Fonds Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, Abt. Staatsarchiv Ludwigsburg, F 420 I - State orphanages

1 Urkunde, 1876 Büschel und Bände (48,8 lfd. m)

On the history of the State Orphanages: <br /> Duke Eberhard Ludwig ordered the construction of the Work, Breeding and Orphanage Stuttgart with a rescript of 8 Feb 1710 and donated the square already built with the foundation walls to form a guard barracks (at today's Charlottenplatz) for this purpose. the suggestion for the foundation came from the synodus of the Württemberg Higher Church Authority, whose leading member was the Prelate and Consistorial Director Johann Osiander. The orphanages built in northern and central Germany under the influence of Pietism served as models, in particular the famous foundation of August Hermann Franke in Halle (1698), who himself stayed in Stuttgart in 1717. The Stuttgarter Anstalt was built with contributions from the landscape, the church estate, the official bodies and collections. From the very beginning, the function of an orphanage for "poor fatherless and motherless orphans" was in the foreground. The care extended not only to food, education and schooling in the house, but also to the further progress after her dismissal (confirmation) by accommodation with craftsmen or as servants. The penitentiary and work house connected with the orphanage, whereby the penitentiary was not yet a penal institution, had to take in poor people in need as well as vagantes, drinkers, prostitutes, etc. through no fault of its own. The number of the introduced breeding animals was always small, around 1750 it amounted to about 6-8 persons. They were employed in the domestic industry and in household chores. At the end of 1829 the "penitentiary" at the orphanage was abolished, the management of the house and the supervision of the inmates was the responsibility of the orphanage keeper until 1810 (together with the orphanage priest), then of the chief supervisor and from 1824 of the chief inspector (at the same time the house clergyman), the second civil servant was the economic administrator. Other personnel (1837) included: 1 schoolmaster (senior teacher), 3 subteachers, 1 industrial teacher, 2 supervisors from the teaching profession, 1 general practitioner, 1 wound doctor, 1 nurse, 1 house-servant, 1 teacher, 1 nurse and 2 maidservants. The orphanage, which was in crisis at the end of the 18th century and threatened with dissolution, owed its existence to the orphanage clergyman Viktor Heinrich Riecke (1803-1811). In connection with Pestalozzi he introduced his pedagogy at the orphanage school and fundamentally renewed the operation of the institution. With the Palm'sche Foundation he secured the funds for these reforms. The school teachers' seminar begun in 1803 at the orphanage with internal and external pupils was the first in Württemberg; discontinued in 1810, it was rebuilt in 1812 and continued in an expanded form from 1840-1857. However, gifted pupils were still given the opportunity to prepare for the teaching profession at the small Präparandenanstalt (5th grade with 8 pupils) which existed at the orphanage until 1879. It was also Riecke who, after unexpected new arrivals - 37 separatist children, 60 orphans from the abandoned Ulm orphanage and 10 children of fire victims in Tuttlingen - placed orphans on a larger scale in land care (food children) for the first time. The Music Institute (1811-1818), set up by King Friedrich at the expense of his private box and the theatre box office at the orphanage and placed under the supervision of the General Superintendent, existed for only 7 years. The orphanage Markgröningen, founded in spring 1873 and connected with a teacher seminar, was after the abolition of the denominational parity at the orphanages Stuttgart and Ochsenhausen intended for the admission of the Protestant girls of the country. The opening of the double institution with 60-80 orphan girls and 60 seminarists took place on 20 May 1873. From then on the orphanage in Stuttgart only had to accept Protestant boys and the orphanage in Ochsenhausen only Catholic boys and girls. The two orphanages in Stuttgart and Markgröningen have always been in close contact, among other things through the joint publication of the annual report. The Markgröningen orphanage was closed in 1917 to expand the teachers' seminar, the pupils were transferred back to the orphanage in Stuttgart, some of them were given land care, and after the relocation and new building plans that had been in progress since the 1850s and the resulting unsustainable structural conditions of the Stuttgart orphanage, in November 1923 the pupils moved to Ellwangen/Jagst in the building of the former NCO school (renamed Evang. Landeswaisenhaus). Instead of the Stuttgart mass business, it was possible to introduce childcare in family-like groups (group system according to Wichern). As soon as the reorganisation of the groups and the new furnishing of the house were completed, an SS barracks had to be replaced in 1933, and the orphanage found new accommodation in the former teachers' seminar in Schwäbisch Gmünd. After the decree of 20 October 1937, the orphanage was converted into a simultaneous institution in accordance with the primary schools, which had been divided into confessional sections since 1936. The Board of Directors and Spiritual Councillor Albert Leube (1929-1939), on the other hand, took legal custody and retired at his own request on October 1, 1938. Due to the declining trend in the occupancy of the two state orphanages, the Ochsenhausen orphanage was dissolved in 1940 and the remaining 45 Catholic children were taken over by Schwäbisch Gmünd. When the teachers' seminar in Schwäbisch Gmünd revived after the Second World War, the state made the building of the former Jewish orphanage Wilhelmspflege in Esslingen available to the orphanage at the instigation of the energetic director Wilhelm Schmid (1948-1964). The building was purchased and moved into between 1953-1957 after conversions and new buildings. The orphanage became the home for orphans with the new name Staatliches Waisenheim, 1983 in memory of the last director of the Israelite orphanage Theodor-Rothschild, who died in 1944 in a concentration camp, expanded into Staatliches Waisenheim - Theodor-Rothschild-Haus. With an agreement dated July 10, 1991 between the State of Baden-Württemberg (Ministry for Culture and Sport) and the Protestant children's and school home Wilhelmspflege Stuttgart-Plieningen, the sponsorship of the former State Orphanage Esslingen - Theodor-Rothschild-Haus was extended from July 1, 1991. The foundation of an orphanage in Ludwigsburg was already planned by Duke Eberhard Ludwig, the founder of the Stuttgart orphanage (1710), after the relocation of the Stuttgart residence to Ludwigsburg. It was founded by Duke Carl Alexander on 29 May 1736 because of the overcrowding of the Stuttgart institution, at the same time as the breeding and working house. On 9 March 1737 it was granted privileges. In 1746 the Tollhaus was added as a further institution for the accommodation of the mentally ill. Whereas in 1736 there were 69 poor people - mainly orphans - and 38 convicts and convicts, in 1790 the number of prisoners admitted to the prison was 148 convicts (61 men and 87 women), 25 poor and old in the workhouse, 40 mentally ill and about 120 children (2/3 boys and 1/3 girls) in the orphanage. Since 1811, talented pupils from the orphanages in Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg have been trained as painters and modelers at the artists' institute of the porcelain factory. The most important personality of the Ludwigsburg orphanage was the orphanage teacher and pietist Israel Hartmann (1755-1806), whose estate is kept in the State Archives of Ludwigsburg (PL 701). he General Decree of 21 Feb. 1810 concerning the new establishment of orphanages, breeding centres and insane asylum institutions in the Kingdom and the rules for the two orphanages in Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg of 1 July 1811 abolished the coupling of orphanages with other institutions (breeding, work and insane asylum) and reorganised them fundamentally. The orphanage Ludwigsburg was from then on an independent institution (for 1810 first annual report). 1825 the orphanage Ludwigsburg was moved to Weingarten to the buildings of the former Benedictine monastery for the extension of the prison to 1825. Since, according to the 1811 order, the two orphanages were also to accommodate Catholic children from the new parts of the country, it was logical to place mainly Catholic children in Weingarten and Protestant children in Stuttgart as before. Since autumn 1826, the Weingarten orphanage, also known as the orphanage or main institute, had been affiliated with a rescue centre, also known as the vagabond's children's education centre, which served to take in neglected children and the normal number of which was set at 60. She was absorbed into the main institution in 1911. As in Stuttgart, the orphanage Weingarten was a teacher training institute, after its dissolution in 1856 a Präparandenanstalt with four talented catholic pupils for the preparation for the teacher seminars in Schwäbisch Gmünd and Saulgau was attached to the orphanage Weingarten. in October 1868 the orphanage with the Vaganteninstitut and the Präparandenanstalt was resettled from Weingarten to Ochsenhausen in the monastery buildings partly occupied by the Ackerbauschule. The still existing denominational parity was eliminated in 1873: the Catholic pupils remained in Ochsenhausen, the Protestant pupils first came to Landpflege, later to Stuttgart. In connection with this, the normal number for the state orphanages, which increased constantly in the following period, was redefined: with a total number of 556 orphans, Stuttgart accounted for 287 Protestant boys, Markgröningen for 121 Protestant girls, and Ochsenhausen for 148 Catholic boys and girls, plus 42 in the rescue centre. The first in the ranks of the Catholic board of directors was the head inspector Dr. Anton v. Weber (1844-1888), who worked for more than 40 years at the orphanage Weingarten-Ochsenhausen. The institution last renamed Landeswaisenhaus Ochsenhausen was abolished in 1940 and united with the Landeswaisenhaus in Schwäbisch Gmünd (see above).<br /> <br /> The supervisory authorities: <br /> only orphanage Stuttgart:1710Ducal Council of Commerce1716Consistory (concerning pastoral care) and Church Council (concerning economy)only orphanage Ludwigsburg:1734-1806Breeding and labour, also Tollhausdeputation for the breeding, labour, orphanage and Tollhaus from 1810for both state orphanages common supervisory authorities:1810Upper government (concerning internal order and police), Oberlandesökonomiekollegium (concerning economics), Upper House of the Economy (concerning the economy), Upper House of the Economy (concerning the economy), Upper House of the Economy (concerning the economy), Upper House of the Economy (concerning the economy), Upper House of the Economy (concerning the economy). Finances) and Oberkonsistorium (concerning Church and School Affairs)1811Orphanage Visitation Commission (under the Ministry of the Interior)1818Stadtdirektion Stuttgart1822Kreisregierung Ludwigsburg1826Kommission für die Erziehungshäuser (expert supervision in confessional-parity occupation under the Ministry of Church and School Affairs)1911State school authorities: Evang. and Kath. Oberschulrat, from 1934: Ministerialabteilung für die Volksschulen, from 1945 Kult- bzw. Kultusministerium<br /> <br /> The orphanage boards: <br /> Boards of the orphanages Stuttgart (1710-1923) - Ellwangen (1923-1934) - Schwäbisch Gmünd (1934-1953/57) - Esslingen (1953/57-1991):Waisenpfleger1710 - 1729Johann Georg Haupt, Kammerrat1730 - 1737Jak. Friedr. Hallwachs, Konsistorialrat1737 - 1753Georg Daniel Fischer, Kammerrat1753 - 1761Elias Benjamin Tritschler, Kammerrat1761 - 1782Christian Jakob Ehrhardt, Kirchenexp.-Rat1782 - 1807Ehrhardt Friedrich Vellnagel, Hof rat1806 - 1826Johann Ludwig Schultheiß, HofratWaisenpfarrer (together with the orphans):1716 - 1726Andreas Hartmann, orphan priest1730 - 1735Jakob Friedrich Varenbühler, orphan priest1735 - 1744Johann Karl Holder, orphan priest1744 - 1758Jakob Georg Thill, orphan priest1758 - 1762Georg Leonhardt Seitz, orphan priest1762 - 1767Jakob Friedrich Groß, Orphan priest1767 - 1778Jakob Friedrich Dettinger, orphan priest1779 - 1799Karl August Göritz, orphan priest1803 - 1811Viktor Heinrich Riecke, orphan priest1811 - 1826Christoph Zoller, orphan priest1811 - 1825Captain v. Bär, Chief InspectorSuperior Inspectors (at the same time Chaplains) and Directors1826 - 1847Christoph Zoller, Chief Inspector1847 - 1859Wilhelm Christoph Schott, Chief Inspector1859 - 1864Wilhelm Ferdinand Leube, Chief Inspector1864 - 1882Gustav Ad. Ludw. Hoffmann, Chief Inspector1882 - 1904Heinr. Aug. Friedr. Pfäfflin, Chief Inspector1904 - 1921Christ. Eduard Lempp, School Council, Chief Inspector1922 - 1928Paul Remppis, School Council, Chief Inspector1929 - 1938Albert Leube, School Council, Chief Inspector1939 - 1945August Schweikert, School Council, Director1945 - 1948Eugen Walter, Director,1948 - 1964Wilhelm Schmid, Director1964 - 1980Walter Scheuber, Director1980 - 1991Hans-Dieter Güntner, Director of the Orphanage Markgröningen (1873-1917):1873 - 1899Christian Zeller, Rector1899 - 1904Schüz, Rector1904 - 1911Dr. Paret, Rector1911 - 1917Reinhold Schmid, Director of the Orphanages Ludwigsburg (1736-1825), Weingarten (1825-1868) and Ochsenhausen (1868-1940):1736 - 1810Nurses of the Zucht-, Arbeits-, Waisen- und Toll hauses: Christ, Gottlieb Roth, Kamerrat, Jakob Heinrich Wider, Kammerrat, Eberhard Heinrich Georgii, Kammerrat, Johann Christ. Rümelin and J.C. Reinhardt, orphanage care administrator.1810 - 1813Joh. Gottlieb Roller, male nurse1813 - 1825Hauptmann v. Ziegesar, chamberlain, chief inspector1825 - 1832Christian Heinrich Fritz, chief inspector1832 - 1839Gustav Adolf Riecke, chief inspector1839 - 1847Wilhelm Schott, chief inspector1847 - 1888Dr. Anton v. Weber, Oberinspektor1888 - 1912Adolf Pfister, Oberschulrat/ Oberinspektor1912 - 1924Anton Schips, Oberinspektor1924 - 1934Adolf Fischer, Schulrat, Oberinspektor1934 - 1936Anton Schips (provisional)1936 - 1940Sieber, Schulrat<br /> <br /> On the order and distortion of the inventory: <br /> The holdings of F 420 State Orphanages came in two large deliveries in February 1934 from the State Orphanage Ellwangen and from December 1993 to April 1994 from the State Orphanage Esslingen at the State Branch Archives and the State Orphanage Ellwangen respectively. The first delivery of 1934 was the old registration in the "Archive" of the Ellwanger Orphanage with files and office books of the Stuttgart Orphanage in the range of 18 metres, which had been roughly sorted, bundled and listed by subject area by a temporary employee in the previous year. The 7-page summary stock list, which was handed over along with the documents, served the State Archives as a preliminary finding aid until now: during the reorganization and recording of this delivery carried out by the undersigned in the years 1991 to 1993, the up to 40 cm thick bundles were dissolved, the mostly confused files were partly re-sorted sheet by sheet and intact units found were removed. These originated, on the one hand, from a little extensive registration layer laid out in the 2nd half of the 18th century and continued until about 1826 without a surviving file plan, on the other hand, from the registration newly laid out by Chief Inspector Zoller in 1847 including the old files. For this purpose, Zoller drew up a register divided into main and sub-sections with technical details (see F 420 I Büschel 652). Chief Inspector Lempp, in his 1910 story of the orphanage in Stuttgart, reports on "...much dusty file fascicles in our archive, which of course is in a sad state". The move to Ellwangen in 1923, with some files not tied up, finally brought further disorder to the collection. the administrative files of the orphanage in Stuttgart included the groups of files on the teacher training institute co-administered by the orphanage, the music institute and the Bühlhof agricultural school as well as the Markgröningen girl's orphanage, which was transferred to the orphanage in Stuttgart in 1917 and continued as a girls' department.In the re-drawing of the aforementioned holdings, research into the whereabouts of the documents of the successor institutes of the Stuttgart orphanage led to success in the Esslingen orphanage as the last link in the series of state orphanages. There, extensive documents were found in office cupboards and in moving boxes, as well as a collection of books and printed matter compiled from an older collection of books, which was handed over to the Ludwigsburg State Archives from December 1993 to April 1994.To the first main group of the orphanages Stuttgart, Ellwangen, Schwäbisch Gmünd and Esslingen (part of inventory I in F 420 I) there were essentially files of the orphanage Stuttgart continued until the 1930s, mostly of the orphanage economics administration, then a filing layer according to a file plan from 1937 until the 1950s in hanging bag filing and up to the service resignation of the director W. Schmid i.J. 1964, sporadically also up to the change in the sponsorship i.J. 1991 deposited in the orphanage in the orphanage Stuttgart. The children's personnel files, sorted by personnel number, accounted for about two thirds of the inventory. During the indexing process, the files, most of which were kept at one or more provenance sites, were merged with the already ordered delivery of the year 1934 and a structure adapted to the administrative tasks was created, taking into account older file plans. For the group of orphanages Ludwigsburg, Weingarten and Ochsenhausen (partial holdings II in F 420), only remainders of the original records were preserved in each case. The administrative and children's personal files still required by the State Orphanage in Esslingen until the transfer to the sponsorship of Wilhelmspflege Stuttgart-Plieningen on 1 August 1991 in the current registry are to be taken over by the State Archives in Ludwigsburg at a later point in time. As an external provenance, 0.1 linear metres of school files were excavated about the Israelite Wilhelmspflege and classified in stock F 354 Evang. district school office Esslingen. the book stock taken over from the orphanage Esslingen in the scope of about 6 shelf meters was placed in the service library of the state archives. The majority of the books come from the Stuttgart orphanage from the 19th century, including fundamental works on the history of the state and Stuttgart, the history of the church and the Reformation, pedagogy and school education. A volume of the library, stamped and signed "Waisenhaus Stuttgart - Bibliothek (Nr.)1797" around 1922, illustrates the once significant size of the library. The orphanages outside Württemberg are documented with writings about the Hallische Orisenhaus and its founder August Hermann Francke, the Potsdamsche Große Waisenhaus in Berlin, the Bunzlauer Waisenhaus and the Stadtwaisenhaus zu Dresden. From the book collections of the orphanages Ludwigsburg, Weingarten and Ochsenhausen only one copy, the Holy Script in the translation by Allioli from 1851 with the ownership note "K. Waisenhaus Weingarten - Bibliothek (Nr.)681", is handed down, probably because of its artistic equipment. The book stock of the last Ludwigsburg orphan priest is documented by an inventory (see F 420 I Büschel 1698). the order and indexing of the entire stock was carried out by the undersigned from 1991 - 1996, the editing of the finding aid book was completed in 1997. Ludwigsburg, October 1997Hofer<br /> <br /> Literature: <br /> Belschner, C: Ludwigsburg im Wechsel der Zeiten, Ludwigsburg 1936 (Zucht- und Arbeitshaus p. 113-117).Lempp, Eduard: Geschichte des Stuttgarter Waisenhaus 1710-1910, Stuttgart 1910.News (annual reports) of the orphanages Stuttgart, Markgröningen, Ellwangen and Schwäbisch Gmünd from 1714-1936/37, with gaps (F 420 I Büschel 87-131) as well as the orphanages Ludwigsburg, Weingarten and Ochsenhausen from 1810-1922/26 (F 420 I Büschel 1478-1501).Sauer, Paul: Geschichte der Stadt Stuttgart, Volume 3, Stuttgart 1994 (Orphanage Stuttgart pp. 317-324)Schmid, Wilhelm: Festschrift zum Jubiläum des 250jährigen Jahre der württembergischen Waisenpflege 1710-1960, Esslingen a.N. 1960.Weller, Arnold: Sozialgeschichte Südwesttschlands unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der sozialen und karitativen Arbeit vom späten Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart, Stuttgart 1979 (Orisenhäuser pp. 81-85).<br />

educational institutions

Es gelten die "Nutzungsbedingungen des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg

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Original description: Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek

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