Fonds Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Abt. Staatsarchiv Freiburg, D 180/2 - Spruchkammer Südbaden: DNZ files

Contents and evaluation<br /><br />Individual case files<br /><br />History of the authorities: The history of the South Baden Division (fonds group D 180) is closely linked to that of the State Commissariat for Political Cleansing (fonds C 48/1). After the first individual measures for political cleansing had been taken directly by the military (imprisonments and suspensions) towards the end of the Second World War in the course of the advance of French troops into Baden in the spring of 1945, the occupying power began to set up a two-stage cleansing apparatus in the fall of 1945. In the area of public administration, investigation committees were set up at district level, which were supervised by purging commissions for the individual administrative departments. There was an analogous organizational form for the economy (investigation committees and purge commissions). Special regulations applied to the University of Fribourg, the post office, the railroads and the administration of justice. In March 1946, a Political Control Committee was set up as the third stage at the military government of the French-occupied part of Baden in Freiburg, and Erwin Eckert was appointed its head on April 10, 1946. Eckert also became a member of the provisional government of southern Baden as State Councillor for Special Tasks. The Political Control Committee was to coordinate and control the work of the purge commissions and investigation committees, but did not have extensive decision-making powers. Eckert resigned on October 22, 1946. He later became State Commissioner for Reconstruction (cf. fonds C 55/1). On December 2, 1946, the State Commissariat for Political Cleansing was created to replace the Political Control Committee. It was initially headed by Richard Streng, who was succeeded by Walter Nunier on April 2, 1947. On the basis of the State Decree on the Liberation from National Socialism and Militarism of March 29, 1947, which for the first time comprehensively regulated denazification in the French-occupied part of Baden, the State Commissariat for Political Cleansing was set up as a division chamber. It consisted of several sections made up of a chairman, a representative of each of the authorized political parties and the trade unions, two assessors from the professional group of the person to be judged and a representative of the State Commissioner for Political Cleansing. It was the task of the adjudicatory chamber to make a decision in the political purge proceedings of the person concerned on the basis of the investigative material compiled by the investigative committees and submitted to it, and on the basis of the proposals made by the committees. In addition, the Spruchkammer could conduct additional investigations itself or commission a committee of inquiry to do so. It also ruled in appeal proceedings. The State Commissioner for Political Cleansing was responsible for organizing the proceedings, announcing the decisions made and initiating the implementation of the sanctions imposed. He could also order a re-examination of the individual case by the Trial Chamber before the decision was published and initiate appeal proceedings after publication. The State Commissioner was also involved in the staffing of the denazification bodies. The old investigative committees and purification commissions, which had been formed from the fall of 1945, ceased their activities when the state ordinance came into force and handed over the files they had accumulated to the new investigative committees and the division chamber. As the denazification process progressed, the number of divisions of the Spruchkammer and the investigative committees was gradually reduced. After the founding of the state of Baden-Württemberg, the task of completing the political purge was transferred to the Ministry of Justice in Stuttgart (announcement by the provisional government on the demarcation of the ministries' areas of responsibility dated July 8, 1952). On the basis of the Act on the Uniform Termination of Political Cleansing of July 13, 1953, the Division Chamber ceased its activities on October 31, 1953. The liquidation of the State Commissariat for Political Cleansing began in February 1951; from then on it was known as the "Liquidation Office". Adolf Gremmelspacher became the head of the Processing Office. With effect from April 1, 1952, the Processing Office was incorporated into the Baden Ministry of the Interior. The State Commissioner's Office continued to exist until September 1952. After Gremmelspacher left his post on October 1, 1952, an information office for political cleansing was set up at the South Baden Regional Council in Freiburg as the successor authority, which ceased its work on December 31, 1952. (M. Stingl)<br /><br />History of the holdings: The individual case files on denazification came to the Freiburg State Archives at the beginning of the 1990s as an addition from the Karlsruhe General State Archives. The fonds were indexed using typewritten alphabetical indexes. In order to make the finding aid easier to use, it was transferred to scope Archiv in 2006. This was followed by a correction process in which thousands of doubtful cases (e.g. numbers not documented in the registers but where files were present in the fonds or duplicate numbers) were clarified and added. Nevertheless, the following should be borne in mind when using this finding aid: - The title records of this finding aid will be successively uploaded to the Internet and displayed there after any embargo periods have expired. - The present holdings were not recorded file by file in the State Archives Freiburg. This finding aid is merely a revised copy of the analog registers. It is therefore possible that in individual cases names are listed in the finding aid where no files are physically present in the fonds. - A number of numbers in the fonds - despite the above-mentioned correction process - are still not documented. A sufficient explanation as to why such inconsistent numbering was undertaken by the denazification authorities at the time could not be found in the records of the Freiburg State Archives. - For almost 6,000 individual case files, there is only a reference or a placeholder with the note "interné" in fonds D 180/2. The files themselves are probably located exclusively in the Archives de l¿occupation française en Allemagne et Autriche under the French Foreign Ministry. These files are not specifically identified in this Findbuch. - In the typewritten registers, a number of names were found for which no file signature (denazification number - DNZ) was given. These cases were not included in this electronic finding aid. - The spelling of a number of names could not be definitively clarified (e.g. "ss" or "ß", "ph" or "f" etc.). Where verifiable, alternative spellings were included in the file title, but it is still advisable to look for alternative spellings from time to time. - Persons in whose files no date of birth or death could be ascertained were given the fictitious date of birth 1111 to enable these title records to be displayed on the Internet. The fonds D 180/2 measure 337 linear meters and comprise more than 230,000 fascicles

Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Abt. Staatsarchiv Freiburg (Archivtektonik) >> (Süd-) Baden 1945-1952: Landesoberbehörden, Höhere Verwaltungs- und Höhere Sonderbehörden >> Geschäftsbereich Bad. Staatskommissariat für politische Säuberung

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