1st administrative history/biography: Carl Bach was born on 08.03.1847 in Stollberg in the Erzgebirge mountains as the son of the saddler master and carriage builder Heinrich Julius Bach. After attending primary school and private school in Stollberg, he completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith. In the years 1863 and 1864 he worked in the steam engine construction of the company R. Hartmann in Chemnitz. During this time he learned English in addition to his work. Then he was first a pupil of the Gewerbschule, later of the Werkmeisterschule, where he graduated at Easter 1866 with the overall grade 1 and the silver medal, which was only awarded in one copy. This year he took part in planning work for the Chemnitz water pipeline under the direction of Prof. Kankelwitz. After the following studies at the Polytechnikum Dresden he followed Prof. Kankelwitz as assistant for the years 1868 to 1872 to Stuttgart. After this time Bach studied again, this time with Grashof at the TH Karlsruhe, where he earned his diploma in 1873. In the following five years he worked as an engineer in Wollwich, London and Vienna, finally becoming director of Lausitzer Maschinenfabrik AG in Bautzen. He was elected to the Zittau Chamber of Commerce in 1877 and married in the same year. On 01 October 1878, Bach was appointed full professor of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart, where he established the Materials Testing Institute in 1884 and the Engineering Laboratory eleven years later. From 1885 to 1888 he was rector of the TH Stuttgart. One year later, on 20 June 1889, Bach was awarded the silver commemorative medal by the King of Württemberg on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the government. In February 1892 he received the Knight's Cross and on 25 November 1895 the Honorary Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, connected with the nobility of persons. He was also awarded the title of "Construction Director". Already in 1883 Carl Bach was appointed to the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, in 1895 to the Technical University in Berlin and in 1902 unofficially to the Technical University in Vienna. However, he did not follow any of these calls. On 22 March 1911 he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the 2nd Class of the Albrecht Order by King Friedrich August of Saxony, in 1914 the title "Staatsrat", in February 1916 he was awarded the Wilhelmskreuz by the King of Württemberg, in February 1918 the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown. Also this year Bach was the first technician in Württemberg to receive the title "Excellence". From 1912 to 1918 Carl von Bach was a member of the 1st Chamber of the Württemberg State Parliament for the TH Stuttgart. On his 70th birthday, 1917, he became an honorary citizen of his hometown Stollberg and on his 80th birthday an honorary citizen of Stuttgart. In 1920 the senate of the TH Stuttgart had him paint for the senate hall. Two years later Bach was emeritus. In 1926 Bach was painted again, this time for the conference hall of the VDI in Berlin. Carl von Bach died in Stuttgart on 10 October 1931. He holds honorary doctorates from the TH Berlin (1903), the University of Tübingen (1927), the TH Vienna (1927), and the TH Stuttgart (1927). In close cooperation and lively exchange of ideas with renowned entrepreneurs and inventors such as Robert Bosch, Paul Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin and many others, Bach succeeded in bridging the gap in mechanical engineering between practitioners such as Redtenbacher (Karlsruhe) and theorists such as Reuleaux (Berlin) by purposefully combining theory and practice through experimental research in mechanical engineering and civil engineering. In order to secure the scientific basis, Bach successfully established two research institutes, the Materials Testing Institute 1884, of which he was director until 1922, and the Engineering Laboratory 1895. On his initiative, the first chair for aeronautics and automotive engineering was established in Germany in 1925, together with the associated laboratory. Based on his work, Bach is regarded as the founder of static elasticity and strength theory. Both from his own experience and from his work in business circles and technical associations, Bach was aware that the rapid development of German industry required a fundamental reform of engineering education. He demanded a "workshop practice" of at least one year. Bach considered solid practical experience supplemented by thorough, comprehensive training in natural science and technical subjects, but also the teaching of humanities disciplines, the "humanisation of technical universities", to be absolutely essential for the engineer of the future. His educational policy intentions, which he realized in his more than 40 years of work at the Technical University of Stuttgart, he achieved above all through the Association of German Engineers. The appreciation of Bach as a teacher and scholar is expressed not only by his appointments to other universities, but also by the orders and honours of crowned heads and associations of a technical, scientific and socio-political nature, as well as the magnificent letter of thanks from the students of the TH Stuttgart. 2nd inventory description: Carl von Bach (1847-1931) was one of the most important German technical scientists of his time. In the field of mechanical engineering and material testing he did pioneering work, which is the basis for today's problems and solutions. The estate of Carl von Bach comprises a total of about 40 running metres. Archive material. However, this material does not only contain the scientific legacy of Bach, but much more: in addition to the scientific works - almost all manuscripts of his major works are available in various editions - an extensive part of his private legacy is also preserved. In addition, the University Archives also contain the estate of his son Julius Bach. He was bequeathed in his will the entire legacy of his father's writings, which he finally bequeathed to the then Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt alongside his own. Particularly valuable in the estate of Carl von Bach, if one can even pick out a subgroup, is the traditional business correspondence. On approx. 50,000 sheets, both the correspondence received and the correspondence sent out over the period from 1876 to 1931 are almost completely handed down. Because of Bach's focus on work and research, the theory of strength and elasticity, of which he was a co-founder, he came into contact with various representatives from science and industry. Moreover, Bach was a very socially committed person, which is also reflected in this correspondence. However, the preservation of the tradition is endangered. In particular, the copial books with the outgoing correspondence will only be released for use in exceptional cases. The degree of preservation of the writing material is particularly problematic here. As a rule, the deceased did not use commercially available ink, but mixed it himself in varying compositions, some of which faded very strongly. In addition, the transparent paper of the books is only of little stability. For this reason, the business correspondence in the Bach estate was completely filmed and digitized. Selected documents are recorded on colour film and are available as negatives and positives. The Subdivision of the Estate Carl von Bach's estate is divided into six sections in its provisionally final stage of indexing: I. Biographical material This group includes personal documents, testimonies of his educational and professional career, documents about his military service, honours, vocations, anniversaries and autobiographical records. II. private correspondence This is arranged chronologically according to the members of the family and within them. Of these, the correspondence with his son Julius is the most extensive and certainly also the most interesting, since it contains the discussions of various technical problems that were conducted between the two scientists. III. business correspondence This cannot claim to be complete, but the extent of the overdelivery is impressive. Particularly remarkable is the tradition of the outgoing mail, which is recorded in a total of 35 copial books on approx. 35000 sheets. They cover the period from 1876 to 1903 and from 1909 to his death in 1931. Within these copies the letters are arranged chronologically and for almost each of these books there is a register of names of the addressees, which has been made by the deceased. However, the Kopialbücher also contain copies of incoming letters and various concepts, orders, etc., which Bach probably regarded as particularly important. Also the mail archived in this group is quite remarkable with 18 000 sheets. In total, there are about 2500 correspondents in the group of business correspondence. With regard to the two sections on private and business correspondence, it should be noted that correspondence can also be found outside these sections, in the fact files. IV. Business papers Here you will find the manuscripts of his countless publications, statements and expert opinions on the fields of science covered by Bach, as well as extensive material collections on these questions. His work on material testing, the durability of steam boilers and riveted joints, etc. can be particularly well understood here. Bach himself created firm portfolios in which he collected all possible processes into one subject and then labeled them accordingly. This state of order and distortion was largely adopted during the earlier processing of the estate, without verifying the content in detail. This situation was resolved in 2007. The order by subject has been maintained, but the folders have been repackaged and the file titles have been supplemented with extensive "Contains" notes to facilitate access to this material. In addition, papers from the estate of Julius Bach were added to this section, but these clearly have their origin in Carl Bach. V. Material Collections Various types of material have been summarized here. This concerns e.g. his membership cards, orders, promotional gifts, material samples or also different photos. Sections 4 and 5 have not been rearranged, but have been taken over from the original legator. VI. Non-provenance material Here is the material about the legator that was later added to the estate, such as obituaries or copies of and about Bach from other archives. In the revision of the estate, further material on Carl Bach was added. Of particular note here are the numerous photos of the Carl Bach family, which were made available in digital form for the collection. The inventory signature is the number 302, followed by an indication in Roman numerals and the individually numbered file units (in Arabic numerals). The Roman numerals indicate the six different groups. Example: 302 / III / 0123 Carl von Bach estate estate / business correspondence / foreign correspondence America: Argentina, Chile, Canada, USA Inventory processing The Carl von Bach estate has not yet been finally catalogued. At the beginning of the processing in the 80s a file was created, which was the basis for the input into the database at the end of the 90s. The data was transferred unchanged. A new classification was developed for the estate, according to which the entered units of registration are arranged. New file titles have been created in the Biographical Material, Private and Business Correspondence sections. In 2007, sections IV to VI were finally developed in greater depth. Although most of the titles of the files in the business papers and material collections were originally taken over by the testator, they were supplemented with extensive remarks. The present finding aid book thus represents the most recent state of processing for the time being. Digitisation The correspondence in the estate has been completely filmed and digitised from the film. Due to the state of preservation, the originals are no longer released for use. A high quality silver halide film has been used to secure the existence of the company. As a rule, this part of the estate is used via the electronic data on the PC. The designation of the CD-ROM corresponds to that of the file unit. During scanning, the individual sheets were numbered consecutively. The first part of the file name, however, reflects the file unit. However, the file numbers do not match the page number. 3. state of indexing/scope: indexed; find book, database, digitised material; scope: 40.75 running metres.

Universitätsarchiv Stuttgart Findbuch zum Bestand 33 Forschungs- und Materialprüfungsanstalt für das Bauwesen (FMPA) - Otto-Graf-Institut Edited by Dr. Volker Ziegler With the cooperation of Hanna Reiss, Tamara Zukakishvili, Stephanie Hengel, Maria Stemper, Simone Wittmann, Anna Bittigkoffer, Norbert Becker Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Stuttgart 2012 Table of contents 1st foreword 2. 2.1 The founding of the Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart 2.2 Carl Bach and Emil Mörsch 2.3 The beginnings of Otto Graf in the Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart 2.4 Otto Graf, Richard Baumann and the successor of Carl Bach 2.5 The formation of the Department of Civil Engineering and the Institute for Building Materials Research and Testing in Civil Engineering 2.6 Otto Graf after the Second World War 2.7 Otto Graf's Services 2.8 Relocation of the FMPA to Vaihingen 2.9 Restructuring within the FMPA 2.10 Re-sorting the FMPA to the Ministry of Economics of Baden-Württemberg 2.11 Reintegration of the FMPA into the University of Stuttgart and Reunification with the MPA 3. 3.1 Inventory History 3.2 Filing and Registration 3.3 Distribution density 3.4 Focus on content 4 Literature 5. Reference to further archive holdings 6. User notes 1. Foreword In 1999 and 2000, the University Archive Stuttgart took over a large number of old files from the central institute building of the then Research and Material Testing Institute Baden-Württemberg (FMPA) - Otto-Graf-Institut, a total of 263.7 shelf metres. This extensive collection, together with a few smaller, later additions, forms the holdings 33, which the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) funded from June 2008 to March 2012 as part of the Scientific Library Services and Information Systems (LIS) funding programme. The focus of the cataloguing lies on the research organization and on the networks in NS large-scale projects and in construction projects of the early Federal Republic of Germany, which also corresponds to the density of the inventory handed down between 1933 and 1958. The Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart officially commenced its activities on 25 February 1884. It was an institution of the Technical University of Stuttgart. From the beginning, both areas were covered: material testing for mechanical and plant engineering as well as the testing of building materials and construction methods. When in 1927 the institutional separation of the two areas of work was initiated, the registries of the Material Testing Institute/MPA (Mechanical Engineering) and the Material Testing Institute for Construction were also separated. When the latter moved from Stuttgart-Berg to the new buildings in Stuttgart-Vaihingen at the end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s, the files were taken along for building material testing, but also the series of joint outgoing mail books from 1883. They are therefore also part of the archive holdings 33. Following the retirement of non-archival-worthy files, the archive holdings currently comprise 3,484 archive units from the period from 1883 to 1996 as well as 777 personnel files of FMPA employees up to 1986. A finding aid book is also available online for the personnel files of employees born up to 1912. A whole series of employees of the Stuttgart University Archive were involved in the implementation of the project. The project staff members Hanna Reiss, Tamara Zukakishvili and Stephanie Hengel must first be named here. Hanna Reiss recorded the personnel files and the important clients, in addition she supported the scientific coworker with evaluation questions. Tamara Zukakishvili recorded the daily copies of the departments of the Otto-Graf-Institut. Stephanie Hengel, together with the undersigned, carried out the evaluation of the partial stock of publications and recorded and systematised, among other things, the extensive partial stock of the Länder Expert Committee for New Building Materials and Types of Construction. Maria Stemper registered the outgoing mail correspondence, Simone Wittmann, Anna Bittigkoffer and Norbert Becker a part of the test files of the departments concrete, stones and binders, earth and foundation engineering and building physics. Norbert Becker, Anna Bittigkoffer and Stephanie Hengel carried out the inspection and evaluation of the large-format documents and plans as well as the extensive collection of photographs and photonegatives. Rolf Peter Menger took over important de-icing and packaging work and Norbert Becker, head of the University Archive in Stuttgart, provided advice and support on all important issues. Once again we would like to thank all those involved in the implementation of the project. Stuttgart, 12.03.2012 Dr. Volker Ziegler 2nd outline of the history of building material testing at the Technical University/University of Stuttgart 2.1 The foundation of the Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart The present volume 33 contains the files of the working area of building material testing, which was part of the Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart under various names until 1945 and only then became independent, which is why it is necessary to go into the history of the Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart in more detail. The Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart officially commenced its activities on 25 February 1884. Professor Adolf Groß, Professor of Machine Drawing, Machine Science and Design Exercises at the Stuttgart Polytechnic, was the founding director. In September 1883, however, Groß changed from the Polytechnikum Stuttgart to the board of directors of the Württembergische Staatseisenbahnen and was replaced by Carl Bach[1] as the board member of the Materialprüfungsanstalt[2] In the decree of the Department of Churches and Education in the Staatsanzeiger für Württemberg of 21 February 1884, the following is formulated as the area of responsibility of the Materialprüfungsanstalt Stuttgart: 1. The Materialprüfungsanstalt is determined to serve the interests of industry as well as those of teaching. Initially, the equipment was purchased to determine the tensile strength of metal and wooden rods, belts, ropes, cement and cement mortar, the compressive strength of cement, cement mortar and bricks, the bending strength of metal rods and beams, the shear strength of round metal rods. On request, elasticity modulus and proportional limit, if any, can also be determined during tensile tests. It has been decided to extend the institution by the facilities for determining the wear and tear of stones. The fees payable for the use of the establishment shall be sufficient to cover its expenses. Public operation will begin on 25 February this year. This shows that building material tests were planned from the outset and that the institution was to be operated economically. The Royal Württemberg Ministry of Finance provided an amount of 6,000 Marks. Furthermore, 10,000 Marks came from a surplus that had been achieved at the state trade exhibition in Stuttgart at that time. This was what the Württembergische Bezirksverein Deutscher Ingenieure (Württemberg District Association of German Engineers) had advocated following an application by Carl Bach.[3] There was no state funding. Carl Bach therefore had to make do with a room in the main building of the polytechnic, which had to be shared with the electrical engineering department. Apart from Carl Bach, there was only one employee at the beginning. It was not until 1906 that a new building could be moved into in Stuttgart-Berg. The development had been so positive that the state of Württemberg assumed the construction costs and Carl Bach was able to hire additional personnel, including engineers Richard Baumann, Otto Graf and Max Ulrich, who came to the Materials Testing Institute in 1903 and 1904. They were largely paid for out of earned funds. 2.2 Carl Bach and Emil Mörsch Carl Bach's collaboration with Emil Mörsch, a man who laid the scientific foundations for reinforced concrete construction, was of fundamental importance. In 1902 Mörsch published his work Der Eisenbetonbau, seine Anwendung und Theorie. This book was published in a short time and became a standard work. Mörsch, who was still working for Ways at that time.

The collection of the Counts of Pückler-Limpurg is one of the most important aristocratic archives in the region. It belongs to the Pückler-Limpurg Charitable Foundation and is held in trust by the Fürth City Archives. Insight into house and family matters is only possible with the consent of the Foundation. In terms of content, the entire spectrum of the grand administration as well as house and family affairs is covered. The private correspondence contains contacts to the most important noble families of the region, Germany and Europe, e.g. The von Thurn

Inventory description: Dept. 212 Carl J. H. Villinger Collection Scope: 285 archive boxes and 0.5 m oversized formats (= 723 units of description = 32.5 m) Duration: approx. 1833/1900 - 1977 About the author, journalist and local historian Carl J. H. Villinger (09.07.1905 - 27.05.1977) has since 1927 published a large number of journal articles and essays primarily on historical, art and cultural history issues, mainly with reference to Worms and with a focus on Catholicism (church and diocese history, chamberlain of Dalberg). For fourteen years Villinger, who had been a freelancer for the Allgemeine Zeitung (Worms edition) since 1948, belonged to the city council for the CDU. In addition to the above-mentioned topics, he was particularly interested in the work for the Aufbauverein (cf. Dept. 76, some files were incorporated into the Villinger Collection according to their origin), the Altertumsverein (cf. Dept. 75 No. 13), the 1st Wormser Schwimmclub 'Poseidon' (chairman of the association from 1948 to 1968), cf. Dept. 77/8 and the KKV Probitas (Dept. 212 No. 430), where he worked as press officer (Dept. 212 No. 0371). As early as 1968, Villinger had contractually transferred his extensive collections (including the library comprising approx. 10,000 volumes and a collection of graphics) of the city as a 'Villinger donation', of which a considerable part was transferred to the city archives (notarial donation contract Abt. 6-U Nr. 317). The content of the collection The collection, whose temporal focus lies after 1945, is structured as follows: own articles and publications by Villinger (thematically ordered), Das christliche Worms (especially Catholika), Wormser Stadtgeschichte (Wormser Dom, Nibelungen, etc.), Wormser Künstler, Dalberg-Archiv, Heylshof as well as material collection: Biographische Sammlung, Materialammlung Wormatiensia, Grafische Sammlung (16 to 20 Century).), on sports and art, political archives, printed, commemorative and small writings (surrounding areas and Worms, associations and societies), reproductions of Worms concerning manuscripts, files from Abt. 76 (Aufbauverein) included in the estate (mainly city council and committee meetings, construction/reconstruction, newspaper cuttings). Villinger was a passionate collector. Remarkable is his Graphic Collection (see from no. 544) in which numerous copper engravings of various types are to be found. painters and engravers. Lace and textile pictures as well as a collection of ex-libris (bookmarks), which he had bought or donated, enrich the remarkable collection (for ex-libris see essays in no. 579). Worth mentioning is Villinger's activity as the representative of the Kunsthaus Heylshof Foundation. His field of activity was not only the publication of numerous manuscripts/publications (e.g. Führer and Heylshof catalogue, no. 182) on the art treasures of the Heylshof as well as the design of exhibitions (no. 210) and projects (no. 181). According to correspondence between Villinger and Cornelius Heyl, Villinger was granted free access to the holdings of the Heylshof, in addition to the recording of the holdings, restoration of the paintings (no. 0211), public relations work, financing, printing and other tasks at the Heylshof (including a list of the paintings that Baron von Heyl had left to the Heylshof, see no. 178). Through many years of research and the purchase of literature (including 'Der Staatsrath Georg Steitz u.. or Fürstprimas Karl von Dalberg'). A sheet from Frankfurt's history at the beginning of the XIX century with documentary supplements by Georg Eduard Steitz, Frankfurt 1869 (book), s. no. 0404) Villinger was not only able to compile a collection, but also to publish numerous contributions about members of the family Kämmerer von Worms gen. von Dalberg (among others Carl Theodor von Dalberg (no. 397, no. 412), Friedrich Hugo von Dalberg (no. 394-395). Carl Villinger recorded the holdings of the Herrnsheim Dalberg Archive and was active in the city council for the acquisition of the Dalberg Archive and the Herrnsheim Palace Library from the city of Worms (No. 387-388). In his work Villinger liked to work together with the artists of Worms, so he created a biographical collection about the artists of Worms (No. 321-322) as well as a collection about Worms art (e.g. research about the whereabouts of Worms works of art, e.g. Régence-Kanzel des Wormser Karmeliterklosters, see No. 323). Villinger not only published serial articles in the Wormser Zeitung (e.g. 'Wormser Studenten an Universitäten', see no. 283), but also collected newspaper clippings which are indispensable for the history of the city of Worms (see Wormatiensia/Zeitungsausschnitte, no. 275ff.). Brochures (e.g. the Jewish Worms (No. 530), Worms Cathedral (No. 407), newspapers (Wormser Zeitung, No. 232, No. 234), magazines ("Rostra", see No. 165) and publications with and without reference to Worms (the Luther Monument, see No. 528; Alzey, Kriegstagebuch, 1914-1918, see No. 477) can be used for research. Postcards (no. 452), photos (no. 449) and a collection of coins and medals that can be used for exhibition purposes. Worth mentioning is the membership file of the Worms Rowing Club (No. 665). The membership cards contain extensive information on persons and their activities in the rowing club. Villinger himself was not a member of the rowing club. It can be assumed that Villinger came into possession of the membership register in 1947, when the Rudergesellschaft e.V. and the Wormser Ruderverein e.V.1911 merged and the cooperation failed. In the appendix of the finding aid book there is a separate list of sheet music: Dalberg Sheet Music (No. 401), by Rudi Stephan (No. 599), by Friedrich Gernsheim (No. 600), some of them are original sheet music; list of devotional pictures (No. 400 and No. 554) as well as bibliography Carl J. H. Villinger, masch. Findbuch with relatively detailed indexing and a detailed bibliography of Villinger's articles and essays (Aktenordner), compiled by Joachim Schalk, see Schrank Nr. 22. Indexing: Augias file (new indexing 5/2010 to 5/2011, including post-cassation and development of a new classification). After the completion of this work, the stock comprises 723 units, which are stored in 285 archive boxes. The files are in good condition, there are no restrictions on use. Supplementary archive departments in the city archive: -Abt. 6 Municipality of Worms since 1945 -Abt. 76 Aufbauverein Worms e.V. -Abt. 204 Worms Documentation/Collection -Abt. 170/16 Estate of Dr. Friedrich Illert -Abt. 159 Herrnsheimer Dalberg-Archive -Abt. 217 Graphic Collection -Abt. 214 Collection Fritz Reuter -Abt. 77/8 1st Worms Swimming Club 'Poseidon' -Abt. 185 Family and Company Archives Ludwig C. von Heyl BÖNNEN, Gerold 'History of the City of Worms', Stuttgart 2005 REUTER, Fritz 'Collector and Collection Carl J. H. Villinger', in: Der Wormsgau 13, 1979-81, p. 134-136 REUTER, Fritz 'Worms historian, art historian and local historian from the 19th/20th century and their graves', in: Der Wormsgau 19, 2000, p. 97-99 ILLERT, Georg 'Die "Villinger-Schenkung"', in: 'Der Wormsgau 9, 1970-1971 SCHALK, Joachim 'In Memoriam Carl Johann Heinrich Villinger (1905-1977)', reprint from: 'Archiv für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte' 29, 1977 June 2011 Magdalena Kiefel

• Signature of the inventory: A - Description of the holding: Files of the city Hof before introduction of the standard file plan of the KGSt - extent of the existence: approx. 600 shelf meters - finding aids: Find book - description of the existence (substantial contents with indication of the running time): The existence contains the files of the city Hof led since 1837 after the old file plan (order after "subjects"). An exact temporal delimitation to the existence A 1 is not possible, since the unit file plan of the KGSt was introduced by individual offices at different times, some offices did not introduce the unit file plan of the KGST yet and into the unit file plan also older files were transferred. - Information on the history of the holdings (with references to literature): In the past, the old files were not recorded in the Hof City Archives. Only the lists of the former "Reposed Registry" were used as finding aids. These are sorted by "subjects", within the subjects by Numerus currens (consecutive number). They are incomplete because files added later have not been fully recorded. In addition, only the titles of the files that were printed on the covers were written off, some of them incorrectly read. Contains notes completely missing. The runtime specifications are often incorrect. The list according to subjects and within the subjects according to the serial numbers has the disadvantage that empty space must be left between the subjects. In order to remedy this situation, the files have been listed since 1994 according to archival aspects. Newly found files are incorporated, superfluous files are collected (thrown away). The structure according to subjects is carefully adapted to the actually existing files and the current usage of language. The signatures are assigned according to Numerus currens without taking the compartments into account in order to avoid empty space on the shelves. This distortion, however, will take several years. For the time being, therefore, the old hand-written and typewritten directories of the "Reposed Registry" are to be used in addition to this find book for the subjects 101 to 356. - legal circumstances (loan contract, blocking periods): property of the Hof Municipal Archives. Blocking periods according to the statutes of the city archive Hof. The following files with the beginning of the term before 1810 were filmed (in each case the diazo film = user film is indicated): - A 29, 120, 185, 186, 213, 215 - 217: MIK 1851, - A 218, 219, 221, 223, 283, 297, 439, 448, 450, 508, 511: MIK 1852. - A 672, 786-788, 980, 1082-1084, 1091, 1168, 1173, 1185-1187, 1189, 1197-1200, 1202, 1203, 1254 (beginning): MIK 2734 - A 1254 (end), 1255, 1256, 1294, 1295, 1377, 1489, 1491, 1493-1495, 1498-1512, 1515, 1518 (beginning): MIK 2736 - A 1518 (end), 1519-1522, 1527-1530, 1532-1544, 1546, 1548, 1551, 1555-1559, 1560 (beginning): MIK 2738 - A 1560 (end), 1561-1566, 1568-1591, 1594 (beginning): MIK 2740 - A 1594 (end), 1595-1598, 1600, 1601, 1603-1605, 1608-1612, 1614-1617, 1619, 1622, 1623, 1626, 1627, 1629-1631: MIK 2742 - A 1634, 1635, 1637, 1639, 1641-1646, 1650, 1653, 1654, 1657, 1665-1668, 1671, 1673, 1674, 1676, 1677, 1680-1683, 1688, 1689, 1691-1696, 1698, 1699: MIK 2744 - A 1701, 1704, 1708, 1712, 1716, 1718-1720, 1725-1727, 1729-1736, 1737 (beginning): MIK 2746 - A 1737 (end), 1740-1745, 1747-1749, 1751-1756, 1760-1763, 1765-1767: MIK 2748 - A 1768, 1770-1774, 1776-1778, 1780, 1782-1787, 1790-1791, 1792 (beginning): MIK 2750 - A 1792 (end), 1793, 1794, 1796-1804, 1805 (beginning): MIK 2752 - A 1805 (end), 1806-1808, 1810-1814, 1816 (beginning): MIK 2754 - A 1816 (end), 1817, 1819-1821, 1823-1827, 1829, 1833-1835, 1840, 1846, 1849-1850, 1851 (beginning): MIK 2756 - A 1851 (end), 1852-1857, 1859, 1860, 1863-1874, 1878: MIK 2760 - A 1880, 1881, 1883-1885, 1887-1889, 1893, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1899, 1904-1907, 1909, 1911, 1913-1917, 1921-1926, 1929-1930, 1931 (beginning): MIK 2762 - A 1931 (end), 1932, 1937, 1938, 1940-1944, 1946, 1948-1950, 1953, 1954, 1956-1958, 1959 (beginning): MIK 2758 - A 1959 (end), 1963, 1964, 1967-1969, 1971-1976, 1978, 1993, 1995, 1997-2003, 2004 (beginning): MIK 2764 - A 2004 (beginning), 2005-2008, 2010-2012, 2014-2024, 2027, 2028 (beginning): MIK 2766 - A 2028 (end), 2029, 2033-2036, 2042-2135, 2137, 2138, 2140-2146, 2149-2151, 2152 (beginning): MIK 2768 - A 2152 (end), 2153-2155, 2158, 2164-2174, 2179-2188, 2191-2195, 2200 (beginning): MIK 2770 - A 2200 (end), 2201-2213, 2216-2225, 2226 (beginning): MIK 2772 - A 2226 (end), 2227-2229, 2232, 2238-2240, 2242-2262: MIK 2774 - A 2264-2272, 2274-2276, 2292-2295, 2299-2307, 2315-2317, 2319 (beginning): MIK 2776 - A 2319 (end), 2320, 2321, 2325, 2328-2333, 2335, 2338, 2340, 2345, 2346, 2350-2356, 2357 (beginning): MIK 2778 - A 2357 (end), 2358-2363, 2366-2379, 2380 (beginning): MIK 2780 - A 2380 (end), 2381-2397, 2401, 2406, 2409, 2420, 2423, 2425, 2430, 2431, 2435, 2436, 2440, 2441, 2447, 2448, 2451, 2452: MIK 2782 These files may only be submitted in their original form with the express permission of the Head of Office; normally the microfilms are to be used. - Processor of the inventory (with indication of the processing period): Changing processors (since 1994), 2013 Conversion to MidosaXML. Index of the "subjects" of the files in stock A (Revised Registration Plan ) A Staatsrecht Innere Angelegenheiten 1 Reichs- und Landesverfassung, Nationalsozialistische Organisationen 2 Staatshaupt, dynastic and political festivals, deaths, travel of outstanding persons, addresses 3 Orden, Ehrenzeichen, title 4 Reichs- und Landeswahlen 5 Kreis- und Bezirkstagswahlen, Beziehungen zu Landkreis, Bezirk und Regierungspräsidenten 6 Adel, Courts of jurisprudence and people's courts, courts of lay assessors 7 Taxes (also municipal taxes) and fees 7a Mining 8 National territory, land surveying, town history, descriptions of municipalities Foreign affairs 9 Relations with foreign countries, international treaties, foreigners in Hof 10 German nationality abroad and borderland 11 Immigration and immigration 12 not applicable 13 Correspondence with foreign authorities 14 not applicable B Military objects 15 applicable regulations 16 Military recruitment, Conscription, leave of absence, dismissal 17 not applicable 18 deserters, entry into foreign military service 19 garrisons, fortresses, barracks, shooting ranges 20 Quartier-, Natural- und Kriegsleistungen, manoeuvres, military hospitals, air-raid protection, camps, commemorations 20a Landwehr older order, Landwehrbezirkskommando 21 support of soldiers, war victims and severely disabled C religion and cult 22 generalities, religious societies, Conditions of the Jews 23 Church festivals, holidays, Sunday celebrations, church discipline, church police 24 Religious education 25 Church patronage, personnel matters of the pastors 26 Church servants of the lower echelons 27 Parishes and parishes, emoluments of the clergy, fees for church acts 28 Civil status (also from 1876) 28a 29 Church bells, cemeteries, funeral treasuries 30 Collections for religious societies are cancelled, Missions, Gustav-Adolf-Verein 31 Kirchen- und Pfarrhausbauten 32 Kirchenverwaltung 33 Differences with the clergy D Teaching and education Science, universities, grammar school (Jean-Paul-Gymnasium) 34 Generalia, construction, buildings 35 Foundation and maintenance 36 Teachers and their survivors 37 Fund administration, budgets 38 Visitations, festivities, school and university discipline, school police 39 not applicable 40 grammar school, Latin school, Other higher education institutions, care of science Trade schools, agricultural and trade schools (Oberrealschule/Schillergymnasium) 41 General schools, construction, buildings 42 Foundation and maintenance 43 Teachers and their survivors 44 Fund administration, budgets 45 Visitations, festivities, school discipline, school police 46 Accounting and auditing 47 Trade schools Elementary schools and vocational schools 48 General schools, construction, Buildings 49 Education, school events 50 School libraries 51 Teachers 52 Pensions, supports, statistics 53 Visitations, examinations, festivities 54 Students, provision of study rooms 55 Finances 56 School doctor, school health care 56a Sophienschule 56b Vocational schools Higher girls' school (Lyzeum/Johann-Christian-Reinhart-Gymnasium) 57 Generalia, Construction, Miscellaneous 58 Teacher positions, Pensions 59 Funding, School fees, teaching aids 60 Discipline, annual reports, festivities, certificates Other education, sports, art, public libraries 61 Gymnastics, sports 62 Swimming, dancing 63 Shorthand, private schools, public libraries 64-65 n.a. 66 Promotion and care of the arts 66a Education in general E Health care 67 Generalia 68 Medical staff, doctors 69 Veterinarians, inspection of cattle for slaughter and meat, Wasenmeister 70 Food police: Generalia 71 Food Police: Price Supervision (including Non-Food) 72 Food Police: Supervision and Controls 73 Care for Pregnant Women, Midwives 74 Hospitals/City Hospital: Organisation and Administration 75 Hospitals/City Hospital: Staff 76 Hospitals/City Hospital: Finances, Equipment 77 Hospitals/City Hospital: Patients 78 Pharmacies, poison trade, drugstores, drugstores 79 Quacks, secret medicine 80 Diseases among humans, vaccinations 81 Not applicable 82 Mentally ill, addiction 83 Physically handicapped, mentally handicapped 84 Casualties, Suicides, bogus deaths, funerals 85 Bathing establishments, sauna, spa and recreation homes 86 Livestock diseases, cruelty to animals, pest control, dog keeping 87 Medical statistics F Provincial Police Security and Order 88 Generalia, Closing time 89 Police, day and night guards, towers, corridor guards, gendarmerie, residents' guards 90 Reporting, situation reports 91 Measures against security disturbances, security and locking companies 92 Associations, political parties, labour movement, assemblies 93 Expelled persons, beggars, vagrants, transport, gangs of thieves and robbers 94 Not applicable 95 Prisons, supervision of released convicts 96 Accommodation and workplaces for the poor and homeless 97 Youth welfare office: Construction, staff 98 Parents and neglected children, compulsory education, professional guardianship, infant care 99 Kindergartens, children's homes, apprentice homes, youth hostel 100 Vocational counselling, youth welfare, education and life counselling 101 Fire police: Supervision of boilers and machines 102 Fire police: Supervision of buildings, fireplaces, storage of operating materials, lightning rod 103 Fire brigade: General information, voluntary fire brigade, compulsory fire brigade 104 not applicable (103) 105 Fire police: various 106 Fire damage investigations 107 National fire insurance: general information on the enforcement of the law 108 National fire insurance: accounting, payment of fire compensation 109 Furniture fire insurance institutions 110 Thunderstorm damage, water damage, fire victim collections, etc. 111 Supervision of weapons Food and credit, welfare 112 Housing 113 Supply of food and other necessities of life 114 Employment promotion, unemployment support 115 Grain prices, grain magazines, hops 115a not applicable 116 District aid fund, industrial support fund, promotion of crafts 117 Banks and private insurance 118 Pledge and loan institution 119 Savings bank: organisation and administration 120 Savings bank: Deposits, loans, deposits 121 Savings bank: Accounting, surpluses 122 Savings bank: Giroverband, cheque transactions 123 Public scales, measures 124a Poor care, welfare care 124b Municipal welfare institutions, supply homes, old people's homes 125 Local poor care, administration of the poor fund, donations 126 Poor taxes, amusement taxes 127 Poor and travel support, cure costs 128 Collections 129 Imperial Insurance Office: Organisational matters 130 Health insurance 131 Accident insurance 132 Invalidity and survivors' insurance 133 Employee insurance 134 Lotteries Industrial property 135 Regulations 136 Labour law, Works Council Act 137 Trade licences, trade register 138 Trade registrations, deregistrations, 139 guilds, trade and journeyman associations, guilds 140 trade examinations, privileges 141 enquiry and commission offices, pharmacists, baths, libraries, book printers, booksellers 142 bakers, Büttner 143 breweries, pubs 144 distilleries, Branntweinschänken 145 Gunsmiths, Bookbinders, Baggers, Brushbinders 146 Chemists, Confectioners, Turner, Flasher, Dyers, File Cutters, Hairdressers 147 Glaziers, Gürtler, Inns, Gold Workers, Hatmakers, Höker 148 Merchants, Merchants, Merchandise 149 Furriers, Coppersmiths, Kammmacher, button maker, cap maker, calico printer, basket maker, chimney sweep 150 butchers 151 painters, Melber (flour trader), Müller 152 musicians, city orchestra, Hofer Symphoniker 153 Nadler, nail forge, trimmers, photographers, Pflasterer 154 Riemer, Rotgerber 155 shoemakers, Schneider 156 soap boiler, saddler, sieve maker, slater, grinder, rope maker, stocking maker 157 locksmith, blacksmith, Wagner 158 carpenter, potter 159 traiteure (food landlords), junk dealer, cloth maker, cloth shearer 160 spinner, weaver, Weißgerber 161 brickmaker, carpenter, bricklayer, stonemason, tin founder, 162 Textile dealers, industrial facilities, manufactories, factories, public limited companies 163 Approved trades, rag collectors, determination and transfer of trades rights 164 Sunday rest, closing time 165 Apprenticeships 166 Other regulations 167 Chambers of Commerce, Chambers of Commerce, Trade Council, Fabrikrat 168 industrial exhibitions, trade exhibitions, Gewerbemuseum, Landesgewerbeanstalt 169 statistics nature, environment, agriculture, waters, water pipes 170 cultural laws, disputes, land protection, nature and bird protection 171 agricultural associations, Institutes, premiums 172 Arable farming, livestock farming, poultry farming 173 Subsidies, hail insurance, livestock insurance 174 Horticulture, fruit farming, hop farming, silk farming, beekeeping, fish farming, tobacco farming 175 Hats, Dismembrations, community grounds 176 Rivers and streams: 177 rivers and streams: hydropower plants, dams, corrections 178 water pipes, wells: Generalia, preliminary projects 179 The old water pipes and wells, pump wells 180 High-pressure water pipe from the Untreutal/Regnitztal/Schaumberg area: project, loans, land and service, building maintenance 181 High-pressure water pipe from the Untreutal/Regnitztal/Schaumberg area: 182 Operation, water delivery, materials, machines 183 Extension of the high-pressure pipeline in the spring area, high zone, pumping stations Forest police and hunting police 184 Regulations, hunting cards 185 Municipal hunting 186 Forest personnel 187 Supervision of municipal woodlands, forest offences Trade and traffic 188 Fuel, peat, coal 189 Supervision and promotion of trade: Generalia 190 Supervision and promotion of trade: Enforcement of regulations, business identification cards 191 Trade fairs, fairs, livestock markets, weekly markets 192 Pedlar trade, grain trade, trade in general 193 Land freight trade, servants, railways 194 Industrial track systems 195 no longer applicable (to 193) 196 Telegraphy, Telephone, radio 197 Shipping, rafting 198 Airship, airfields 199 Carriages, bicycles, automobiles 200 Electrical installations 201 Customs matters, post, messenger service, defraudations 202 Coins, banknotes, dimensions, weights, weights and measures, calibration 203 City expansion: Building lines, Generalia 204 Urban expansion: Establishment of building lines 205 Road safety: Legislation on the construction of roads 206 Road safety: State roads, district roads 207 Road safety: Municipal roads, municipal roads 208 Road and cleanliness police: Generalia 209 Road and cleanliness police: Use of roads by companies 210 Road and cleanliness police: Enforcement of regulations VII Resettlement, emigration, civil and homeland rights, nationality, marriage, registry office 211 Resettlement, emigration, marriage, civil and homeland rights: General 212 Residences, relocations, marriages of persons not entitled to reside in Hof 213 Residences and marriages of citizens of the town of Hof 214 Citizens' admissions 215 Granting of homeland rights 216 Homeland and citizenship: General 217 Issue of certificates of origin and nationality 218 Findings on homeland and nationality: admission and release from the Bavarian State Subtantry Association 219 Divorce VIII Press, advertising, monuments, museums 220 Freedom of the press: General, Municipal Press Office 221 Advertising and publicity 222 Newspapers, periodicals, pamphlets, calendars, radio 223 Surveillance of bookshops, book printers, antiquarian books, loan libraries, public libraries, reading institutes 224 Monuments, Museums: General 225 Monuments, Museums: Municipal Museum, local monuments IX Sion, theatre, festivals, honours, culture 226 Morality police 227 Shooting 228 Theatres, exhibitions: General 229 Municipal theatre 230 Folk entertainments, dances, church consecrations, festivals, folk festivals 231 Awards for civic virtues 231a Culture in general X Gesindepolizei 232 Dienstbotenwesen, Stellenvermittler XI Police penal cases 233 Execution of penal laws: Generalia 234 Enforcement of penal laws: Specialia 235 not applicable (to the stocks BO, C 5, C 6) XII Construction Construction Police 236 Construction regulations: Generalia 237 Construction regulations: Completion 238 barns, warehouses 239 private canals, drainage ditches 240 cellars 241 draughts, workshops, stables, trench bridges 242 wall repairs, railings, planks, shelters, fences 243 studios, drinking halls, temporary buildings, greenhouses 244 brickworks, lime kilns, smelting works, shooting ranges 245 Demolished buildings; Building files by streets and house numbers 246 Buildings not approved or approved by the city and foundations: General 247 Construction personnel, business distribution, technical and scientific aids, statistics 248 Relationships of construction and operating workers 249 Construction and delivery conditions 250 Construction budget, construction accounting, inventory of the city's construction industry and foundations: Building construction 251 General information on building maintenance and fire insurance 252 Town hall, Stadtturm 253 Gymnasium (Jean-Paul-Gymnasium) 254 Turnhalle in der Neustadt 255 Oberrealschule (Schillergymnasium) 256 Töchterschule mit Turnhalle (Johann-Christian-Reinhart-Gymnasium) 257 Neustädter Schule 258 Altstädter Schule mit Turnhalle 259 Pestalozzischule mit Turnhalle 260 Schule in der Wilhelmstraße (Wilhelmschule) 261 Schule in der Wörthstraße mit Turnhalle (Sophienschule) 262 Schulen in Moschendorf 263 Schulen in Krötenbruck 264 Schulen mit Turnhalle an der Westendstraße, Wilhelmstraße, Schillerstraße, school in Hofeck 265a makeshift schools, Parsevalschule 265b Christian-Wolfrum-Schule 265c Münsterschule 265d Eichendorffschule 266 Bau- and Zimmerhof 267 farm buildings at Theresienstein 268 gardener's flat and greenhouse at Theresienstein 269 fire brigade building 270 marksman's house at Nailaer Straße 271 hospital in the parish 272 theatre 273 riding house in the former Prinzingsgarten 274 railway station 275 car halls at the upper Anger 276 school land home Walburgisreuth/Kinderferienheim Weißenstadt 277 tenement houses, Barracks 278 breweries, Mulzhäuser 279 bathhouses 280 airfield, Radio station, weather station 281 customs houses, police stations 282 cemetery and crematorium 283 factory or spinning house, supply home 284 Wasenmeisterei (animal rendering plant) 285 Pfandhaus 286 Eichanstalt 287 Buildings acquired from private property 288 n/a (99) 289 poorhouse, Old people's home 290 Orphanage at Unterkotzauer Weg 291a Kämmereigut in Krötenhof (Kammergut) 291b Stadthalle (Adolf-Hitler-Halle, Freiheitshalle) 291c Schweinemastanstalt 291e Lehrlingsheim/Angerschule 291f Amerikahaus/Haus der Jugend Bauwesen der Stadt und der Stiftungen: Civil engineering 292 roads, paths, squares: General 293 streets, paths, squares: Special 294 road pavement 295 bridges, footbridges: generalia, main bridges 296 bridges, footbridges: smaller bridges and footbridges 297 bridges, footbridges: private bridges and footbridges 298 city canals: General 299 city channels: Industrial and domestic sewage treatment plants 300 city canals: Special 301 Fire fighting 302 Culture of public facilities and squares: General, Stadtpark Theresienstein 303 Culture of public spaces and squares: Miscellaneous 304 Culture of public spaces and squares: Anger, bleaching areas 305 Hydraulic structures, ponds, ponds, city walls, drainage 306 City clocks 307 Building magazine: Abolition of building materials, operation of quarries and sand storage, storage areas 308 Building magazine: Equipment, machines, decorative objects 309 Building magazine: Market stalls, stands 310 Private roads, country lanes, access roads to fields and meadows 311 Toilets, faeces removal 312 Public urinals G Municipal and foundation objects Generalia 313 Generalia Municipal objects Politics, administration, general 314 Magistrate, city council, mayor 315 Municipal elections 316 Municipal staff: 317 Municipal staff: employment relationships, personnel files 318 Police employment relationships 319 City coat of arms, tourism, municipal representation, honours, honorary citizens 319a Town twinning, town sponsorships 320 Town council 321 District manager 322 Course of business, business distribution Taxes and duties 323 not applicable (to no. 7) 324 dog taxes 325 paving duty, bridge duty 326 local differences, market differences, meat and flour surcharges, other surcharges possessions, revenues, expenses 327 municipal realities, emoluments, their use etc., Leases 328 Securing municipal realities, fairness, municipal boundaries, rainings 329 Acquisitions, legacies, donations 330 Real estate sales, movables 331 Schoolteachers-widows and orphans pension institution 332 Permanent pensions and levies 333 Processes, recovery of debts 334 Assets, loans 335 Liabilities, malt surcharge Asset management, municipal enterprises 336 Administration of municipal assets: enterprises, general 337 Slaughterhouse: Construction, extension 338 Slaughterhouse: construction maintenance, equipment, inventory, accounting 339 Slaughterhouse: operation, orders, fees 340 Gasworks: construction, extension 341 Gasworks: construction maintenance, equipment, inventory, accounting 342 Gasworks: street lighting 343 Gasworks: operation, orders, fees 344 Electricityworks: construction, extension 345 Electricityworks: construction maintenance, equipment, inventory, accounting 346 Electricityworks: Tram, bus 347 Power station: operation, regulations, fees 348 Brickworks on Leimitzer Weg: construction, maintenance 349 Brickworks on Leimitzer Weg: operation, inventory, accounting 350 Agriculture and vehicle fleet operation, motor vehicles: construction, maintenance 351 Agriculture and vehicle fleet operation, motor vehicles: operation, inventory, accounting 352 Administration of municipal assets: budget 353 Administration of municipal assets: Accounting 354 Insurance of furnishings and objects of daily use against fire damage 355 Liability insurance of the municipality 356 Mediation office 357 Rent differences, marital differences Foundation objects General 358 Government supervision 359 Supra-local and external foundations 360 n/a (to 359) Local foundations 361 of Ostensche Waisenhausstiftung: General 362 of Ostensche Waisenhausstiftung: Buildings, land 363 of Ostensche Waisenhausstiftung: Asset management 364 of Ostensche Waisenhausstiftung: Processes 365 of Ostensche Waisenhausstiftung: Support and Benefits 366 not applicable (to 362) 367 of Ostensche Waisenhausstiftung: Accounting 368 Hospital Foundation: General 369 Not applicable 370 Hospital foundation: Personnel 371 Hospital foundation: Buildings and their use 372 Hospital foundation: Land, its management and leasing 373 Hospital foundation: Huts, forests, forest offences, bains, quarries 374 Hospital foundation: Asset management 375 Hospital foundation: fiefs (also fiefs that do not concern the hospital foundation), tenth 376 Hospital foundation: litigation 377 Hospital foundation: support 378 Hospital foundation: benefits to other institutions, staff allowances for clergy 379 Hospital foundation: acquisitions, sales 380 Hospital foundation: supervision of convents (inmates of old people's homes), employment of convents staff 381 Hospital foundation: Budget, accounting, taxes, levies 382 not applicable 383 Alumneumsstiftung: Supervision of the foundation's purpose 384 Alumneumsstiftung: Gebäude, Grundstücke 385 Alumneumsstiftung: Vermögensverwaltung, Rechnungswesen 386 Alumneumsstiftung: Processes 387 not applicable (to 385) 388 not applicable (to 421) 389 Küffnersche Stiftung 390-394 not applicable (to 421) 395 Heerdegensche Rettungshausstiftung 396-398 not applicable (to 421) 399 Bernhard Lorenz Müllersche Armen- und Scholarsdientiftung 400-420 not applicable (to 421) 421 Various foundations, 423 not applicable (to 421) H Statistics, service overview 424 Census of population 425 House numbers, street names, district division, address books 426 Statistics, accountability, administration and annual reports 427 not applicable (to 426) 428 Government gazettes, law gazettes etc., Council Library J Service Regulations, Supervision 429 Generalia, Official Visits, Registry, Archive, Inventory, Official Notices of the City of Hof, Official Library 430 Course of Business, Administrative Simplification 431 not applicable 432 Repertories 433 Minutes of Meetings 434 not applicable 435 Offices, Arrest Offices, Fournituren (Delivery of Material Requirements) 436 Advocates, Legal training 437 n/a n/a 438 n/a C Deposit and fee system 439 Municipal reserve cash and deposit system 440 n/a (to 439) 441 n/a (to 7) L Jurisdiction in tax and administrative law, Compulsory expropriations 442 not applicable (to 444) M Jewish situation 443 not applicable (to 22) N State administration and justice in Hof 444 State administrative and judicial institutions, state employees, remuneration, notarial services 445 not applicable (to 444) 446 not applicable (to 444)

Inventory description: Dept. 159 Herrnsheimer Dalberg-Archiv (files, official books) Size: 1943 units of description (= 27 lfm = 201 archive cartons, 2 large cartons, 2 lfm oversized formats - own inventory: 1878 VE, remainder in Heylshof = 64 VE, with sub-VE in total) 2015) Duration: 1445 - 1866 Zur Familie und Herrschaft Dalberg (Note 1) The family of the chamberlains of Worms, later called 'von Dalberg', belonged as an influential family association to the episcopal ministry of Worms. Since 1239 she held the hereditary office of the chamberlain of Worms; this was later associated with economic-financial privileges in Worms, court rights and the Jewish Court in Worms. Since the 14th century, the family has succeeded in expanding various ownership complexes between Niederelsass and Hunsrück, with a focus on Wormsgau. This also includes the expansion of power in the towns of Herrnsheim and Abenheim, which began in the 14th century, through the acquisition of feudal rights and property (2). The dominion complex with Herrnsheim and Abenheim was predominantly surrounded by Electoral Palatinate territory. Around 1460 a castle was erected in Herrnsheim (castle) and a surrounding wall was built around the village; between 1470 and 1492 a chapel of the local parish church of St. Peter was converted into a burial place, which has led to the development of the situation of a small residential town in Herrnsheim, which can still be seen today from the buildings and the townscape. Today's Herrnsheim Castle, owned by the town of Worms since 1958, was built together with the important English landscape garden in two construction phases from 1808 to 1814 and from 1820 to 1824. The dominion of Dalberg is a typical middle imperial knighthood territory. Since the late Middle Ages, the Dalberg dynasty had provided the fiefdoms of the Electorate of Mainz and Palatinate and held important ecclesiastical offices, including the bishop of Worms, Johann von Dalberg (1445-1503). The family split into different lines and branches. Outstanding persons for whom the collection contains material are Carl Theodor von Dalberg (1744-1817, Elector of Mainz, Grand Duke of Frankfurt); Wolfgang Heribert von Dalberg (1750-1806, Minister of State in Mannheim, Director of the National Theatre); Johann Friedrich Hugo von Dalberg (1760-1812, bishop and humanist); Emmerich Joseph Duc de Dalberg (1773-1833, diplomat and politician). In 1883 John Dalberg-Acton sold Herrnsheim Castle with all its interior and the park from his family's estate to Cornelius Wilhelm Heyl (Cornelius Wilhelm Freiherr von Heyl zu Herrnsheim), a leather industrialist from Worms, due to financial shortages (3). Thus also the library stored there and the documents and files of the Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive of the previous owners were transferred to the buyer. After the death of his father in 1923, D. Dr. jur. Cornelius Freiherr Heyl zu Herrnsheim took over the castle, which he officially moved into in April 1929 (4). In the years of the Second World War the documents were relocated several times for safety reasons and probably suffered incomprehensible, but rather smaller losses (5). Until it was converted into an apartment, the Dalberg Archive was housed in a special archive room locked with an iron door in the castle, then in the library in the tower room on the first floor. When Siegfried Freiherr von Heyl zu Herrnsheim, son of D. Dr. jur. Cornelius Frhr. Heyl zu Herrnsheim, sold the castle to the city of Worms in July 1958 (6), the documents, files and official books of the Dalberg archive kept in boxes and bundles were not part of the sale. However, it was to be left on loan to the town on the basis of an agreement with the community of heirs (in autumn 1959) and an inventory was to be taken before a corresponding contract was concluded (7). This work was done by Carl J. H. Villinger (8), who handed over his summary list with the disaggregation to Dr. Georg Illert on 3.7.1964 (9). The draft of the loan contract was completed to the satisfaction of both parties at the end of 1965, so that there was nothing to prevent it from being concluded the following year. On 19 July 1966, lawyer H. Ramge, in his capacity as joint executor of the will, surprisingly approached the city with the offer that it could purchase the Dalberg Archive and the library holdings of Herrnsheim Palace from the estate of D. Dr. jur. Cornelius Freiherr Heyl zu Herrnsheim (10). With the support of the Landesarchivverwaltung Koblenz, which prepared an expert opinion on the basis of Villinger's list, the value was determined and one year later - in July 1967 - the documents were sold to the city. Thus, the Dalberg Archive, which according to the decree of the Prime Minister of Rhineland-Palatinate of 13.7.1961 had been entered into the state register of nationally valuable archives, could remain in Worms as a closed collection (11). A more detailed inventory should then be made, which was completed before the archive was moved to the city archive for security reasons. Villinger had compiled a detailed list of the contents of the 39 archive boxes, the qualitative condition of which was indicated from good to partly very poor, and of the remaining archive documents (12). On the basis of this list of Villingers, the lack of various documents and files as well as individual letters from correspondence series and gaps in official book series could be ascertained (13). In 1980 Siegfried Freiherr Heyl zu Herrnsheim handed over 14 sealed parchment documents and in 1985 his daughter, Mrs. Cornelia von Bodenhausen, another 72, partly decorative documents from the former possession of the treasurers of Worms Freiherr von Dalberg to the Foundation Kunsthaus Heylshof (14). The documents kept there were examined with the consent of the then Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Frhr. Ludwig von Heyl, as part of the project for the Dalberg Regestensammlung under the auspices of Hess. Staatsarchivs Darmstadt microfilmed in Darmstadt in 1985 and included in the Regestenwerk (15). The further written material lying in the Heylshof such as files, correspondence etc. could be taken into account in the preparation of the present repertory (16). Some files, which were offered at an auction in Heidelberg in 1984, could be bought with the support of the Altertumsverein Worms (17). Also in 1994, with the financial support of the Kulturfonds der Wormser Wirtschaft, the city was able to acquire 23 official and accounting books from private sources, which were added to the collection. With the help of this material, gaps in existing series could be closed again. Among these acquisitions was also the inventory "Verzeichnis der Urkunden, Schriftstücke etc. des Kämmerer-Dalbergarchivs Schloß Herrnsheim...", compiled in 1919 by Heyl's librarian and archivist Wilhelm Graf, in which he [until then] had only recorded the documents (18). For the use and recording of the Dept. 159 This inventory, Dept. 159, comprises the Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive (files and official books), which, together with the other inventories, Dept. 159-U Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive (documents) and Dept. 159-P Dalberg Plan Collection, comprises the entire collection of the archive of the chamberlains of Worms Freiherr von Dalberg, formerly kept in the Herrnsheimer Palace. As a complex aristocratic archive within the holdings of the Worms City Archive, it is of supra-regional importance. It reflects the work of a knightly aristocratic family with its lordly function and family ties. After the takeover of the material by the city of Worms in 1967, the directory prepared by C. J. H. Villinger served as a finding aid for years. In the archive, the bundles and official books of No. 1 - No. 428 were numbered consecutively and recorded in a corresponding list. While the documents (No. 1 - No. 323, plus sub-numbers (19)) already registered in 1919 by the Heyl's librarian and archivist Wilhelm Graf in document folders with numbers and title entries were initially easy to use, the files and folders with short titles and box numbers contained in the remaining archive boxes were relatively reliably findable, but only vaguely citable due to missing individual signatures. After in the 1980s the processing of the Dalbergian document holdings in Darmstadt, Worms (Stadtarchiv, Heylshof, Pfarrarchiv Herrnsheim) and in other archives had been implemented under the auspices of the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt, a more precise indexing of the files was started as a further project (20). Dr. Jürgen Rainer Wolf of the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt processed the documents kept in the other archive boxes of the Worms Dalberg Archive, which were brought to Darmstadt for this purpose. However, only a part of the boxes (21) was opened, and each box was given a number with sub-numbers separated by slashes for the individual pieces contained therein. However, the work did not come to a conclusion. With immediate effect Wolf's finding aid, which also included official book series, had to be used in addition to the directory compiled by Villinger (22). From then on, the use of the holdings was regarded as a particular challenge, especially since there was also a link between the holdings of documents and files. This was because, at the time of the document project, the comprehensive record of documents also included the documents lying dormant in the files, the location of which was then not reliable or only difficult to secure (23). At the beginning of 2011, due to the unsatisfactory usability of the inventory on the one hand and due to the discontinuous and inconsistent depth of distortion on the other hand, the complete new distortion of the file inventory was decided and completed in October 2012. The signatures should not be changed completely, but as many as possible should be preserved and the link with existing old signatures by means of concordance should of course be guaranteed. The titles were recorded directly in the Augias archive program, at the same time the documents were embedded in acid-free archive folders and boxes. "The numbering of the convolutes was retained as signatures and, if necessary, sub-numbers separated by slashes were assigned as soon as the mostly extensive fascicles contained various individual folders. "The official records retained their signatures. "The Wolf's units of description with their signatures (no. 430/1ff - no. 440/1ff) were taken over, sifted through and the existing title recordings were deepened and supplemented on the basis of the newly recorded pieces. "Documents (24) possibly in the files, which were considered in the Dalberger Regesten volumes, were seized with the title admission both over the old signature, and usually with reference to the sequential number in the second volume of the Dalberger Regesten (25). "The further archive boxes not yet taken up by Wolf were continued and listed according to the given pattern, i.e. each further archive box received a new number (No. 442ff (26)) and the individual files, folders etc. preserved therein were provided with sub-numbers, separated by a slash. "The unlisted material found at the end of the inventory was then added with consecutive signatures. "The Dalberg letters purchased on various occasions in the 1970s, mainly letters from Carl Theodor von Dalberg, which had been integrated into the collection at the time, also remained with the new indexing in Dept. 159. " The documents kept at Kunsthaus Heylshof were recorded and selected pieces digitized (27). The digital copies were integrated in the Worms Municipal Archives into the collection of Dept. 159, since the pieces of their provenance can be attributed to the former Herrnsheim Dalberg Archive. In the case of the originals, the signatures of the city archives were noted, while the numbering used in the Heylshof (28) was recorded as an "old signature" in the title recording. This enables targeted access to the originals at Heylshof if required. "Within the scope of the registration work also the files of Dept. 159 N were dissolved (29) and inserted into Dept. 159 (now Dept. 159 No. 852 - No. 884). These are files, correspondence and family papers (mainly on the Petersau donation and the Tascher affair), which obviously also belonged to the Dalberg Archive in the past. These once formed the inventory of Dept. 158 of Dalberg, which must have existed before 1967, about its origin, i.e. (pre-)provenance before transfer into the archive, but no information is available. During the title recording it became apparent that the inventory did not have a coherent structure and that the development of a system would only make sense after completion of the work. The classification was finally drawn up on the basis of the main points of content. The assignment of each individual unit of description to the corresponding classification group then took place in a final work step, after the completion of which a real overview of the contents of the present tradition and its meaning in its entirety could be obtained. Contents The documents that were last kept in the library tower of Herrnsheim Castle before being transferred to the Worms City Archives essentially comprise archival documents relating to the Herrnsheim Dalberg Line. By the marriage (oo 12.1.1771) Wolfgang Heribert von Dalbergs with Elisabetha Augusta nee Ulner von Dieburg (30) as well as by connections of the Dalberger with other families further document and file material was added. The collection of Dept. 159 as part of the Herrnsheimer Dalberg Archive comprises the file and official book tradition, the temporal focus of which clearly lies in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. The early material (from 1249) is mostly copies of documents. A copy in which a large number of documents were recorded between 1249 and 1469 (31) deserves special mention here. Temporal "runaways" in the 20th century came about through subsequent additions to the holdings. On the one hand, various correspondences and records had been added sporadically at the time of the von Heyl family (32) and on the other hand, in connection with the purchase of Dalberg letters, the corresponding correspondence had been left with the letters (33). The most closed collection within the Dept. 159 is the archive material dating back to Emmerich Joseph von Dalberg (1773-1833). Due to the fact that with him the Herrnsheimer Dalberg line died out in the male tribe, after the death of his father Wolfgang Heribert all administrative matters of the Herrnsheimer line and after the death of his uncle Carl Theodor von Dalberg as his universal heir were incumbent upon him the order and administration of his inheritance including the Regensburg endowment. Furthermore and especially in Dept. 159 there is the diplomatic estate of the Duc de Dalberg with numerous memoirs, correspondence and rich material (targeted collection, own records etc.) on the (foreign) policy of France and other European countries. In addition, its business activities are richly reflected, not least in the activities of the Paravey Bank.

History of the Inventory Designer: 1. On the history of the Deutsche Reichspost Prehistory up to 1867 In Germany, a uniform postal system had not been able to develop due to the territorial fragmentation of the Reich. Still in the first half of the 19th century, 17 independent state postal regions existed alongside the "Reichs-Post" of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis, which had already been commissioned by the Emperor in the 16th century to carry out the postal shelf and which had since then operated primarily in the smaller and smallest German territories. The conclusion of agreements between individual Länder of the German Confederation, including the establishment of the German-Austrian Postal Association in 1850, did indeed lead to unity in postal traffic; however, in 1866 there were still 9 postal regions in Germany. The post office in the Kingdom of Prussia had developed into the most important national post office at the national level. From the North German Confederation to the Foundation of the Reich (1867-1871) The constitution of the North German Confederation of 24 June 1867 declared the postal and telegraph system to be a federal matter. In the structure of the North German postal administration, the upper postal directorates existing in Prussia since 1849 were taken over as central authorities. The Prussian postal system was thus transferred to the Federation and the North German postal administrations were merged into it, so that the Norddeutsche Bundespost (1868-1871) under the leadership of Prussia was the first unified state postal service on German soil. The Federal Chancellery was in charge of its upper management, and the former Prussian General Post Office was integrated into it as Department I. In addition, the Directorate-General for Telegraphs was renamed Division II. The Post Office in the German Reich from 1871 to 1919 The foundation stone of the Deutsche Reichspost is the Reich Constitution of 16 April 1871. The only area of transport in which the Reich was able to directly promote its state and transport policy purposes was the postal and telegraph system. The Reichspost, which was set up as a direct Reich administration, extended its effectiveness to the entire territory of the Reich with the exception of the states of Bavaria and Württemberg, which had the so-called Postreservat granted to them for their internal postal relations. The postal service and the telegraph system, which were still independent at that time, were therefore a matter for the Reich. On 1 January 1876, both administrations merged organizationally with the creation of the "Reichspost- und Telegraphenverwaltung" (Reich Post and Telegraph Administration) as the highest authority, which consisted of the General Post Office and the General Directorate of Telegraphs. Both were subject to the postmaster general and formed first the I. and II. Department of the Reich Chancellery. The connection between post and telegraph created in this way was no longer solved afterwards. In addition, the postmaster general was removed from the Reich Chancellery and made independent. The Imperial Decree of 23 February 1880 also consolidated the General Post Office and the General Telegraph Office organisationally. The now established Reichspostamt was thus on an equal footing with the other supreme Reich authorities. He was directed by the Prussian Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan (1831-1897), who had already become the head of the General Post Office in 1870. The new design of the imperial postal system undoubtedly meant progress for traffic development. Economic advancement, the increasing importance of German foreign trade, the acquisition of colonies and the opening up of the oceans, and thus the global political and economic importance of Germany, posed special challenges for the postal service and telegraphy. Under Heinrich von Stephan's leadership, the Universal Postal Union was created in 1874. Foreign and colonial post offices took up their work. During the 1st World War the field post, which had existed in Prussia since the 18th century during the war, was reactivated. It was subordinate to the Field Chief Postmaster in the Great Headquarters and was subdivided into Army Post Offices, Field Post Inspections, Offices and Stations. In the occupied territories, the Deutsche Reichspost eliminated the state postal administrations there and created its own postal facilities in Belgium, Poland and Romania. The German Post and Telegraph Administration operating in the Baltic States in the postal area of the Commander-in-Chief East (November 1915 to December 1918; since August 1918: Military Post Office of the Commander-in-Chief East) was a military office and attached to the Oberost staff. Weimar Republic (1919-1933) The Reich Constitution of 1919 brought significant progress by unifying the postal and telecommunications systems in the hands of the Reich. In connection with the creation of Reich Ministers with parliamentary responsibility by the Law on the Provisional Imperial Authority of 10 February 1919, the decree of the Reich President of 21 March 1919 laid down the new names of the supreme Reich authorities. The Reichspostamt was also renamed the Reichspostministerium. A further consequence of the state revolution of 1918/19 were the state treaties of 29 and 31 March 1920, which also transferred the postal administrations of Württemberg and Bavaria to the Reich. However, they still retained a certain special position. The Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart was responsible for all internal affairs of the traffic area assigned to it, the Land of Württemberg, insofar as they were not generally reserved for the Reich Ministry of Posts, and for Bavaria even a separate Department VII (since 1924 Department VI) was created with its seat in Munich, a State Secretary at the head and the same extensive competence as in the Oberpostdirektion in Stuttgart. The character of the Reichspost was decisively influenced by the Reichspostfinanzgesetz, which came into force on 1 April 1924. The most important point was the separation of the post office from the rest of the Reich's budget. This made the Deutsche Reichspost economically independent as a special fund of the Reich. The Reichspostfinanzgesetz created the administrative board of the Deutsche Reichspost under the chairmanship of the Reichspost Minister. The Board of Directors had to decide on all significant business, financial and personnel matters. The implementation of the decisions of the Board of Administration was the responsibility of the Minister or the responsible structural parts of the Reich Ministry of Posts. National Socialism (1933-1945) From the outset, the authority left no doubt as to its attitude to National Socialism: "For the Deutsche Reichspost it was a matter of course to put National Socialist ideas into practice with all its might wherever it was possible, and to serve the Führer with all its being and doing". The formal repeal of the Reichspostfinanzgesetz by the Gesetz zur Vereinfachung und Verbilligung der Verwaltung of 27 February 1934 did not change anything about the special asset status of the Deutsche Reichspost, but it brought some fundamental changes. For example, the Administrative Board was dissolved and replaced by an Advisory Board, which had no decisive powers but only an advisory function. The law eliminated both Division VI in Munich and the special position of the Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart, after Hitler had rejected as premature an attempt by the Reichspost and Reich Traffic Minister, Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, to repeal it, which he had already made in May 1933. From 1 April 1934, the last special agreements of the Reichspost with the states of Bavaria and Württemberg expired, so that it was only from this point on that the "complete uniformity of the postal and telecommunications system in law and administration for the entire territory of the Reich" was established. On 1 October 1934, the Oberpostdirektionen received the designation "Reichspostdirektionen". The offices and offices were subordinated to them. By "Führererlass" of 2 February 1937, the personal union between the Reich Transport Minister and the Reich Post Minister, which had existed since 1932, was abolished and Wilhelm Ohnesorge (1872 to 1962) was again appointed Reich Post Minister. The occasion was the subordination of the Reichsbahn to Reich sovereignty. The unconditional capitulation of Germany at the end of the Second World War also meant the end of the German Reichspost. His written fixation of this fact was found in Articles 5 and 9 of a declaration of the Allied Control Council of June 5, 1945, according to which "all facilities and objects of the ... intelligence ... to hold at the disposal of the Allies' representatives" and "until the establishment of supervision over all means of communication" any broadcasting operation was prohibited. The postal and telecommunications services and the operation of their facilities were finally restarted at different times and separately by the respective Commanders-in-Chief according to the four occupation zones of Germany. 2 The tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost (German Imperial Postal Service) in the fields of social and technical progress as well as the effects of important inventions inevitably necessitated both the quantitative expansion of communication relations and their continuous improvement up to the introduction and application of new services in the postal and telegraph sectors. One of the main tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost, the carriage of news items, did not initially extend to all postal items. In the beginning, only closed letters and political newspapers that did not remain in the sender's town were affected by the so-called post compulsion. All open items (especially postcards and printed matter) for a place other than the place of dispatch and letters, parcels etc. for recipients in the place of dispatch could also be collected, transported and distributed by so-called private transport companies. Such "private posts" settled above all in large cities and increasingly opposed the German Reichspost as fierce competitors, for example through lower fee rates. The Reichspost had to get rid of this competition, especially since it was obliged to maintain expensive and sometimes even unprofitable delivery facilities even in the remotest areas of the Reich. The Postal Act Amendment of 20 Dec. 1899 therefore prohibited all commercially operated private post offices in the German Reich from 1 April 1900 and extended the postal obligation to sealed letters within the place of dispatch. The carriage of passengers From time immemorial, Swiss Post also dealt with the carriage of passengers. Before the advent of the railways, passenger transport by stagecoach was the most important means of public transport and, as such, was also part of the postal monopoly in many countries. The expansion of the railway network initially limited this traffic activity of the post office, but after the invention and further perfection of the automobile it gained importance again. Thus, since 1906/07, bus routes have been established ("Postkraftwagen-Überlandverkehr", often also called "Kraftposten" for short). They were expanded mainly in the years 1924 to 1929, so that on 1 April 1929 the Deutsche Reichspost operated almost 2000 Kraftpost lines with an operating length of more than 37,000 km and by that time had already carried 68 million passengers. The enormous economic and technical upswing in Germany after the foundation of the German Empire also meant that the Imperial Post and Telegraph Administration had to make use of its cash register facilities for the ever more flowing payment transactions. In addition to the banks, Swiss Post took over the regulation of cashless payment transactions: on 1 January 1909, the postal transfer and postal cheque service was opened in Germany (13 Postscheckkämter). Both the number of accounts and the amount of assets increased steadily in the following decades, with the exception of the two world wars. The banking activities of the Deutsche Reichspost, 'which serve to fulfil state activities and not to compete with the private sector', were divided into five main branches: postal order service, cash on delivery service, postal order service, postal transfer service, cheque service and postal savings bank service. The latter was introduced only after the annexation of Austria (a post office savings bank had existed here since 1883) on 1 January 1939. Telegraphs and radio telegraphy Although telegraphs were administered by an independent authority equivalent to the general post office before the Reichspost was founded, they had been closely related to the post office since 1854. In that year, the telegraph service in small communities in Prussia was transferred to the respective post office. Own telegraph stations usually existed only in cities and larger municipalities, where the operation was profitable. In 1871 there were a total of 3,535 telegraph stations in the German Reich (including Bavaria and Württemberg) with 107,485 km of telegraph lines and an annual output of over 10 million telegrams. By the beginning of the First World War, this figure had been six times higher. In contrast to the USA, where the population quickly made use of telephone traffic, the German public apparently did not initially want to make friends with the new telephone system. As early as 1877, General Postmaster Stephan had the first telephone line set up between the General Post Office in Leipzig and the General Telegraph Office in Französische Straße, and soon thereafter arranged for attempts to be made at longer distances. As late as 1880, however, Stephans' call for participation in a city telephone system in Berlin met with little approval, so that the first local traffic exchange began operations here in January 1881 with only 8 subscribers. However, the advantages of telephone traffic were soon recognised and the spread of the telephone increased rapidly. The 24-hour telephone service was first introduced in Munich in 1884, and Berlin opened its 10,000th telephone station in May 1889. As early as 1896 there were 130,000 "telephone stations" in Germany; in 1920 there were about 1.8 million, in 1930 over 3 million and in 1940 almost 5 million connections. Since the practical testing of Hertzian electromagnetic waves, i.e. since 1895, Swiss Post has paid great attention to the development and expansion of wireless telegraphy. From the very beginning, there was no doubt that the Reichspost was responsible for radio communications (as a type of communication). After the first radio telegraphy devices had been produced in Germany by Siemens and AEG and the first public radio stations had been put into operation in 1890, a regulated radio service began in the German Reich. In the following decades, the Reichspost retained the exclusive right to install and operate radio equipment. However, it was not in a position to carry out all the associated services itself and therefore delegated some of this right to other companies. Thus there were finally 3 groups of radio services: - the radio service operated by the Reichspost with its own radio stations (maritime radio, aeronautical radio), - the radio service operated by companies. The "Transradio AG für drahtlose Überseeverkehr" carried out the entire overseas radio traffic in the years 1921-1932 on behalf of the Deutsche Reichspost. Deep sea radio, train radio and police radio have been granted rights in their fields in a similar manner, - the radio services of public transport carriers such as Reichsbahn, Reichsautobahnen and waterways. Radio and television The exclusive competence for radio broadcasting also extended to radio broadcasting, which was established after the First World War. Legal and organisational issues had to be resolved for this new area of activity of Swiss Post more than for other areas. There are two phases to the relationship between the postal service and broadcasting: a) From 1923 to 1933, the Deutsche Reichspost was responsible for all legislative matters, the issuing of user regulations, the granting of licenses, the fixing and collection of fees, the setting up of transmitters, the technical operation and monitoring of economic management. The Reich Ministry of the Interior, together with the Länder governments, was responsible for the fundamental regulation of the political and cultural issues arising in the course of programme planning. The Reichspost left the broadcasting operations themselves to companies to which it granted a licence. The Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft, founded in 1923, acted as the umbrella organization, in which the Deutsche Reichspost held a major share through a majority of capital and votes and was headed by the Broadcasting Commissioner of the Deutsche Reichspost. b) In 1933, the newly created Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda assumed responsibility for all organizational and managerial issues relating to broadcasting; the Deutsche Reichspost remained only responsible for the cable network and transmitters, for licenses, fee collection and accounting. As a result of the Reichskulturkammergesetz of 22 September 1933, the Reichsrundfunkkammer was at the forefront of broadcasting, in which the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft and several other associations were represented. This marked the beginning of the absolute subordination of broadcasting to the National Socialist dictatorship. The first attempts at television were made in the 1920s, also under the direction of the Deutsche Reichspost. Swiss Post continued to play a major role in the scientific and technical development of television in the following years. After an improved Braun tube had been shown at the Funkausstellung Berlin in 1932, the 1933 annual report of the Deutsche Reichspost described trial television broadcasts in a large urban area as practically feasible. In March 1935, the Deutsche Reichspost set up the world's first public television station at the Reichspostmuseum in Berlin, where the public could follow the reception of the programmes free of charge. The Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda and the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft (RRG) shared the programming. The Reichspost Ministry subsidiary "Reichspost-Fernseh-GmbH" (since 1939) and the Reichsministerium für Luftfahrt (Reich Ministry of Aviation) were responsible for the transmitters "in view of their special significance for air traffic control and national air protection". 3. the organization and structure of the Deutsche Reichspost Of all the branches of the Reich administration, Die Post possessed the most extensive and clearly structured official substructure. It was taken over by the Prussian postal service in 1871 and was divided into the following 3 stages until the destruction of the German Reich in 1945: Since 1880, the new supreme Reich authority had been divided into three departments: Post (I), Telegraph (and soon Telephone) (II) and Personnel, Budget, Accounting and Construction (III). A short time later Stephan was appointed Secretary of State and was thus placed on an equal footing with the heads of the other Imperial Offices established in the meantime. Division III was divided in 1896. General administrative matters were assigned to the new Division III, while Division IV was now responsible for personnel, cash management and accounting. Later, cash and accounting were transferred back to Division III and Division IV retained only personnel matters. From 1919, now as the Reich Post Ministry, a fifth department for radio communications and a sixth for social affairs expanded the organizational structure. Section VI, however, fell away again after inflation in 1924, and at the same time sections III and V exchanged their designations, so that in this section the household, cash register and building trade, in that the telegraph and radio trade were dealt with, while section II was responsible for the telephone trade, initially still united with the telegraph building trade. On 1 June 1926 another department for economic and organisational questions was added, which was formed from the previous economic department. Since 1926 there have been eight departments: Abt. I Postwesen Abt. II Telegraphen- und Fernsprechtechnik und Fernsprachbetrieb Abt. III Telegraphenbetrieb und Funkwesen Abt. IV Personalwesen Abt. V Haushalts-, Kassen, Postscheck- und Bauwesen Abt. VI in Munich, for Bavaria, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VII for Württemberg, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VIII Wirtschaftsabteilung. From 1934 Abt. VI, later referred to as Abt. für Kraftfahrwesen, Maschinentechnik und Beschaffungswesen. From 30.11. 1942 Abt. VII: Independence of all radio and television affairs from Abt. III (since 1940 already under the direct control of State Secretary Flanze [at the same time President of the Reichspostzentralamt] as the "Special Department Fl") Under National Socialist rule in 1938, the Ministry was expanded by a Central Department (Min-Z) for political tasks and questions of personnel management. During the war, a foreign policy department, a colonial department and an eastern department were added. A special division F 1 for broadcasting affairs was also set up temporarily. During the Second World War, the organization of the postal system in the annexed and occupied territories was determined by the nature and intensity of its integration into the National Socialist sphere of power. In the annexed areas, the postal administration was completely taken over by the Deutsche Reichspost. In most occupied territories, on the other hand, the postal services of the respective countries remained unchanged. Next to them, the field post continued to work. A German service post was created in various administrative areas to supply the German occupation authorities, such as the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" (1939-1945), the Netherlands (1940-1945), Norway (1942-1945), the Adriatic and Alpine regions (both 1943-1945), the East and the Ukraine (both 1941-1944). The German service posts "Ostland" and "Ukraine", each under a general postal commissioner, simultaneously provided the business of the "Deutsche Post Ostland" and "Deutsche Post Ukraine", which were fictitious as Landespost. The attempts made by the Reich Ministry of Posts to establish a central management of the intelligence system of all annexed and invaded territories failed because of the principle of the unity of the administration in the respective territory. The Reich Ministry of Posts had a number of specialist offices for the handling of special subjects, such as the field post office, the motor vehicle office, the building administration office and the cheque office. The following departments were directly affiliated or subordinated to the Reich Ministry of Posts: - the General Post Office as the body responsible for the entire administration of the post office and telegraph system - the Postal Money Order Office. From 1 April 1912 it was placed under the control of the Postal Newspaper Office, from 1 January 1918 also under the control of the Berlin Postal Directorate; - the Postal Insurance Commission for Accident and Other Matters, which was transferred to the newly founded Versorgungsanstalt der Deutschen Reichspost on 1 August 1926. With this public corporation, the previously differently regulated supplementary provision for postal staff was standardised: two thirds of the contributions were paid by the Deutsche Reichspost and one third by the insured themselves. - the Reichsamt Telegraph Technical Office, founded in 1920. In 1928, it took over other tasks from the Reich Post Ministry area, such as railway postal issues, postal statistics, training and educational matters, cash and accounting and procurement, and was renamed the Reich Post Central Office - the Reich Post Museum, created in 1872; - the Reich Post Building Inspectorate, formed in 1937 to realize the postal service needs in the structural redesign of Berlin. - the Postal Savings Bank Office in Vienna, which was taken over after the annexation of Austria in March 1938. In direct subordination to the Reich Ministry of Posts, it was responsible for the central account management of the Postal Savings Bank Service after it had been extended to the Old Empire. The "Postschutz", a paramilitary association under the umbrella of the Postal Ministry, had a special position. In June 1935, the Reich leadership of the SS and the Supreme SA leadership agreed on binding regulations regarding the affiliation of postal workers to the SA or SS. The postal service and thus also the postal security service were given priority over 'any use by the SA and SS. The claim for purposes of the SA and SS outside the postal service must not be to the detriment of the proper operation of the postal service', it said. Postal security was uniformed and uniformly armed. The research institute of the Deutsche Reichspost, founded on 1 January 1937, investigated special problems in television technology. The Reichspostforschungsanstalt was responsible for the coordination of all television armaments projects and orders to industry. It dealt with the further development of the research areas for military purposes. The scope of tasks is outlined in a document signed by Ohnesorge: "1. television; 2. general physics, in particular atomic physics, optics, acoustics, electronics; 3. chemistry; 4. special tasks for the four-year plan". The Reichsdruckerei was not integrated into the structure of the Reichspost, but was associated with its top management in personal union. On 1 Apr. 1879 it was placed under the control of the Reichspost- und Telegraphenverwaltung as an independent imperial enterprise. Through its products it maintained very close relations with the Reichspost, since, for example, postage stamps, postal cheques, the Reichskursbuch, etc. were produced for the account of the post office cashier. The Oberpostdirektionen/Reichspostdirektionen The Oberpostdirektionen (OPD) as intermediate authorities between the Berlin headquarters and the post offices were established as early as 1850 in Prussia. After their transfer to the Reichspost, they were among the higher Reich authorities. The Ministry of Postal Affairs has delegated more and more responsibilities to the OPDen, so that their freedom of action grew steadily and they gradually became the focus of the postal administration. 1928 saw the establishment of Managing Directorates of Higher Postal Services, which together assumed responsibility for certain tasks for a district group (= several OPD districts) (e.g. training and education, procurement and utilities). 1934-1945 as Reichspostdirektionen (RPD), they were subject to many changes in their area and in their number. In 1943 there were 51 RPD. The post office cheque offices (established in 1909), the telegraph building offices and the telegraph tool offices (established in 1920) were responsible for several OPD/RPDs and thus also to be regarded as intermediate authorities. The Post Offices The Post Offices, referred to in the area of the Deutsche Reichspost as Verkehrsämter and Amtsstellen, formed the local offices of the lowest level; they were subordinate to the OPD/RPD closest to each other. The local offices included not only the post offices, which were divided into three classes until 1924 (only since 1924 did they have a uniform designation as post offices), but also the post agencies, postal assistance offices, railway post offices, telegraph and telephone offices as well as public pay telephones in the municipalities which were subordinate to them. In 1942 there were about 70,000 such offices and offices in the German Reich. Inventory description: Introduction The history of the Deutsche Reichspost Prehistory up to 1867 Due to the territorial fragmentation of the Reich, a uniform postal system had not been able to develop in Germany. Still in the first half of the 19th century, 17 independent state postal regions existed alongside the "Reichs-Post" of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis, which had already been commissioned by the Emperor in the 16th century to carry out the postal shelf and which had since then operated primarily in the smaller and smallest German territories. The conclusion of treaties between individual Länder of the German Confederation, including the establishment of the German-Austrian Postal Association in 1850, did indeed lead to the unification of postal traffic; however, in 1866 there were still 9 land despatch areas in Germany. The post office in the Kingdom of Prussia had developed into the most important national post office at the national level. The Prussian postal area included the duchy of Anhalt, the principalities of Waldeck-Pyrmont and Oldenburg-Birkenfeld, parts of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Sondershausen, parts of Saxony-Weimar, as well as post offices in Hamburg and Bremen. From 1866 the Duchy of Lauenburg and the Province of Hanover, from 1867 Schleswig-Holstein and the Oldenburg Principality of Lübeck as well as former Bavarian areas in the Rhön, Spessart, the exclave Caulsdorf and from 1 July 1867 the states in Thuringia and Southern Germany which had previously been united in the Thurn und Taxischer Postverein were added. From the North German Confederation to the Foundation of the Reich (1867-1871) The constitution of the North German Confederation of 24 June 1867 declared the postal and telegraph system to be a federal matter. In the structure of the North German postal administration, the upper postal directorates existing in Prussia since 1849 were taken over as central authorities. The Prussian postal system was thus transferred to the Federation and the North German postal administrations were merged into it, so that the Norddeutsche Bundespost (1868-1871) under the leadership of Prussia was the first unified state postal service on German soil. The Federal Chancellery was in charge of its upper management, and the former Prussian General Post Office was integrated into it as Department I. In addition, the Directorate-General for Telegraphs was renamed Division II. The Post Office in the German Reich from 1871 to 1919 The cornerstone of the Deutsche Reichspost was the Reich Constitution of 16 April 1871. The only area of transport in which the Reich was able to directly promote its state and transport policy purposes was the postal and telegraph system. The Reichspost, which was set up as a direct Reich administration, extended its effectiveness to the entire territory of the Reich with the exception of the states of Bavaria and Württemberg, which had the so-called Postreservat granted to them for their internal postal relations. The postal system and the telegraph system, which were still independent at that time, were therefore a matter for the Reich. On 1 January 1876, both administrations merged organizationally with the creation of the "Reichspost- und Telegrafenverwaltung" as the highest authority, consisting of the Generalpostamt and the Generaldirektion der Telegrafen. Both were subject to the postmaster general and formed first the I. and II. Department of the Reich Chancellery. The connection between the postal and telegraph systems created in this way was no longer resolved afterwards. In addition, the postmaster general was removed from the Reich Chancellery and made independent. The Imperial Decree of 23 February 1880 also combined the General Post Office and the General Telegraph Office organisationally. The now established Reichspostamt was thus on an equal footing with the other supreme Reich authorities. He was directed by the Prussian Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan (1831-1897), who had already become the head of the General Post Office in 1870. The new design of the imperial postal system undoubtedly meant progress for traffic development. Economic advancement, the increasing importance of German foreign trade, the acquisition of colonies and the opening up of the oceans, and thus the global political and economic importance of Germany, posed special challenges for the postal service and telegraphy. Under Heinrich von Stephan's leadership, the Universal Postal Union was created in 1874; foreign and colonial post offices began their work. During the 1st World War the field post, which had existed in Prussia since the 18th century during the war, was reactivated. It was subordinate to the Field Chief Postmaster in the Great Headquarters and was subdivided into Army Post Offices, Field Post Inspections, Offices and Stations. In the occupied territories, the Deutsche Reichspost eliminated the state postal administrations there and created its own postal facilities in Belgium, Poland and Romania. The German Post and Telegraph Administration operating in the Baltic States in the postal area of the Supreme Commander East (November 1915 to December 1918; since August 1918: Military Post Office of the Supreme Commander East) was a military office and attached to the Oberost Staff. Weimar Republic (1919-1933) The Reich Constitution of 1919 brought significant progress by unifying the postal and telecommunications systems in the hands of the Reich. In connection with the creation of Reich Ministers with parliamentary responsibility by the law on the provisional power of the Reich of 10 February 1919, the decree of the Reich President of 21 March 1919 laid down the new names of the supreme Reich authorities. The Reichspostamt was also renamed the Reichspostministerium. A further consequence of the state revolution of 1918/19 were the state treaties of 29 and 31 March 1920, which also transferred the postal administrations of Württemberg and Bavaria to the Reich. However, they still retained a certain special position. The Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart was responsible for all internal affairs of the traffic area assigned to it, the State of Württemberg, insofar as they were not generally reserved for the Reich Ministry of Posts, and for Bavaria even a separate Department VII (since 1924 Department VI) was created with its seat in Munich, a State Secretary at the head and the same extensive competence as in the Oberpostdirektion in Stuttgart. The character of the Reichspost was decisively influenced by the Reichs-postfinanzgesetz, which came into force on 1 April 1924. The most important point was the separation of the post office from the rest of the Reich's budget. This made the Deutsche Reichspost economically independent as a special fund of the Reich. The Reichspostfinanzgesetz created the administrative board of the Deutsche Reichspost under the chairmanship of the Reichspost Minister. The Board of Directors had to decide on all significant business, financial and personnel matters. The implementation of the decisions of the Board of Administration was the responsibility of the Minister or the responsible structural parts of the Reich Ministry of Posts. National Socialism (1933-1945) From the outset, the authority left no doubt as to its attitude to National Socialism: "For the Deutsche Reichspost it was a matter of course to put National Socialist ideas into practice with all its might wherever it was possible, and to serve the Führer with all its being and doing". The formal repeal of the Reichspostfinanzgesetz by the Gesetz zur Vereinfachung und Verbilligung der Verwaltung of 27 February 1934 did not change anything about the special asset status of the Deutsche Reichspost, but it brought some fundamental changes. For example, the Administrative Board was dissolved and replaced by an Advisory Board, which had no decisive powers but only an advisory function. The law eliminated both Division VI in Munich and the special position of the Oberpostdirektion Stuttgart, after Hitler had rejected as premature an attempt by the Reichspost and Reich Traffic Minister, Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach, to repeal it, which he had already made in May 1933. From 1 April 1934, the last special agreements of the Reichspost with the states of Bavaria and Württemberg expired, so that it was only from this point on that the "complete uniformity of the postal and telecommunications system in law and administration for the entire territory of the Reich" was established. On 1 October 1934, the Oberpostdirektionen received the designation "Reichspostdirektionen". The offices and offices were subordinated to them. By "Führererlass" of 2 February 1937, the personal union between the Reich Transport Minister and the Reich Post Minister, which had existed since 1932, was abolished and Wilhelm Ohnesorge (1872 to 1962) was again appointed Reich Post Minister. The occasion was the subordination of the Reichsbahn to Reich sovereignty. The unconditional capitulation of Germany at the end of the Second World War also meant the end of the German Reichspost. His written fixation of this fact was found in Articles 5 and 9 of a declaration of the Allied Control Council of June 5, 1945, according to which "all facilities and objects of the ... intelligence ... to hold at the disposal of the Allies' representatives" and "until the establishment of supervision over all means of communication" any broadcasting operation was prohibited. The postal and telecommunications services and the operation of their facilities were finally restarted at different times and separately by the respective Commanders-in-Chief according to the four occupation zones of Germany. The tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost (German Imperial Postal Service) were social and technical progress, as well as the effects of important inventions, which inevitably led to both the quantitative expansion of communication relations and their continuous improvement, right up to the introduction and application of new services in the postal, telegraph and radio sectors. One of the main tasks of the Deutsche Reichspost, the carriage of news items, did not initially extend to all postal items. In the beginning, only closed letters and political newspapers that did not remain in the sender's town were affected by the so-called post compulsion. All open items (especially postcards and printed matter) for a place other than the place of dispatch and letters, parcels etc. for recipients in the place of dispatch could also be collected, transported and distributed by so-called private transport companies. Such "private posts" settled above all in large cities and increasingly opposed the German Reichspost as fierce competitors, for example through lower fee rates. The Reichspost had to get rid of this competition, especially since it was obliged to maintain expensive and sometimes even unprofitable delivery facilities even in the remotest areas of the Reich. The Postal Act Amendment of 20 Dec. 1899 therefore prohibited all commercially operated private post offices in the German Reich from 1 April 1900 and extended the postal obligation to sealed letters within the place of dispatch. The carriage of passengers From time immemorial, Swiss Post also dealt with the carriage of passengers. Before the advent of the railways, passenger transport by stagecoach was the most important means of public transport and, as such, was also part of the postal monopoly in many countries. The expansion of the railway network initially limited this traffic activity of the post office, but after the invention and further perfection of the automobile it gained importance again. Thus, since 1906/07, bus routes have been established ("Postkraftwagen-Überlandverkehr", often also called "Kraftposten" for short). They were expanded mainly in the years 1924 to 1929, so that on 1 April 1929 the Deutsche Reichspost operated almost 2000 Kraftpost lines with an operating length of more than 37,000 km and by that time had already carried 68 million passengers. The enormous economic and technical upswing in Germany after the foundation of the German Empire also meant that the Imperial Post Office and Telegraph Administration had to make use of their cash register facilities for the ever-increasing flow of payment transactions. In addition to the banks, Swiss Post took over the regulation of cashless payment transactions: on 1 January 1909, the postal transfer and postal cheque service was opened in Germany (13 Postscheckkämter). Both the number of accounts and the amount of assets increased steadily in the following decades, with the exception of the two world wars. The banking activity of the Deutsche Reichspost, 'which serves the fulfilment of state activities, not competition with the private sector', was divided into five main branches: postal order service, postal COD service, postal order service, postal transfer and cheque service, postal savings bank service. The latter was introduced only after the annexation of Austria (a post office savings bank had existed here since 1883) on 1 January 1939. Telegraphy and radio telegraphy Although telegraphy was administered by an independent authority equivalent to the general post office before the Reichspost was founded, it had been closely related to the post office since 1854. In that year, in Prussia, the telegraph service in small communities was transferred to the respective postal service. Own telegraph stations usually existed only in cities and larger municipalities, where the operation was profitable. In 1871 there were a total of 3,535 telegraph stations in the German Reich (including Bavaria and Württemberg) with 107,485 km of telegraph lines and an annual output of over 10 million telegrams. By the beginning of the First World War, this figure had been six times higher. In contrast to the USA, where the population quickly made use of telephone traffic, the German public apparently did not initially want to make friends with the new telephone system. As early as 1877, General Postmaster Stephan had the first telephone line set up between the General Post Office in Leipzig and the General Telegraph Office in Französische Straße, and soon thereafter arranged for attempts to be made at longer distances. As late as 1880, however, Stephans' call for participation in a city telephone system in Berlin met with little approval, so that the first local traffic exchange began operations here in January 1881 with only 8 subscribers. However, the advantages of telephone traffic were soon recognised and the spread of the telephone increased rapidly. The 24-hour telephone service was first introduced in Munich in 1884, and Berlin opened its 10,000th telephone station in May 1889. As early as 1896 there were 130,000 "telephone stations" in Germany; in 1920 there were about 1.8 million, in 1930 over 3 million and in 1940 almost 5 million connections. Since the practical testing of Hertzian electromagnetic waves, i.e. since 1895, Swiss Post has paid great attention to the development and expansion of wireless telegraphy. From the very beginning, there was no doubt that the Reichspost was responsible for radio communications (as a type of communication). After the first radio telegraphy devices had been produced in Germany by Siemens and AEG and the first public radio stations had been put into operation in 1890, a regulated radio service began in the German Reich. In the following decades, the Reichspost retained the exclusive right to install and operate radio equipment. However, it was not in a position to carry out all the associated services itself and therefore delegated some of this right to other companies. Thus there were finally 3 groups of radio services: - the radio service operated by the Reichspost with its own radio stations (maritime radio, aeronautical radio), - the radio service operated by companies. The "Transradio AG für drahtlose Überseeverkehr" carried out the entire overseas radio traffic in the years 1921-1932 on behalf of the Deutsche Reichspost. Deep sea radio, train radio and police radio have been granted rights in their fields in a similar manner, - the radio services of public transport carriers such as Reichsbahn, Reichsautobahnen and waterways. Radio and television The exclusive competence for radio broadcasting also extended to radio broadcasting, which was established after the First World War. Legal and organisational issues had to be resolved for this new area of activity of Swiss Post more than for other areas. There are two phases to the relationship between the postal service and broadcasting: a) From 1923 to 1933, the Deutsche Reichspost was responsible for all legislative matters, the issuing of user regulations, the granting of licenses, the fixing and collection of fees, the setting up of transmitters, the technical operation and monitoring of economic management. The Reich Ministry of the Interior, together with the Länder governments, was responsible for the fundamental regulation of the political and cultural issues arising in the course of programme planning. The Reichspost left the broadcasting operations themselves to companies to which it granted a licence. The Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft, founded in 1923, acted as the umbrella organization, in which the Deutsche Reichspost held a major share through a majority of capital and votes and was headed by the Broadcasting Commissioner of the Deutsche Reichspost. b) In 1933, the newly created Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda assumed responsibility for all organizational and managerial issues relating to broadcasting; the Deutsche Reichspost remained only responsible for the cable network and transmitters, for licenses, fee collection and accounting. As a result of the Reichskulturkammergesetz of 22 September 1933, the Reichsrundfunkkammer was at the forefront of broadcasting, in which the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft and several other associations were represented. This marked the beginning of the absolute subordination of broadcasting to the National Socialist dictatorship. The first attempts at television were made in the 1920s, also under the direction of the Deutsche Reichspost. Swiss Post continued to play a major role in the scientific and technical development of television in the following years. After an improved Braun tube had been shown at the Funkausstellung Berlin in 1932, the 1933 annual report of the Deutsche Reichspost described trial television broadcasts in a large urban area as practically feasible. In March 1935, the Deutsche Reichspost set up the world's first public television station at the Reichspostmuseum in Berlin, where the public could follow the reception of the programmes free of charge. The Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda and the Reichsrundfunkgesellschaft (RRG) shared the programming. The Reichspost Ministry subsidiary "Reichspost-Fernseh-GmbH" (since 1939) and the Reichsministerium für Luftfahrt (Reich Ministry of Aviation) were responsible for the transmitters "in view of their special significance for air traffic control and national air protection". The organisation and structure of the Deutsche Reichspost Of all the branches of the Reich administration, Die Post possessed the most extensive and clearly structured official substructure. It was taken over by the Prussian postal service in 1871 and was divided into the following 3 stages until the destruction of the German Reich in 1945: The Reichspostamt / Reichspostministerium Since 1880, the supreme Reichsbehörde has been divided into three departments: Post (I), Telegraph (and soon Telephone) (II) and Personnel, Budget, Accounting and Construction (III). A short time later Stephan was appointed Secretary of State and was thus placed on an equal footing with the heads of the other Imperial Offices established in the meantime. Division III was divided in 1896. General administrative matters were assigned to the new Division III, while Division IV was now responsible for personnel, cash management and accounting. Later, cash and accounting were transferred back to Division III and Division IV retained only personnel matters. From 1919, now as the Reich Post Ministry, a fifth department for radio communications and a sixth for social affairs expanded the organizational structure. Section VI, however, was discontinued after inflation in 1924, and at the same time Sections III and V exchanged their designations, so that in this Section the household, cash register and building trade, in that Section the telegraph and radio trade were dealt with, while Section II was responsible for the telephone trade, initially still combined with the telegraph building trade. On 1 June 1926 another department for economic and organisational questions was added, which was formed from the previous economic department. Since 1926 there have been eight departments: Abt. I Postwesen Abt. II Telegrafen- und Fernsprechtechnik und Fernsprachbetrieb Abt. III Telegrafenbetrieb und Funkwesen Abt. IV Personalwesen Abt. V Haushalts-, Kassen, Postscheck- und Bauwesen Abt. VI in Munich, for Bavaria, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VII for Württemberg, dissolved in 1934 Abt. VIII Wirtschaftsabteilung. From 1934 Abt. VI, later referred to as Abt. für Kraftfahrwesen, Maschinentechnik und Beschaffungswesen. From 30.11. 1942 Abt. VII: Independence of all radio and television affairs from Abt. III (since 1940 already under the direct control of State Secretary Flanze [at the same time President of the Reichspostzentralamt] as the "Special Department Fl") Under National Socialist rule in 1938, the Ministry was expanded by a Central Department (Min-Z) for political tasks and questions of personnel management. During the war, a foreign policy department, a colonial department and an eastern department were added. A special division F 1 for broadcasting affairs was also set up temporarily. During the Second World War, the organization of the postal system in the annexed and occupied territories was determined by the nature and intensity of its integration into the National Socialist sphere of power. In the annexed areas, the postal administration was completely taken over by the Deutsche Reichspost. In most occupied territories, on the other hand, the postal services of the respective countries remained unchanged. Next to them, the field post continued to work. A German service post was created in various administrative areas to supply the German occupation authorities, such as the "Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" (1939-1945), the Netherlands (1940-1945), Norway (1942-1945), the Adriatic and Alpine regions (both 1943-1945), the East and the Ukraine (both 1941-1944). The German service posts "Ostland" and "Ukraine", each under a general postal commissioner, simultaneously provided the business of the "Deutsche Post Ostland" and "Deutsche Post Ukraine", which were fictitious as Landespost. The attempts made by the Reich Ministry of Posts to establish a central management of the intelligence system of all annexed and invaded territories failed because of the principle of the unity of the administration in the respective territory. The Reich Ministry of Posts had a number of specialist offices for the handling of special subjects, such as the field post office, the motor vehicle office, the building administration office and the cheque office. The following departments were directly affiliated or subordinated to the Reich Ministry of Posts: - the General Post Office as the body responsible for the entire administration of the post office and telegraph system, - the Postal Money Order Office. From 1 April 1912 it was subordinated to the Oberpostdirektion Berlin as the postal accounting office from 1 April 1912, - the Postzeitungsamt, from 1 January 1918 also subordinated to the Oberpostdirektion Berlin, - the Postversicherungskommission für Angelegenheiten der Unfall- u.a. -fürsorge, which was transferred to the newly founded Versorgungsanstalt der Deutschen Reichspost on 1 August 1926. With this public corporation, the previously differently regulated supplementary provision for postal staff was unified: two thirds of the contributions were paid by the Deutsche Reichspost and one third by the insured themselves, - the Telegrafentechnische Reichsamt, founded in 1920. In 1928, it assumed further tasks from the Reich Post Ministry, such as railway postal issues, postal statistics, training and teaching matters, cash and accounting and procurement, and was renamed the Reich Post Central Office, - the Reich Post Museum, created in 1872, - the Reich Post Building Inspectorate, formed in 1937 to meet the postal service's needs in the structural redesign of Berlin, - the Postal Savings Bank Office in Vienna, which was taken over after the annexation of Austria in March 1938. In direct subordination to the Reich Ministry of Posts, it was responsible for the central account management of the Postal Savings Bank Service after it had been extended to the Old Empire. The "Postschutz", a paramilitary association under the umbrella of the Postal Ministry, had a special position. In June 1935, the Reich leadership of the SS and the Supreme SA leadership agreed on binding regulations regarding the affiliation of postal workers to the SA or SS. The postal service and thus also the postal security service were given priority over 'any use by the SA and SS. The claim for purposes of the SA and SS outside the postal service must not be to the detriment of the proper operation of the postal service', it said. Postal security was uniformed and uniformly armed. The research institute of the Deutsche Reichspost, founded on 1 January 1937, investigated special problems in television technology. The Reichspostforschungsanstalt was responsible for the coordination of all television armaments projects and orders to industry. It dealt with the further development of research areas for military purposes. The tasks are outlined in a document signed by Ohnesorge: "1. television; 2. general physics, in particular nuclear physics, optics, acoustics, electronics; 3. chemistry; 4. special tasks for the four-year plan". The Reichsdruckerei was not integrated into the structure of the Reichspost, but was associated with its top management in personal union. On 1 April 1879 it was placed under the control of the Reich Post and Telegraph Administration as an independent Reich enterprise. Through its products it maintained very close relations with the Reichspost, since, for example, postage stamps, postal cheques, the Reichskursbuch, etc. were produced for the account of the post office cashier. The Oberpostdirektionen/Reichspostdirektionen The Oberpostdirektionen (OPD) as intermediate authorities between the Berlin headquarters and the post offices were established as early as 1850 in Prussia. After their transfer to the Reichspost, they were among the higher Reich authorities. The Ministry of Postal Affairs has delegated more and more responsibilities to the OPDen, so that their freedom of action grew steadily and they gradually became the focus of the postal administration. 1928 saw the establishment of managing higher postal directorates, which together took over the leadership of a district group (several OPD districts) for certain tasks (e.g. training and education as well as procurement and supply). 1934 to 1945 as Reichspostdirektionen (RPD), they were subject to many changes in their area and in their number. In 1943 there were 51 RPD. The post office cheque offices (formed in 1909), the telegraph construction offices and the telegraph tool offices (set up in 1920) were responsible for several OPD/RPDs and thus also to be regarded as intermediate authorities. The Post Offices The Post Offices, referred to in the area of the Deutsche Reichspost as Verkehrsämter and Amtsstellen, formed the local offices of the lowest level; they were subordinate to the OPD/RPD closest to each other. The local offices included not only the post offices, which were divided into three classes until 1924 (only since 1924 did they have a uniform designation as post offices), but also the post agencies, postal assistance offices, railway post offices, telegraph and telephone offices as well as public pay telephones in the municipalities which were subordinate to them. In 1942 there were about 70,000 such offices and offices in the German Reich. The division into "secret archive" and "secret registry" was characteristic of the registry relations in the RPM until 1928. The general files and most important special files from the "Secret Registry" were transferred to the "Secret Archive", as were historically valuable files from the dissolved postal administrations of the German Länder, so that the "Secret Archive" developed more and more into a selection archive. In contrast, the "secret registry" was the actual general registry of the RPM. It consisted of a frequently changing number of registries. In the mid-twenties there were seventeen of them. The number of registries was greatly reduced by the formation of so-called specialist parties for individual fields of activity, such as Bp (Postbankverkehr) or Zp (Postal Newspapers). On January 1, 1928, a file plan was put into effect in the RPM and a little later in the entire area of the Deutsche Reichspost, the main features of which were still valid in the Deutsche Bundespost and in the Deutsche Post of the GDR until their end. It consisted of eight main groups, which essentially correspond to the present classification of the file stock, here on the basis of the file plan from the year 1938 under consideration of structural conditions of the inventory creator. In the period from 1933 to 1941, the Reich Ministry of Posts had handed over about 2,200 historically valuable file units, which were no longer needed in the service, to the Reich Archives. Towards the end of the war, most of the files, together with other holdings, were moved to the potash shafts near Staßfurt and Schönebeck. They survived the war there without any significant casualties. The files that had not been removed from the Reichsarchiv, above all the partial holdings of the Reichsdruckerei, were burnt during the air raid on Potsdam in April 1945. Losses were also recorded in the files remaining in the various departments of the RPM, in particular in a total of 15 alternative offices in the countryside, where the documents had been successively transferred since 1943, but also in the RPM building itself, which had been severely damaged by several bomb hits in the years 1943 to 1945. The total file loss of the RPM after 1945 was estimated at 2,417 files. The existing files formed the basis for the later named component R 4701 I, which until 1990 was located in the Central State Archives in Potsdam (ZStA) and was transferred to the Federal Archives with German unity. The holdings in the Federal Archives at the time of the retroconversion of the finding aids in 2009 For the period from 1945 onwards, the RPM file holdings must be viewed in a differentiated way, because its four parts have reached the Federal Archives in very different ways and accordingly had received not only their own history of tradition, but also their own finding aids, their own signatures, etc. For example, the letters B, D, GA, and P were used as signature additions, which sometimes proved to be quite impractical, not only in archival practice. For a long time it had been planned to record all parts in a common finding aid book. Since around 1990, the following distinguishing features have been used, but these have hardly had any effect on everyday archival life. Part R 4701 I, formerly R 47.01 - Potsdam until 1990 This is the bulk of the collection stored in the Central State Archives in Potsdam. As a rule, the designation R 4701 I was not used, but only R 4701 with the following signature, formerly R 47.01. This also contained the above-mentioned files with the additional identification letters. This part of the collection, which was outsourced by the Reichsarchiv, was transferred to the then Deutsche Zentralarchiv Potsdam in 1950. The DZA Potsdam received the majority of the files in 1957, 1960 and 1966 from the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications of the GDR, but initially only the old files with a term until 1928 were handed over. The files since the introduction of the file plan in 1928 still remained in the GDR Ministry and were only handed over to the ZStA Potsdam in 1983, but by far not completely (cf. remarks on R 4701 II). In addition, RPM files from former storage sites in Potsdam had also been transferred to the DZA Potsdam in 1961. Also at the beginning of the 1960s, all files that were stored in