History of the Inventory Designer: 1885 Imperial letter of protection issued for the acquisitions of the D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a Gesellschaft, 1885-1890 administration by the D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i kanische Gesellschaft under Carl Peters; 1891 assumption of direct administration by the German Reich; 1916 retreat of the Schutztruppe from the British-Belgian troops and collapse of the German administration; end of the war in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a in November 1918. Inventory description: Inventory history The original inventory Authorities of the German protectorate Deutsch-Ostafrika is located in the National Archive of Tanzania in Dar es Salaam. The Central State Archives in Potsdam had 33 supplementary films for the period 1900 to 1916 made from this stock, some of which were selected. The 5 archive units described in the online find book presumably came with other colonial traditions to the Reichsarchiv and in 1950 to the Deutsches Zentralarchiv in Potsdam. Archivische Bearbeitung (Archive processing) The remaining files recorded in the Central State Archives in Potsdam have been the subject of a search index, whose information was stored in the database of the Federal Archives in 2002. In 2003, a finding aid book (R 1003 FC) was produced for the supplementary inventory films. Content characterization: Imperial Government of Dar es Salaam; Imperial Residences of Bukoba, Gitega, Rwanda, Urundi; Imperial District Branch Office of Umbulu; Imperial Administrative Branch Office of Usumbura; Personal Files. State of development: Findbuch 2003; Online-Findbuch 2005 Citation method: BArch, R 1003/...

Private letters, 1890-1893; travelogues, diary notes, correspondence with Trittelvitz, 1905-1914; manuscripts, fragments, diaries, etc.: "The first visit of German children to Queen Msinga of Rwanda, "Back to Queen Msinga, "Observations on the Characteristics of Natives, 1907-1908; General Correspondence and Monthly Reports, 1927-1929; Bugufi calls us - Bugufi needs us, 1929; Letter of Native Christians from Bukoba to the Bishop of Central Tanzania, 1929; Impressions and thoughts during a journey into the landscapes of Mischenye u. Karagwe, 1929; Questionnaires with personal data and birth dates of 14 children, 1930; "Church Mission Society u. Bethel-Bielefeld Mission in Bukoba, German and English version by E. Johanssen, 1930; Correspondence with E. Johanssen, 1930-1933; death notice and memorial certificate, 1934; correspondence with Martha Johanssen, 1934-1940; "On the 100th birthday of E. Johanssen, 1964; "On the 100th birthday of E. Johanssen, by J. Busse, with the addition of Albrecht sen.., 1971

Correspondence from Ernst

Correspondence, reports and health reports about the mission members living in Africa, 1926-1938; Instructions and vows, 1928; Pictures from the medical work in Bukobalande, 10 p., ms.., 1929; "Im Auto um den Viktoriasee, 1930; "Aus der Hospitalarbeit in Kamachumu, 1931; "Reise nach Rwanda, 17 S. ms., 1931; "Einer der Reichen im Lande (A funeral celebration), 1934; "Etwas vom Alltag, 19 S., ms., 1934; "Inderpraxis in Afrika, 9 S. ms, 1934; "Ärztliche Mission u. Regierung, 9 S. ms., 1936; "Ärztliche Mission u. Volkstum, 16 S. ms., 1936; decision of the church assembly of Buhaya to give Doctor Kröber the honorary name "Mujunangoma(= saviour of the people), 1937; testimony for Doctor Kröber, 1938; report on the work of Doctor Kröber in the service of the Bethel mission, 1938; correspondence with Doctor Kröber in Kirchen an der Sieg (also in the field) and with his family, 1938-1978; obituary for Maria Kröber, née Augustin, 1978

a total of 141 pictures with the following motives: Mbozi, ethnic group; fisherman; church interior; cattle stables; Mbeni, ethnic group; Masai, ethnic group; settlements; churches; animals; Askari; M'kamba, ethnic group; a.o.; Includes photographs of the following persons: Jauer, Sister; Nyagava, Mudimi Johane; Ambonise; Jobu; Scheffler, Friedrich; Breunecke, Director; Nikodemo; Motomnhali; et al. Contains photographs of the following villages: Tanga; Konde; Bwanjilande; Ng'ambo; Kilimandjaro; Lake Nyassa; Nyasaland; Bonya; Hawanga; Kondeland; Nyombe; Tanganyika; Usambara; Livingstoneberge; Sangwe; Moroguro; Dsinga; Rwanda;; Contains also various mission postcards.

History of the Inventor: After the German Reich had abandoned an active colonial policy in the first years of its existence due to foreign policy considerations, this changed in 1884. The colonies Deutsch-Südwestafrika, Togo, Cameroon, Deutsch-Neuguinea, Deutsch-Ostafrika and Samoa, formally referred to as "protectorates", emerged. The governorates of these protectorates established in the following period were first under the control of the Colonial Department in the A u s w ä r t i g e s A m t and finally of the resulting R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . The Kiautschou leasehold in China, acquired in 1898, was subject to the R e i c h s m a r i n e a m t . From the very beginning it was necessary to be able to assert and protect the interests of the empire in the colonies by military force. In the initial phase, this task was performed by ships and landing commands of the Imperial Navy. In the German South Sea colonies this remained so until the end. In the African colonies there was a development of their own. In 1889, a troupe of German volunteers with a contract under an active officer (Captain Curt von François) was formed in D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a , which was initially only to perform police duties. In 1889, in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a, the Reich Commissioner Captain Herrmann Wissmann set up a troop of recruited Africans to suppress the "Arab Uprising" that broke out in 1888. With the law of 22 March 1891 the "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika" was finally formed from volunteers of the army and navy as well as recruited volunteers, followed by the "Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika" and the "Schutztruppe für Kamerun" with the law of 9 June 1895. A protection force for Togo was planned at times, but was not formed, just as there were no protection forces for German New Guinea or Samoa. Only police troops were formed there. In the respective protectorates the governor held the highest military power, the commander of the protection troop was subordinated to him. The protection troops were responsible for maintaining security and public order. At times the individual protection troops were exclusively occupied with the suppression of insurrections of the indigenous population. To this end, some considerable personnel reinforcements were recruited from Germany. The Schutztruppen were first led by the Reichsmarineamt. With the "Gesetz betreffend die Kaiserlichen Schutztruppen in den Afrikanischen Schutzgebieten und die Wehrpflicht daselbst" of 18 July 1896, the Schutztruppen were subordinated to the Reich Chancellor, administered by the Colonial Department in the Foreign Office. In the Colonial Department, the Department M - Military Administration (Command or High Command of the Protection Forces) was responsible. The Prussian War Ministry (Army Department) took over the organizational support. Command affairs were handled by the Director of the Colonial Department, with Division M as his military staff. With the establishment of the R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t by the Most High Decree of 17 May 1907, the command of the Schutztruppen was placed under its control, now as a military command staff with responsible command power. Like the Navy, the Schutztruppen were under the supreme command of the Emperor. Its members were volunteers of the army (or armies of Prussia, Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg) and the navy, who retired from the respective army or navy for the time of their service in the Schutztruppen and then returned there again. The male German population in the protectorates was subject to compulsory military service. The conscripts in the Schutztruppen were able to meet these demands. In 1913 the Schutztruppe included the following personnel: - Command of the Schutztruppe in Berlin: 80 men - Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika: 2758 men (266 Germans, 2492 natives) - Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika: 1970 Mann (German) - Schutztruppe für Kamerun: 1471 Mann (171 German, 1300 indigenous) During the Herero Uprising, the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Südwestafrika's personnel strength in 1907 was approx. 15,000 men. The outbreak of the First World War hit the German colonies unprepared. Defensive measures against other colonial powers had never been seriously considered, the Imperial Government had assumed that in the event of a European conflict the colonies could be kept out of the fighting according to the agreements in the Congo Act of 1885, despite warning voices from the colonies themselves. On 1 August 1914, therefore, only a state of emergency was declared in the protectorates. It was not until mid-August 1914 that mobilization began in the protectorates, but the armed units there (Schutztruppen, police troops, naval units present) were ultimately without a chance compared with the opponents who were far superior in terms of numbers and materials. The following were lost, partly after fierce fighting, partly without a fight: - on 27 August 1914 Togo - on 7 September 1914 Samoa - on 17 September 1914 Deutsch-Neuguinea - on 9 July 1915 Deutsch-Südwestafrika - in February 1916 Cameroon The Kiautschou leasehold area under the control of the Navy had capitulated after heavy fighting on 7 November 1914. It was only in D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a that the Schutztruppe was able to hold its ground to the end and thus bind considerable enemy forces. Their commander, Major General Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, only laid down his weapons on 25 November 1918 on order from Berlin. Processing note: The stock RW 51 was originally created as stock for the "imperial protection troops and other German land forces overseas" and comprised 29 units. In 2010, the documents of the East Asian Expeditionary Corps were extracted and, together with the corresponding new additions, formed the newly created holdings RW 61. Since then, the holdings of RW 51 have consisted exclusively of documents of the Imperial Protection Forces and were subsequently fundamentally revised and developed further. Some new additions were added. Description of the holdings: The collection contains the documents of the Imperial Schutztruppen for D e u t s c h - S ü d w e s t a f r i k a , D e u t s c h - O s t a f r i k a and Cameroon, as well as the command of the Schutztruppen, as far as they are available in the military archives. Characterization of content: The inventory contains only a few real fact files. It consists above all of a compilation of commandos of the Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika from 1907 to 1914, as well as a file of the same commandos with reports of subordinated units and offices from 1916. In addition there are documents on organization and supply in Deutsch-Ostafrika and Deutsch-Südwestafrika and in particular some hand-drawn maps. Only two documents have survived on Cameroon. State of development: The inventory RW 51 was originally created as an inventory for the "imperial protection troops and other German land forces overseas" and comprised 29 units. In 2010, the documents of the East Asian Expeditionary Corps were extracted and, together with the corresponding new additions, formed the newly created holdings RW 61. Since then, the holdings of RW 51 have consisted exclusively of documents of the Imperial Protection Forces and were subsequently fundamentally revised and developed further. Some new additions were added. Pre-archival order: The tradition of the Schutztruppen In the Bundearchiv military archive is purely fragmentary. The Schutztruppen archive in the Heeresarchiv was destroyed during the air raid on Potsdam in April 1945. This applies to the personnel files of the Schutztruppen and to the records in the archives of the Schutztruppen in the colonies themselves. The tradition of the command of the Schutztruppen is essentially in the R 1001 R e i c h s k o l o n i a l a m t . The documents of the protection troops remaining in Africa after the First World War are now in the national archives of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam), Namibia (Windhoek) and Cameroon (Duala). In addition, the Belgian Imperial Archives in Brussels contain documents of the Rwandan Schutztruppen. Films on the documents in Windhoek and Dar es Salaam can be found in the Federal Archives in Berlin. Replacement records of the Schutztruppen and their deployments can be found above all in the documents of the Imperial Navy, which as a rule acted in a supportive capacity or, during uprisings, also issued landing commands. In addition, reference should be made to the tradition of the contingents of protection troops in the respective state archives provided by Bavaria, Saxony and Württemberg. Scope, explanation: 30 AU Citation method: BArch, RW 51/...

Letters to Curt Ronicke from various senders, including Andrea Kyaishozi 1930, Andrea Kajejero 1932, Daniel Muhingo 1933, Joel Kibira 1929, 1930 and others. 1935, Job Kuyonga 1936, Elisabeti Nabuye, Ibwera 1937, Joshua Hermas 1935 and 1938, Emili Kilimasti 1942, Stanislaus Karumuna 1949, Jonathan Karoma, Kanyangereko 1949, Jakobo Ngombe, Lumwe 1949 u. 1950, Matia B. Lutosha 1950, Paulo Nkinda Mazimu, Bumbuli 1950; "The Journey to Rwanda by Joel Kibira, 1930; The Journey to Bukoba by Jakobo Ngombe, 1930; Letter from a Haya woman (Nyabwolo) telling about her life, 1933; Life Story of the Warden in Kamatchumu, Mfizi, 1936; Baptismal Address by Hyob K.., Mlalo 1937 and Himmefahrtsan-sprache, 1933; speech by Andrea Kajejero, 1937; joint letter from community elders

Copy of the contract of the Bethel mission with the Belgian Society for Protestant Mission in Congo concerning the mission stations in Rwanda, 1921; translation of letters by Kirinda-Christians, 1925; interpellation to the Friends of the Mission in Rwanda by Miss. Ernst von der Heyden, 16 p., ms., 1931; "My impressions of the missionary work in Rwanda by Insp. Curt Ronicke, 17 p., ms., 1931; reports to the Belgian Society for Protestant Mission in Congo, 1930-1938; "Relations of the Bethel Mission to Rwanda, 26 p., ms., N. N., 1933; "Life story of the Tutsi with the name Mpfizi recorded in Lupembe 1934, 1972 as copy

Correspondence with Otto Mörchen, 1906-1914; Reports from Rwanda by Otto Mörchen, 1907-1908; Correspondence with Johanna Mörchen, including reports from Kanyangereko and letters from prisoner of war at Camp Oldeano, 1917-1949; Obituary for Johanna Mörchen, 1957; Two cards, watercolours by Johanna Mörchen, o.J.

Correspondence with the mission brothers and sisters and other German families living in East Africa, as well as with the official German, later British administrative offices, 1915-1916; Personal letter of thanks from the commander of the Schutztruppen von Lettow to the Mission zur Herstellung eines Feldliederbücher, 1915; "Christ der Retter ist da! by Gustav von Bodelschwingh, voluntary nurse in Feldlazarett Rwanda, 9 p.., St., Christmas 1915; Martial Law Provisions of the English General Smuts, March/April 1916; Correspondence with the English Political Officer, 1916; Orders of the English War Law for Westusambara, November 1916; Newspaper clippings from English newspapers on the events of the war, 1915-1916

Correspondence concerning Anna Prieser, verehelichte Rascher, 1909-1912; correspondence with and about Wilhelm Rascher, 1909-1968; curriculum vitae, 1910; letters and reports from Kamachumu, Rukajange, Karagwe and others.m, also by Anna Rascher, 1910-1939; translation of a letter from King Yuhi Musinga of Rwanda to the "Great in Germany, 1931; report by Missionary von der Heyden, Kirinda, on the end of the reign of King Yuhi Musinga, 1931; "Karagwe stay, a report, 1932; death notice for Siegwart Rascher (son) of January 1932; so-called "Letter of Silence by Curt Ronicke, 1933; "Report from our language work, 1935; "Agricultural education in Kigarama, 1935; Supernatural ties of Bahaya and the Baha'i. its effects on the communities, by Anna Rascher, 1937; "Wie der Vogel dem König eine Braut freite - ein Hayamärchen von Anna Rascher, 1937; "Afrikanisches Jägerlatein, 1938; "Schädlinge, 1938; Ärztliche Zeugnisse für Eheleute Rascher, 1939; contribution to the response of C. J. Hellberg asked questions about the earlier conditions in Uganda and Rwanda by Wilhelm Rascher, 1956; death announcement for Anna Rascher, née Prieser, 1962; death announcement for Wilhelm Rascher, 1966