, the administrative district was divided into the following 13 districts: Angermünde, Jüterbog-Luckenwalde, Niederbarnim, Oberbarnim, Osthavelland, Ostprignitz, Prenzlau, Ruppin, Teltow-Storkow, Templin, Westhavelland, Westprignitz and Zauch-Belzig. Potsdam formed a city district. In 1836 the dominion Beeskow was united with the dominion Storkow to the new district Beeskow-Storkow. Later the larger towns Charlottenburg (1877), Brandenburg (Havel) (1881), Spandau (1887), Rixdorf (1899, since 1912 Neukölln), Schöneberg (1899), Wilmersdorf (1907), Lichtenberg (1908), Eberswalde (1911), Wittenberge (1922) and Rathenow (1925) separated from the counties and formed their own counties.<br /><br />Environmental history<br /><br />A small part of the inventory was already in the Secret State Archives in Berlin-Dahlem before 1945. The Potsdam government had been handing over files to this archive since 1877, but had also collected considerable quantities itself. The files that had been removed from the Secret State Archives during the Second World War were transferred to the BLHA in 1949/50. Approximately 100 volumes of files from Department I on food supply in World War I as well as a considerable part of the files from the Department of Church and School Affairs are still kept in the Privy State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage in Berlin-Dahlem, where the holdings are called X. HA, Rep. 2 B wears. An extensive older part of the Potsdam government's planning chamber is also kept there. Obviously, war losses did not occur or occurred only to a small extent, for example through the targeted destruction of politically explosive documents at the end of the war. By far the largest part of the preserved files and parts of the government's planning chamber were transferred from the former government building to the BLHA, which was being built at the time, in 1949. In the following years, smaller levies were transferred from successor authorities to the archives and assigned to the holdings according to their provenance. Thus, 80 linear metres of hydraulic engineering files from the stock Rep. 57 Wasserstraßendirektion Potsdam were separated and classified into the substock Rep. 2A I LW (Land- und Wasserwirtschaft).<br />The order and registration work on the files of the government of Potsdam began in the BLHA immediately after the takeover in 1950. The order of the stock is generally based on the structure of the authority around 1932, i.e. the level achieved in long, continuous development before the drastic changes of the National Socialist period. The order of Division I is based on the business distribution plans of 1929, 1934 and 1943, some of whose groups had to be slightly supplemented in order to classify all existing materials. Breaks in the order of the individual business circles of Division I, which are caused by the development of the registry, were carefully cleaned up in accordance with the administrative structure principle. The order of the church and school departments corresponds to the registry order around 1900, when the division according to superintendents was replaced by one according to districts and within the district the generalia was subdivided according to superintendents (church matters) and district school inspections (school matters). The systematics of the domain registration of the Kurmärkische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer was maintained by the Potsdam government until 1896, after the offices had already ceased to exist, and was regulated according to that of the chamber in the reorganization of the BLHA. In 1897, new files were created according to domains and districts. In the forest department, the files were no longer classified according to the still existing forest inspections, but according to senior foresters, during the reorganization around 1850.<br />The reorganization and registration work extended over a longer period from the 1960s to the 1980s and ended with the development of finding aids for all partial stocks. An exception to this are the personal file collections, which are largely accessible via finding indexes with the initial title entry, as well as individual uniform file groups (above all citizenship matters), which were initially only stored in an orderly manner without distortion. In the years 2009 to 2011, the indexing data from all finding aids of the inventory were transferred to the archive database. By 2012, the index data from the finding indexes of the initial title entry for the personnel file holdings could finally also be recorded in the archive database. The necessary work to review and supplement this initial title entry took place in 2012 and finally in 2017 for the teachers and forest personnel.<br /><br />Composition of the holdings<br /><br />In the result of the archival order, the total records of the authority were subdivided into substocks:<br />Documents from Department I (Presidential Department, General Department) in the substocks:<br />- I P: Presidential registration<br />- I KR: Cash registers and accounting<br />- I RHK: Government main cash register<br />- I Pol: Police and Political Affairs<br />- I St: Nationality and Miscellaneous<br />- I V: Traffic, Roads, Bridges<br />- I HG: Trade and Industry<br />- I Kom: Municipal Affairs<br />- I S: Settlement and Housing<br />- I SW: Social and Welfare Affairs<br />- I Med: Medical Affairs<br />- I Vet: Veterinary affairs<br />- I LW: Agriculture and water management, hydraulic engineering<br />- I Hb: Building construction affairs<br />- I Kat: Cadastral affairs<br />- I Ldj: Land year affairs<br />- I Pers: Personnel files<br />Documents of Division II (Church and School System) in the following subsets:<br />- II Gen: Generalia<br />- II A: District Angermünde<br />- II B: District Beeskow-Storkow<br />- II J: District Jüterbog-Luckenwalde<br />- II N: District Niederbarnim<br />- II O: District Oberbarnim<br />- II OH: District Osthavelland<br />- II OP: District Ostprignitz<br />- II P: District Prenzlau<br />- II R: Kreis Ruppin<br />- II T: Kreis Teltow<br />- II Tp: Kreis Templin<br />- II WH: Kreis Westhavelland<br />- II WP: Kreis Westprignitz<br />- II Z: Kreis Zauch-Belzig<br />- II Bln: Stadtkreis Berlin<br />- II Brd: County of Brandenburg (Havel)<br />- II Chb: County of Charlottenburg<br />- II Pdm: County of Potsdam<br />- II Spa: County of Spandau<br />- II AK: Counties outside the administrative district of Potsdam)<br />- II Pers: Teacher's personal files<br />Documents of Department III (Direct taxes, domains and forests) in the subsets:<br />- III D: Domain registration<br />- III F: Forest registration<br />- III F Pers: Personnel files of the Forestry Administration<br />- III F Documents of Division IV (Indirect Taxes) in partial stock:<br />- IV: Indirect Taxes<br />The extensive tradition of maps and plans of the Potsdam government is summarized in the map stock:<br />- Rep. 2A Government of Potsdam - Maps

Brandenburg State Archives >> Brandenburg State Archives (Archivtektonik) >> Province of Brandenburg 1806/16-1945 >> Potsdam administrative district >> regional authorities

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