Preliminary remark: A council of soldiers was probably formed in Stuttgart as early as the first days of November 1918. One of them appeared publicly on 9 November under the leadership of the deputy officer Albert Schreiner, who became the first minister of war in the Bios government on the evening of the same day. In some garrisons, such as Ulm and Ludwigsburg, soldiers' councils were formed before the workers' councils. At the suggestion of several soldiers' councils, delegates from the Württemberg garrisons met for a first state assembly on 17 November under the chairmanship of the new "Head of Warfare" Ulrich Fischer. It decided to form a seven-member state committee, in which the larger locations each sent a representative. The second state assembly on 11 / 12 December expanded the state committee to 21 members and adopted provisions for the Württemberg soldier councils. In addition to the statutes issued by the government for the workers', peasants' and soldiers' councils of 14 December, they formed the organisational basis for all the soldiers' councils within Württemberg. After that, like the workers and peasants councils, they were recognized as the revolutionary foundation of the new system of government, but the executive power should lie exclusively with the government and the traditional authorities. Only at the lowest level were the company councils directly elected, which then met in the next higher level as the battalion council and elected a committee for day-to-day business. This system continued upwards. At the top was the "Soldiers' Council for Württemberg", to which the individual garrison councils sent one delegate per 500 military personnel. They met in the regional assembly and appointed the regional committee, whose chairman was Sergeant Fridolin Wicker22. November 1918 - 25/27 February 1919Deputy official Willy Bettinger25/27 February - 1 June 1919Landwehrmann Typesetter Wilhelm Hitzlerab 1 June 1919Second chairman was Landsturmmann Gastwirt Albert Schaffler.the Landesausschuss, largely composed of members of the (majority) Social Democratic Party, dismissed individual representatives as shop stewards in the departments of the War Ministry, Generalkommandos, etc. In particular, there was a good relationship with the last minister of war, Herrmann, so that the state committee was able to influence Württemberg's military policy until the early summer of 1919 and assert the rights of the soldiers' councils. In special cases, such as during the riots in April 1919, the state committee of the workers' and peasants' councils and the state committee of the soldiers' councils met for joint meetings.The "Provisions on the Reconstruction of the Württemberg People's Army", drawn up among other things by the State Committee, sought to incorporate rights of participation and forms of organisation of the councils into the new Army Constitution of the Republic, which, however, was not applied in view of the different concept for the Reichswehr. Rather, the local soldier councils were abolished after the dissolution of the old army on 30 June 1919. Only seven members of the state committee remained until 30 September. As early as April 1919, Dr. Erich Troß, who had had to interrupt his training for the Bavarian archival service due to the war and who at the time was engaged in reconnaissance work for the Landesausschuss der Soldatenräte, had suggested that the records of the Württemberg councils and other suitable documents should be brought together to form a "revolutionary archive". The two state committees immediately took up this proposal, so that in May "Provisions on the Establishment of a Württemberg Revolutionary Archive" could be agreed with Troß. The request to the subordinate councils to also deliver to this archive has been largely complied with by the garrison councils, with the exception of some workers' and peasants' councils. Only in one case does this also apply to the soldiers' councils of the troops, since their records often reached the Reichsarchiv branch in Stuttgart together with the documents of the troops themselves and are now contained in the M holdings of the Hauptstaatsarchiv. Moreover, Troß was only able to devote a short time to his self-imposed task because he was employed as an editor by the Frankfurter Zeitung. In 1920 the material, which had grown up until then, was handed over to the (today's) Main State Archives and in 1921 it was indexed by a provisional finding aid - probably by Eugen von Schneider. Both this repertory and the relevant files were destroyed in an air raid in 1945. Probably time-related reasons prevented the inclusion of the holdings in the printed general survey in 1937, so that it was only after the Second World War, in accordance with the self-conception of the two state committees, that the holdings of e-possessions were moved in directly behind the holdings of the State Ministry under the signature E 135.In 1957, Robert Uhland again produced a cursory find book, but he assumed that at a later date a detailed indexing and order had to be carried out. When the councils around 1975 found the special interest of historical research and started preparations for the 1918 exhibition of the Main State Archives in 1978, such a comprehensive indexing appeared all the more urgent. However, this could only be carried out with multiple interruptions, mostly within the framework of the training of the trainee officers and mainly the aspiring inspectors. In 1985, the re-drawing of the entire collection was completed, so that a breakdown by provenance was possible. Since then, the documents of the National Committee of the Workers' and Farmers' Councils and some subordinate local councils, i.e. essentially the former tufts 64 - 86, have formed stock E 135a, while the former tufts 1-63 have been combined to form the present stock. The structure of both stocks was developed in the lessons of the 1986 year class of prospective inspectors. The final order and the editing of the finding aid book for E 135b followed in 1989/90; the computer-assisted printout was produced by Hildegard Aufderklamm in the State Archives Ludwigsburg. Initially, no great importance was attached to the written form, but later, in any case, a part of the incoming and outgoing letters in circulation seems to have come to the attention of the individual members. This also applies in general to the subordinate garrison councils. The uniqueness of the tradition seemed to justify a more or less sheet-wise distortion, so that from the mentioned, hardly ordered original clusters about 6000 title recordings grew. After the provenienzgerechte separation also within the individual soldier councils the mostly very small tufts of the same subject could be united in many cases, so that the stock now comprises 1429 tufts in 3.4 shelf meters. Including the Ministry of War, there does not seem to have been any written document regulations in use in the contemporary Württemberg administration that could be applied to the councils in view of their comprehensive competence. The present inventory classification was therefore created inductively on the basis of factual aspects as they arose on the basis of the preserved material, mostly consisting of factual documents. Only the order of the military subjects in the narrower sense was based on the "Einheitsaktenplan für den Bereich der Heeresleitung und des Ministeramts", Berlin 1931: According to the tectonics of the two state archives in Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg, the individual provenances of the "Revolution Archive" should have been assigned to the E, F and M holdings. On the other hand, it seemed appropriate to maintain the original context as it was given by the delivery as a whole to the Central State Archives. The tradition of the garrison councils has therefore been inserted - parallel to that of the local workers' and peasants' councils - as an appendix to the inventory of the National Committee of Soldiers' Councils and has been developed in the same way. Nevertheless, the diversity of the main activities of the National Committee should still become apparent. General discussions and considerations, disputes and disputes, as they were primarily presented in the state assemblies and the meetings of the state committee, are to a large extent reprinted at: Regionale und lokale Räteorganisationen in Württemberg 1918/19, edited by Eberhard Kolb and Klaus Schönhoven (Quellen zur Geschichte der Rätebewegung in Deutschland 1918/19, II), Düsseldorf, n. J.This work also contains numerous short biographies of the political events of the time involved.Ludwigsburg, in March 1991Cordes

Contains: Telegram of Emperor Wilhelm II. concerning visit of the torpedo boats in Cologne, municipal telegram of thanks (April 1900); board of directors of the Marine-Verein Köln; drafts, deliberations in an own formed commemorative committee concerning the programme for the visit of the torpedo boat division (9. April 1900, with letter of apology, among others from Louis Hagen because of the death of his father-in-law); letter of the Viceadmiral Alfred von Tirpitz to Oskar Hamm, to the city and the president of the government concerning the dispatch of the torpedo boats, dates, arrival in Cologne (April 1900); letter of Albert Heimann, Cölner Club, concerning the invitation of the officers to a party in the club; Correspondence with the chief president and the hydraulic engineering inspection; correspondence with the German Fleet Association, office of the district Mülheim/Ruhr concerning the offer of the company Mathias Stinnes to make available to the torpedo boats competent seamen familiar with the Rhine river conditions; Formation of a ceremonial committee, programme (with printing of the programme in the newspaper); correspondence with the Division Head Lieutenant Captain Funke concerning the programme, meeting at Niehl (with list of officers and teams); invitation to the heads of authorities and clubs, composition of a reception committee; Inquiry of the city of Rüdesheim concerning the festivities planned by Cologne, inquiry Mülheim/Ruhr concerning the exact time of the passage of the boats in Mülheim; invitation to the banquet and Kommers in the Gürzenich, invitation of the festive committee to the collection of the boats (30. April, 1. May, with participant card, print); telegrams of the Division, Funke, concerning arrival in Cologne; military orders of the fortress governorate (1. May 1900); letter from Hamm to Piecq concerning Gürzenich cards for the Colonial Society; donation of sparkling wine by the Söhnlein company

The Presidents of the State District of Baden: With the decree of the American military government of 13 July 1945, the emeritus literary scholar Prof. Dr. Karl Holl was appointed Chief President of the Landeskommissarbezirk Mannheim. His work remained limited in the first few weeks to Mannheim and the surrounding area. Karlsruhe was initially under French occupation. By reorganizing the French and American zones, the Americans extended Holl's sphere of competence to the Baden part of the newly formed state of Württemberg-Baden. On September 3, 1945, Holl was released in the course of an American denazification measure. On September 10 Dr. Heinrich Köhler was appointed. While the individual ministries of the state of Württemberg-Baden in Stuttgart communicated with the Württemberg authorities without intermediate authority, in the American zone of the Baden state territory the state district administration of Baden was interposed, with the exception of the organisation of the administration of justice, which consisted of five departments: President - Internal administration - Labour, social affairs and reconstruction - Cult and education - Finance. The documents of these departments were included in the files of the later Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe. With the death of Heinrich Köhler on 6 February 1949, the time of a full-time state district president in Baden was over. The position of state district president was only filled on a provisional basis. In this function, Gustav Zimmermann initially held office until his death on August 1, 1949. Until January 11, 1951, Dr. Edmund Kaufmann also served only briefly as provisional state district president. He was succeeded by Ministerial Director Dr. Hans Unser until his death on 27 November 1951. The last president was Dr. Hermann Veit. The formation of the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952 with the establishment of the four administrative districts unified the administrative division in the new federal state. Tasks and powers of the President: The individual departments of the state district administration were responsible for the specialist tasks. The President, who was able to intervene in the competence of the departments, reserved the right to participate in all fundamental matters as well as in the appointment and promotion of civil servants. In March 1947 the course of business of the presidential office was reorganised. President Köhler reserved the right to sign in draft and in execution all decisions of fundamental and political importance, certain decisions in personnel matters, all matters reserved by the President for signing, all lectures to the State Ministry and letters to the Ministries in Stuttgart. In 1950, the then President Dr. Kaufmann reorganised his competences and tasks within the Baden district administration. He stressed that he should be involved in all administrative matters of fundamental, political and financial importance. In addition, all personnel matters of fundamental or political importance were reserved for the President. The other competences of the President are resolutions of fundamental, political, organisational and financial importance for the district of Baden or which affect the business activities of all the regional district directorates, complaints of official oversight, draft budget for information, notification of budget overruns of a certain amount, representation of the district administration in its entirety, certification of subsidies in excess of DM 200, publication of the official gazette of the district of Baden. Structure and organization of the Presidential Department: In 1947, the Presidential Department was divided into two departments: Department 1: Head of Service, Presidential Affairs, County Council Affairs, State Ministerial Affairs, Representation Affairs, Legal Affairs, Presidential Staff, Motor Affairs, Press Affairs, Official Gazette of the County Administration, Correspondence on more important matters and those of fundamental importance from Department 2. Unit 2: Civil servants' and salaried staff's rights and collective bargaining regulations for civil servants and public sector workers (general), appointment and dismissal of civil servants and recruitment of employees, right to travel and removal expenses (general), State budget matters, factual and personal expenditure of the Bureau, co-administration of representation matters, disposition funds, certifications (legalisation of documents), special mandates of the President, deputisation for Unit 1.A slightly different picture was provided by the business distribution plan of 5 May 1950. The tasks of the Presidential Office were now divided into three units. Unit 1 was called "President", Unit 2 "Legal Unit", Unit 3 "Human Resources and Budget Unit". Traditional history: The written records of the presidential office of the president of the state district of Baden are always singular if they were created within the exclusive competence of the personally small presidential office, i.e. for representation matters, contacts with the press, approval of support, various honours and partly in personnel matters. A typical feature of a large part of the files is the numerous newspaper clippings that they contained, which served to inform the President. This collection forms a unique source for the immediate post-war period. Not only does it document the structure of the German administration in the North Baden area and the beginnings of the new state structure in the German southwest, but it also reflects the misery and the manifold problems faced by the population, administration and politics in view of the catastrophic consequences of the war and the collapse, and the way in which they were coped with. The registry of the president of the Baden district filed the documents in accordance with the Badische Amtsregistraturordnung by H. Fackler (1905). The main headings of this classification were retained in the reorganisation of the stock. Further literature: The President of the State District of Baden (1945-1952). President's Office. Inventory of the holdings 481 in the General State Archive Karlsruhe. Edited by Jürgen Treffeisen, Stuttgart 1997 (Booklets of the State Archive Administration Baden-Württemberg. Published by the Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg. Series E General State Archive Karlsruhe Issue 1). Conversion of the finding aid: The inventory 481 was ordered and recorded by Dr. Jürgen Treffeisen in the years 1991 to 1993. He provided the finding aid book with a detailed account of the history of the authorities, which is still valid and on which the abridged explanations in this finding aid are based, and a detailed report by the editor. The inventory was printed in 1997. The indexing data for inventory 481 were transferred to the software ScopeArchiv as part of the project "Conversion of old finding aid data" of the General State Archive Karlsruhe, which was carried out by Guido Fögler in the years 2006-2008, in order to be able to produce an online finding aid from it. The project was supervised by Alexander Hoffmann, who - apart from very little remaining work by the undersigned - also took over the final editing of the converted finding aids. Because corrections had to be made and supplements inserted, the converted finding aid replaces the content of the old finding aid book from 1993 and the printed inventory from 1997.Karlsruhe, January 2011Dr. Martin Stingl

Contains: Letter to arrow about his participation in the congress - Program - Report about the negotiations of the congress - Handwritten notes arrow

Contains: 3 letters from the publisher about providing colonial historical illustrative material by arrow

Günther Hecht: Colonial question and racial thought. Series of the racial policy. Amtes, H. 16, 36 p., Dr., 1939; Nine Theses of the Office of Racial Policy on Colonial Politics, copy from Prussia. Newspaper, No. 6, January 1939; Letter of the Colonial Political Office concerning the road conditions in Southwest and South Africa and reply with statement of the Addresses of local missionaries, 1941

Bayerische diplomatische Vertreter lassen sich an der Kurie bis zum Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts zurückverfolgen. Demgemäß reichen auch die Akten der bayerischen Vertretung beim päpstlichen Stuhl bruchstückweise bis zum Jahre 1606 zurück. Von geschlossenen Beständen kann man freilich erst seit der Amtszeit des Gesandten Marchese dAntici sprechen, der ab 1769 Vertreter der Kurpfalz, sodann des Herzogtums Zweibrücken und seit 1776 auch von Kurbayern in Rom war. Nach der fluchtartigen Aufgabe des Gesandtenpostens durch dAntici im Jahre 1798 anlässlich der Besetzung Roms durch die französischen Truppen war Kurpfalzbayern ohne diplomatischen Vertreter in Rom. Erst zu Ende des Jahres 1803 wurde wieder eine bayerische Vertretung eingerichtet, die zunächst die Bezeichnung "Churpfalzbaierische Mission in Rom" führte. Infolge der Einverleibung des Kirchenstaats in das französische Empire durch Napoleon I. war sie in der Zeit von 1810-1815 abermals unterbrochen. Seit der Neubeglaubigung des Gesandten Freiherrn von Haeffelin im August 1815 bestand sie ohne Unterbrechung fort bis zu ihrer Aufhebung am 30. Juni 1934, die durch die nationalsozialistische Reichsregierung aufgrund des Gesetzes über den Neuaufbau des Reiches von 30. Januar 1934 erfolgte. Der Name der Gesandtschaft, der nach der Erhebung Bayerns zum Königreich im Jahre 1806 zunächst "Bayerische Gesandtschaft in Rom" lautete, wurde nach der Einverleibung Roms in das Königreich Italien im Jahre 1870 in "Bayerische Gesandtschaft beim päpstlichen Stuhl" umgewandelt. Seit 31. Mai 1930 lautete die amtliche Bezeichnung in Angleichung an die Namensführung der übrigen bei der Kurie beglaubigten diplomatischen Vertretungen "Bayerische Gesandtschaft beim Heiligen Stuhl". Während der Unterbrechung der offiziellen diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Bayern und dem päpstlichen Stuhl in den Jahren 1798-1803 und 1810-1815 waren für den bayerischen Hof Agenten in Rom tätig. Bei der Erkrankung des Gesandten Freiherrn von Guttenberg im Jahre 1909 übernahm der preußische Gesandte beim päpstlichen Stuhl in der Zeit vom 21. April bis 27. Oktober die vertretungsweise Führung der Geschäfte der bayerischen Gesandtschaft. Durch den Kriegseintritt Italiens im Mai 1915 war der Gesandte genötigt, den Sitz der Gesandtschaft von Rom nach Lugano in der neutralen Schweiz zu verlegen. Erst zur Jahreswende 1919/1920 erfolgte die Rückverlegung der Gesandtschaft nach Rom. Der bayerische Gesandte beim päpstlichen Stuhl vertrat verschiedentlich auch die Interessen von Staaten, die keinen eigenen diplomatischen Vertreter dort beglaubigt hatten, so die von Württemberg und Baden in der Zeit um 1808, von Griechenland nach der Errichtung eines selbstständigen Königreichs bis zur Entsendung eines eigenen Gesandten, ferner in der 2. Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts hin und wieder die Belange des Königreichs Sachsen. Demgemäß finden sich einschlägige Vorgänge in den Beständen der bayerischen Gesandtschaften. Da sie zumeist mit den bayerischen Akten unmittelbar zusammenhängen, konnte eine Aussonderung der betreffenden Stücke nicht durchgeführt werden. Auch mit den Angelegenheiten des souveränen Malteser-Ordens, mit dem Bayern keine eigenen diplomatischen Vertreter austauschte, wurde die Gesandtschaft beim päpstlichen Stuhl betraut. In der Zeit von Ende Juni 1851 bis 1. Dezember 1865 war der bayerische Gesandte in Rom gleichzeitig an den Höfen von Turin und Neapel beglaubigt. Soweit es ohne Zerreißung der Zusammenhänge geschehen konnte, wurden die Registraturen gesondert. Bei gemeinsam behandelten Angelegenheiten sind stets auch die Bestände dieser beiden Gesandtschaften heranzuziehen. Die Akten der Gesandtschaft in Rom aus der Zeit bis 1798 gehörten bisher zum Bestand Kasten schwarz des Geheimen Staatsarchivs und umfassten vornehmlich Kasten schwarz 509 und 510. Der Bestand der Jahre 1803-1934 war bislang überhaupt nur in seinem älteren Teil, den sogenannten Haeffelinschen Akten (Kasten grün 33-38), grob geordnet. Diese stammten von einer Ministerialabgabe des Jahres 1906. Der größere Teil der Gesandtschaftsregistratur kam kurz vor Aufhebung der Gesandtschaft im Juni 1934 als amtlich versiegeltes Gesandtschaftsgut unmittelbar von Rom nach München an das Geheime Staatsarchiv. Ein paar Akten wurden im Juli 1936 noch nachträglich von der Bayerischen Staatskanzlei dem Geheimen Staatsarchiv zugewiesen. Der gesamte Bestand wurde nunmehr nach den in der "Archivalischen Zeitschrift" Band 46 (1950) dargelegten Richtlinien neu geordnet. Fehlende Stücke wurden kaum festgestellt, der äußere Zustand war bis auf einige wenige Stücke gut. Vernichtet wurden nur Blätter, aus denen weder der sachliche Inhalt noch der Name der behandelten Person erkennbar war, ferner die Ein- und Auslaufstagebücher (Journale). Dem Missstand, dass mehrmals in Schreiben des Gesandten verschiedene Fälle behandelt wurden, wurde durch entsprechende Verweise zu begegnen versucht. Bei den Zeitungsausschnitten, die namentlich von den beiden letzten Gesandten in größeren Umfang als Unterlagen für ihre Berichte gesammelt wurden, finden sich vornehmlich folgende Abkürzungen: BK = Bayerischer Kurier Corr = Corriere dItalia KV = Kölnische Volkszeitung KZ = Kölnische Zeitung M = Messaggero MNN = Münchner Neueste Nachrichten OR = LOsservatore Romano T = Tribuna VB = Völkischer Beobachter Um das Personenverzeichnis nicht zu überfüllen, wurden hektographierte Listen französischer kriegsgefangener Offiziere in Bayern der Jahre 1870/71 (Nr. 2753) nicht aufgenommen. Für die freundliche Unterstützung bei der Lesung einiger italienischer Schriftstücke bin ich den Herren Kollegen Dr. A. Stengel und Dr. B. Zittel zu Dank verpflichtet. Das Register wurde von Fräulein Dr. v. Hoermann angefertigt. Edgar Krausen Reinschrift: Marianne Neudek Nr. 1-421, Ingeborg Thal Im Dezember 1951 Ergänzende Anmerkungen: Bei der Anlage des Repertoriums der Bayerischen Gesandtschaft beim Päpstlichen Stuhl wurde die ältere Gesandtschaftsregistratur aus dem Bestand Kasten schwarz 509/1-5 und 510/1-4 herausgenommen und im neuen Repertorium unter "Politischer Schriftwechsel" und an anderen Stellen verzeichnet. Die Objekte mit den Signaturen 3001-3010 wurden ebenfalls der Gesandtschaftsregistratur aus dem Bestand Kasten schwarz entnommen. Sie sind im Findbuch nur sehr allgemein erschlossen. Allerdings liegt im Repertorienzimmer ein detaillierter Ergänzungsband zu diesen Akten vor, der insbesondere Kopien von Schlagwortverzeichnissen und Betreffsregistern enthält, die Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts angelegt wurden. Sie stammen aus dem Akt Gesandtschaft Päpstlicher Stuhl 485 mit dem Betreff "Registraturverzeichnis der Gesandtschaft".