1st Biographical Information on Wolfgang Kapp Wolfgang Kapp was born in New York on July 24, 1858, the son of the lawyer Friedrich Kapp, who had played an important role in the bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1848 and had to emigrate to the United States because of his participation in the Baden uprising. Wolfgang Kapp's mother was Louise Engels and was the daughter of the Major General and Commander of Cologne Engels. The family was originally called d'Ange and immigrated from France to Germany in 1687 after the Edict of Nantes. In 1870 Friedrich Kapp returned to Germany with his family; he lived in Berlin and was a national liberal, later a liberal member of the Reichstag from 1872-1877 and 1881-1884; he also worked as a renowned historian. Friedrich Kapp died in 1884, his son Wolfgang studied in Tübingen and Göttingen. He completed his studies in 1880 with a doctorate. Probably in 1881 Wolfgang Kapp married Margarete Rosenow, the daughter of a landowner in Dülzen (district Preußisch Eylau). After his marriage Kapp seems to have familiarized himself with the administration of a large agricultural business on his father-in-law's estate, because it was not until 1885 that he began his actual professional career as a trainee with the government in Minden. In 1886 he joined the Ministry of Finance, Department II, Administration of Direct Taxes, as a government assistant. From 1890 to 1899 he was district administrator in Guben. In 1890, at the beginning of his time as district administrator, Kapp bought the Rittergut Pilzen estate near the Rosenov estate and thus entered the circle of the East Prussian Great Agrarians. Out of his interest for the interests of agriculture a work of agricultural policy content arose in Guben, which attracted a great deal of attention in the Ministry of Agriculture, so that an appointment as a government council followed in 1900. Kapp was appointed to the I. Dept. Administration of Agricultural and Stud Affairs, Department of Agricultural Workers' Affairs, but during the era of Reich Chancellor von Bülow as Commissioner of the Prussian Ministry of Agriculture he was primarily active in the preparation of the customs tariff of 1902 and in the initiation of the new trade agreements of 1904-1906. Kapp gained his first foreign policy experience in negotiations with representatives of foreign countries. Kapp soon gained a closer relationship with the then Reich Chancellor von Bülow, with whom he shared similar political views. During his time at the Ministry of Agriculture, Kapp seems to have had ambitious plans for his future professional and political career and at least aspired to the position of district president. That his plans went even further can be seen from the recording of a conversation between Kaiser Wilhelm II and the General Field Marshal von der Goltz, in which the possibility of Kapp's successor in the Reich Chancellery was considered. However, this conversation, whose date lies between 1909 and 1911, took place at a time when Kapp had already left the Prussian civil service. The reason for his resignation from the Ministry of Agriculture seems to have been his annoyance at not taking his person into account when appointing district presidents. On 5 April 1906, the East Prussian countryside elected the owner of the Pilzen manor as general landscape director. It is very characteristic of Kapp's personality under what circumstances he became known in East Prussia through a trial he conducted against the landscape. The landscapes of the Prussian provinces were self-governing bodies and as such primarily representations of landowners. But the landscape also served as a representative body for state fiscal policy. Its real task, of course, lay outside the political sphere in granting credit to cooperatives. However, the credit policy has had a decisive influence on the distribution of property and the social structure of the provinces and has thus had political repercussions. Through the incorporation of agricultural banks and fire societies in the 19th century, the landscapes had become efficient organisations at provincial level. Kapp took on the new tasks with his own vehemence. He continued the landscape in the specified direction, primarily by developing the branch network of the Landschaftsbank, by merging the landscape with the East Prussian Feuersozietät, by granting more loans, particularly for small property, and by increasing the landscape funds. His policy was aimed at freeing agriculture, which was in a serious crisis at the beginning of the 20th century, from its dependence on state aid and enabling it to help itself by means of credit policy measures. In the course of these efforts, Kapp tackled three major tasks. First and foremost the question of agricultural debt relief, which the Prussian state initiated in 1906 with the law on the debt limit. Kapp was the first to try to make this framework law effective from the initiative of the parties themselves without further state aid by showing different ways of debt relief. The inclusion of life insurance as a means of reducing debt proved particularly effective. Instead of debt repayment, the premium payment was made to an agricultural life insurance company. This ensured that a certain amount of capital was available for debt reduction in the event of death. The second task resulted from the former. The desire to combine public-law life insurance with debt relief necessitated the creation of a number of public-law life insurance institutions, which were merged into an association chaired by Kapp. These facilities were especially designed to prevent the outflow of premium money from the countryside to the large cities, where it had been used especially for the construction of tenements. However, the outflow of capital was only one danger, the other was the rural exodus that began in the 19th century. He tried to strengthen small agricultural holdings with a colonization and agricultural workers' bill, which was accepted by the General Landtag in 1908. This measure was based on the recognition of the untenability of the institution of instants and deputants, who were in the closest dependence on the lord of the manor and who emigrated from this situation in masses to the large cities, where they strengthened the ranks of the industrial proletariat. The organ for settlement policy should be a landscaped settlement bank. The third task that Kapp set himself was the creation of a public-law national insurance scheme following the public-law life insurance scheme. This measure was primarily directed against the Volksversicherungsanstalt "Volksfürsorge", created by the Social Democrats, and was intended to secure capital for agricultural workers to buy their own farms by means of abbreviated insurance. These plans did not lead to the hoped-for success, but ended in a bitter feud with the private insurance companies, especially the Deutsche Volksversicherungs-Aktiengesellschaft. In addition to his functions within the East Prussian landscape, Kapp was also active in various other bodies. In December 1906 he was appointed to the Stock Exchange Committee of the Reichsamt des Innern and in 1912 to the Supervisory Board of Deutsche Bank. The First World War gave Kapp's life and work a whole new direction. Kapp's biography is too little researched to judge how far he had buried his ambitious plans, which apparently pushed him to the top of the Reich government, or postponed them only for a better opportunity. Although Kapp had been a member of the German Conservative Party since at least 1906, he did not take the path of an existing party to make a political career. This path probably did not correspond to his personality, described as authoritarian, ambitious and independent. He made the great leap into high politics through his sensational conflict with Reich Chancellor von Bethmann Hollweg. In his memo of 26 May 1916 "Die nationalen Kreise und der Reichs-Kanzler", which he sent to 300 public figures, including Bethmann Hollweg himself, he sharply criticised what he considered to be the weak policy of the Reich Chancellor, to whom he v. a. accused him of his alleged pacting with social democracy, his reluctance to America and his rejection of the unrestricted submarine war demanded by extremely militaristic circles, but also of a false war economic policy. The sharp reaction of Bethmann Hollweg, who spoke in a Reichstag session of "pirates of public opinion", among others, who abused "with the flag of the national parties", Kapp perceived as a personal affront to which he reacted with a demand for a duel. On the contrary, Kapp had to take an official reprimand and his re-election as General Landscape Director, which had taken place in March 1916 on a rotational basis, was refused confirmation by the Prussian State Ministry. Since his friends held on to Kapp in the East Prussian landscape, he was re-elected in 1917. This time - since Bethmann Hollweg had been overthrown in the meantime - he was able to take up his post as general landscape director again. At first, the events of 1916 led him even more into politics. Here he expressed solidarity with a circle of extremely reactionary and aggressive military forces around General Ludendorff and Grand Admiral von Tirpitz, who pursued a ruthless internal perseverance policy that tightened up all the forces of the people and a policy of unrestrained annexation and total warfare towards the outside world. Emperor Wilhelm II, who in principle sympathized with this extreme direction, had to refrain from supporting this group out of various considerations of public opinion and the negative attitude of the party majorities in the Reichstag. Kapp and his comrades-in-arms assumed in their political ambitions the complete certainty of the German final victory. They closed their eyes to the already looming possibility of defeat for Germany, especially after America entered the war. The war and peace goals they represented, especially the annexation plans at the expense of Russia and Poland, which were later only surpassed by Hitler, were marked by uncontrolled wishful thinking that in no way corresponded to objective reality. His extreme attitude drove Kapp into a blind hatred against any social and democratic movement; his fierce opposition against social democracy was mainly based on the legend of the dagger thrust against the imperialist Germany struggling to win. This military and National Socialist sharpening, for which Kapp found moral and financial support in certain circles of military leadership, but also among a number of university professors, writers, local politicians, agriculturalists, industrialists and bankers, culminated in the founding of the German National Party, which took place on 2 September 1917 (the "Sedan Day") in the Yorksaal of the East Prussian landscape. Although Kapp was clearly the spiritus rector of this "collection party", two other persons were pushed into the foreground, intended for the eyes of the public: These were the Grand Admiral von Tirpitz as 1st chairman and Duke Johann Albrecht von Mecklenburg as honorary chairman of this party. The German Fatherland Party did not seek seats in the Reichstag, but saw itself as a pool of national forces to bring about Germany's final victory. The statute provided for the immediate dissolution of the party once its purpose had been achieved. In addition to mobilising all forces to achieve military victory, Kapp's founding of the party also had another purpose that was not made so public. Tirpitz, then 68 years old, was to be launched as a "strong man" to replace the "weak" chancellors Bethmann Hollweg and Michaelis. It was obvious that in this case Kapp would join the leadership of the imperial government as advisor to the politically ultimately inexperienced Grand Admiral. The November Revolution of 1918 and the immediate surrender of Germany put an abrupt end to these lofty plans. But Kapp and his friends did not admit defeat. Although the German Fatherland Party was dissolved in December 1918, it was immediately replaced by a new party, the German National People's Party, which developed into a bourgeois mass party during the Weimar Republic, but no longer under Kapp's leadership. After the fall of the Hohenzollern monarchy, Kapp immediately opposed the revolution and the Weimar Republic. He could not or did not want to accept the social and political conditions that had arisen in the meantime; his goal was clearly the restoration of pre-war conditions. The sources, which were only incomplete at that time, do not show when the idea of a coup d'état was born and how the conspiracy developed in all its branches. A close associate of Kapp's, Reichswehrhauptmann Pabst, had already attempted a failed coup in July 1919. Together with Kapp, Pabst created the "National Unification" as a pool of all counter-revolutionary forces and associations. This Reich organisation was to coordinate the preparations for the coup in Prussia and Bavaria, while Kapp was to develop East Prussia into the decisive base of counterrevolution. From here, with the help of the Freikorps operating in the Baltic States, the Reichswehr and the East Prussian Heimatbund, whose chairman was Kapp, the survey was to be carried to Berlin with the immediate aim of preventing the signing of the Versailles Treaty. The approval of the Versailles Treaty by the parliamentary majority has created a new situation. Now Ludendorff, one of the co-conspirators, proposed to carry out the coup directly in Berlin, whereby the Baltic people, who were disguised as work detachments on the large Eastern Elbe goods, were to take over the military support. Meanwhile, the conspirators, headed by Kapp and Reichswehr General Lüttwitz, tried to gain the mass base absolutely necessary for the execution of the coup d'état through a broad-based nationalist smear campaign. The company was already at risk before it could even begin. Kapp had demanded that his military allies inform him at least 14 days before the strike so that he could make the necessary political preparations. That the coup d'état had just begun on 13 March 1920 depended not so much on carefully considered planning, but on coincidences that were not predictable. One of the reasons for the premature strike was the dissolution of the Freikorps, especially the Ehrhardt Brigade, decided by the Reich government. This revealed the fact that, in the absence of a party of their own, the conspirators were unable to avoid relying on the loose organization of the resident defence forces, which to a certain extent were also influenced by social democracy. The whole weakness of the company was evident in the question on which forces the new government should actually be based. While the military saw an arrangement with the strongest party, social democracy, as unavoidable, Kapp categorically rejected pacting with social democracy. He wanted to put the Social Democrat-led government as a whole into protective custody. But now the government was warned; for its part, it issued protective arrest warrants against the heads of the conspirators and left Berlin on March 12. In the early morning of March 13, the Navy Brigade Ehrhardt marched into Berlin without encountering armed resistance, as would have been the duty of the Reichswehr. Kapp proclaimed himself Chancellor of the Reich and began with the reorganisation of the government. The order of the new rulers to arrest the escaped imperial government and to remove the state government if they did not stand on the side of the putschists was only partially executed by the local commanders. The proclamation of the general strike on 13 March and the reports arriving from the most important cities and industrial centres about joint actions of the working class prompted the indirect supporters of Kapp, the large industrialists and the Reichswehr generals, to adopt a wait-and-see attitude. Kapp had to see the hopelessness of his company. Eyewitnesses reported that Kapp had spent almost 3 days of his time as Chancellor of the Reich "with gossip". On March 15, the "adventure" was over. Kapp apparently stayed hidden with friends near Berlin for some time after the failed coup and then flew to Sweden in a provided plane. Here he initially lived under different false names in different places, at last in a pension in Robäck, but was soon recognized and temporarily taken into custody. The Swedish government granted asylum to the refugee, but he had to commit himself to refrain from all political activities. When the high treason trial against the heads of the March company in Leipzig began, Kapp was moved by the question of his position in court. At first, he justified his non-appearance with the incompetence of the Ebert government and with the constitution, which in his opinion did not exist. Kapp said that there was no high treason in the legal sense against the "high treason" of social democracy. When in December 1921 one of the co-conspirators, the former district president of Jagow, was sentenced to a fortress sentence by the Imperial Court, Kapp changed his mind. Still in Sweden he worked out a justification for the process ahead of him, in which he denied any guilt in both an objective and a subjective sense. On the contrary, he intended to appear before the court with a charge against the then government. It didn't come to that anymore. Kapp had already fallen ill in Sweden. At the beginning of 1922 he returned to Germany and was remanded in custody. On 24 April 1922, he underwent surgery in Leipzig to remove a malignant tumour from the left eye. Kapp died on 12 June 1922; he was buried on 22 June at the village churchyard in Klein Dexen near his estate Pilzen. 2. inventory history The inventory, which had been formed in its essential parts by Kapp himself, was transferred by the family to the Prussian Secret State Archives as a deposit in 1935. Here the archivist Dr. Weise started already in the year of submission with the archival processing, which could not be completed, however. In the course of the repatriation of the holdings of the Secret State Archives, which had been removed during the Second World War, the Kapp estate was transferred to the Central State Archives, Merseburg Office. In 1951, Irmela Weiland, a trainee, classified and listed the stock here. As a result of the processing a find-book was created, which was until the new processing in the year 1984 the kurrente find-auxiliary. 1984 the stock was to be prepared for the backup filming. It turned out that the processing carried out in 1951 did not meet today's archival requirements, so that a general revision was considered necessary. The graduate archivists Renate Endler and Dr. Elisabeth Schwarze rearranged and simply listed the holdings according to the principles of order and indexing for the state archives of the German Democratic Republic, Potsdam 1964. The found file units were essentially retained, in individual cases they were dissolved and new indexing units were formed. In addition, 0.50 m of unprocessed documents were incorporated into the estate. The old regulatory scheme, which was essentially broken down chronologically, was replaced by a new regulatory scheme based on Kapp's areas of activity. In the course of the revision, the portfolio was re-signed. The relationship between the old and the new signatures was established through a concordance. The new find book replaces the previously valid find book from 1951. The stock is to be quoted: GStA PK, VI. HA Family Archives and Bequests, Nl Wolfgang Kapp, No... 3) Some remarks on the content of the holdings The Kapp estate contains 7.50 running metres of archival material from the period from 1885 to 1922, including some earlier and later individual pieces. The holdings mainly contain documents from Kapp's official and political activities, to a lesser extent also correspondence within the family and documents from the administration of the Knights' Manor Pilzen. The density of transmission to the individual sections of Kapp's professional and political development is quite different. While his activities with the Minden government, in the Prussian Ministry of Finance and as district administrator in Guben are relatively poorly documented, there is a rather dense tradition about his activities as director of the general landscape and as chairman of the German Fatherland Party. The documentation on the preparation and implementation of the coup shows gaps which can be explained, among other things, by the fact that important agreements were only reached orally at the stage of preparing the coup. Moreover, Kapp, who had to flee hastily to Sweden after the coup d'état failed, was no longer able to give this part of his estate the same care as the former one. Overall, however, it is a legacy of great political importance and significance. Merseburg, 2. 10.1984 signed Dr. Elisabeth Schwarze Diplomarchivar Compiled and slightly shortened: Berlin, April 1997 (Ute Dietsch) The clean copy of the find book was made by Britta Baumgarten. Note After the reunification of the two German states, the Merseburg office was closed, the archival records and thus also the Kapp estate were returned to the Secret State Archives in Berlin (1993). From the inventory maps, this reference book was created after maps that no longer existed were replaced (post-distortion of files). XIII Bibliography (selection) Bauer, Max : March 13, 1920 Berlin 1920 Bernstein, Richard : Der Kapp-Putsch und seine Lehren. Berlin 1920 Brammer, Karl : Five days of military dictatorship. Berlin 1920 Documents on the Counterrevolution using official material: The same: Constitutional Foundations and High Treason. According to stenographic reports and official documents of the Jagow trial. Berlin 1922 Erger, Johannes : The Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch. Düsseldorf 1967 Falkenhausen, Fri. from : Wolfgang Kapp. In: Conservative Monthly July/August 1922 Kern, Fritz : Das Kappsche Abenteuer. Impressions and findings. Leipzig/Berlin 1920 Könnemann, Erwin : Residents' Weirs and Time Volunteer Associations. Berlin 1971 Noske, Gustav : From Kiel to Kapp. Berlin 1920 Rothfels, Hans : Article "Wolfgang Kapp" in: Deutsches biogra- phisches Jahrbuch Bd 4 (1922) Berlin/Leipzig 1929, correspondence. 132-143 (Here also a drawing of the works Kapps) Schemann, Ludwig : Wolfgang Kapp and the March company. A word of atonement. Munich/Berlin 1937 Taube, Max : Causes and course of the coup of 13 March 1920 and his teachings for the working class and the middle classes. Munich 1920 Wauer, W. : Behind the scenes of the Kapp government. Berlin 1920 Wortmann, K. Geschichte der Deutschen Vaterlandspartei In: Hallische Forschungen zur neueren Geschichte. Volume 3, Hall 1926 Contents I. Introduction Page II 1 Biographical Information on Wolfgang Kapp Page II 2 History of the Collection Page X 3 Some Remarks on the Content of the Collection Page XI 4 Literature in Selection Page XIII II Structure of the Collection Page XIV III Collection Page XVII (Order Numbers, Title, Duration Page 1-106)) XVII III. holdings (order numbers, file title, duration) Description of holdings: Lebenssdaten: 1858 - 1921 Finds: database; find book, 1 vol.

Preliminary remark: Karl Ludwig Eugen Schall (born on 25 November 1885), died on 30 January 1980) joined the Grenadier Regiment of Queen Olga (1st Württembergische) No. 119 in 1904 as a junior flag officer, reached the rank of lieutenant general there until World War I, after the outbreak of the war took part as company officer in the battles of the regiment on the West and East Front and was wounded twice. From 1915 Schall worked as a captain and general staff officer, often occupying changing general staff positions at General Command XIII Army Corps, at the 26th Infantry Division, the 14th Infantry Division, General Command V, and at the General Command of the German Armed Forces. Army Corps, 18th Reserve Division, General Command IV Reserve Corps and 10th Reserve Corps. He participated in the fights in Flanders, in the Somme, in the Champagne, in the Ardennes and Argonne, in the Meuse and near Verdun until his demobilisation in 1918. He was mainly concerned with strength and loss reports, interrogation of prisoners, evaluation of aerial photographs, mapping, position building and pioneer questions. From 1933 he again held several changing positions in the General Staff of the V. Army Corps as a Major, in 1939 was Commander of the Stuttgart II Military District as Lieutenant Colonel, from 1940 as Lieutenant Colonel, later as Colonel General Staff Officer in the 554th Army Corps. Infantry Division, with the Army Group A, with the Commander-in-Chief in Serbia, then Chief of the Field Commandantur 747 in Nîmes and was last transferred in 1944 against his own wishes as a war history teacher to the Kriegsakademie. As a pensioner Schall still studied archaeology in Tübingen until his doctorate. Further information on Karl Schall's life can be found in a handwritten curriculum vitae in Bü. 182, in the diaries in Bü. 181 and in the personal file in stock M 430/2, Bü. 1804 with information on his military career until 1919.Parts of the estate of Karl Schall, above all written material from his military service and extensive collections, were offered to the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart by his son Brigadegeneral a.D. Wolfgang Schall in March 1980 and, after an initial inspection at the estate's premises in April 1980, were handed over to the library of the Hauptstaatsarchiv and the archival records in Department IV (Military Archives) have since formed the M 660 estate of Karl Schall. Since the estate of Karl Schall got into complete disarray and no pre-archival classification scheme was recognizable, it was necessary to develop a classification scheme after the indexing, which should do justice to the multi-layered structures and most different documentation forms, particularly since in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart no uniform classification scheme for estates finds application. The documents from the officers' activities, correspondence and personal papers, which besides their general historical significance have a close personal connection to the deceased, were clearly separated from the multi-layered collections. The structure of the documents from the officer's activity reflects the military career of Schall. These are mostly personal copies of official documents in the form of hectographies, prints and other copies, as well as drafts and private documents. A document, which had been taken from the business transactions of the office, was reintegrated into the relevant holdings of the military unit in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart. There is a reference in this repertory. The private correspondence was sorted according to correspondent groups and correspondents. Posters and wall attacks, military maps and non-military maps were incorporated into the corresponding collections of the Main State Archives J 151, M 640 and M 650 mainly for conservation reasons. Nevertheless, these pieces have also been incorporated into the present repertory in the form of references, whereby the ordering scheme of the map holdings M 640 for military maps and M 65 0 for non-military maps has been adopted. Maps which have a recognisable connection to documents in Part A have been left there or reunited and have also been incorporated into the collections of the estate as references. For the collection of newspaper clippings, individual newspapers, printed publications and manuscripts from the fields of history, contemporary history, politics, religion, language, literature, science and technology, it seemed necessary to develop as finely structured a classification scheme as possible, since this collection, with approx. 500 numbers, represents the largest part of the collection and was previously only divided into the categories1. Military, 2nd Politics and Contemporary History, 3rd Science and within these categories only chronologically ordered, which made the chronological classification of the frequently undated newspaper clippings possible. It seemed appropriate to make the very multi-layered estate accessible by means of as comprehensive a list of subjects, places and persons as possible. Only a few small map sections from maps that are already available, sketches and notes that seemed to be no longer comprehensible individually and were not in any recognizable connection to other documents, file folders and packaging material were collected. The estate of Karl Schall contains above all informative material about the type of warfare in the First World War. Of particular importance is also the material on non-Württemberg units, most of whose records were destroyed in a bombing raid on Potsdam in April 1945. The drawings on the maps from World War I provide extensive information on the course of the front, combat directions, troop movements, position building and destruction in the front areas and thus complement the M 640 map holdings well. Also noteworthy is the extensive written material on the trials before the military tribunal in Nuremberg against the generals Curt Ritter von Geitner, Hubert Lanz, Karl von Roques and Eugen Wössner, which contains excerpts from the indictments and defence material. In the collections the history of the 20th century up to the 70s is reflected in an astonishingly comprehensive and descriptive way. The collection is not subject to any restrictions of use. In January and February 1984, the M 660 estate of Karl Schall was listed and arranged by Markus Baudisch, a candidate archive inspector, as a rehearsal work in the context of the state examination for the upper archive service and comprises 697 books in 1.55 metres.

Personal history: When he entered the war school in Ludwigsburg (1855), Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin decided to pursue a military career. After his appointment as lieutenant (1858) he was subordinate to the Generalquartiermeisterstab. Commanded to study at the University of Tübingen for a year, he was temporarily transferred to the Corps of Engineers in Ulm after the outbreak of the French-Austrian War (1859) and soon afterwards to the Generalquartiermeisterstab in Ludwigsburg. After various journeys, including to the scenes of the American Civil War, Count Zeppelin was promoted to the Adjutant's Office of King Charles in 1865. At his own request, in April 1868 he was assigned to the tactical department of the Great General Staff in Berlin, but already in the autumn of the following year he was recalled to the Württemberg General Quartermaster Staff. At the beginning of the Franco-German war in 1870/71, Count Zeppelin was assigned to the Württemberg cavalry brigade as a general staff officer. His daring exploration ride through Alsace on 24/25 July 1870 and its distribution in the national press made Count Zeppelin famous and popular for the first time in wide sections of the population. After the war he was entrusted with changing commandos over various cavalry regiments until 1884 when he was appointed colonel of the Württemberg military in Berlin. Allegedly because of an unsuccessful manoeuvre, Count Zeppelin retired in 1890 at the age of 52 as General à la suite of the King of Württemberg. During the American Civil War and in Paris in 1870, Count Zeppelin had become acquainted with the military use of open-air balloons. Already in 1887 he had developed his ideas about the possibilities of airship travel in a memorandum presented to the King of Württemberg. His first airship (LZ 1) ascended on 2 July 1900. In 1906 LZ 2 and LZ 3 started, both designed by the engineer Ludwig Dürr. Graf Zeppelin suffered a severe setback on August 5, 1908, when LZ 4 went up in flames on his 24-hour journey to Echterdingen after loading. Graf Zeppelin achieved the final breakthrough and general social recognition of his idea with the launch of LZ 5, which landed in Berlin on August 25, 1909. With regard to military deployment, Graf Zeppelin had considerably overestimated the possibilities of his airships: 72 of the 96 airships built during the war were lost. Nevertheless, Count Zeppelin accused Reich Chancellor Bethmann-Hollweg of obstructing the full deployment of the airships against England. The only letter of Count Zeppelin received in this estate also refers to this controversy with the Reich government that arose shortly before his death (1917). Inventory history: Count Zeppelin's only daughter Hella had married Alexander von Brandenstein in 1909. At least a part of the estate listed here must have been in their possession or that of their heirs, because some archival records were marked with the stamp "Graf von Brandenstein-Zeppelin'sches Familienarchiv". The estate of Count Zeppelin in M 660/157, which comprises 14 archive units (0.1 m), was recorded in September 1994.Stuttgart, in September 1994Dr. Margit Müller

1. the history of the collection: Like positions M 430/1 - 430/4, position M 430/5 forms a select position. It unites the personal documents of military officials (including military pharmacists and military clergymen) and veterinarians of the XIII army corr 'thus usually from the time after 1870/71, and arose at the latest in 1950 in the Reichsarchiv branch Stuttgart by the union of documents of numerous provenance offices. Around or after 1934, further files of Württemberg military officials were "incorporated" into him which the Reichsarchiv branch office Stuttgart apparently had received from the Reich Ministry of the Interior; in addition, individual clusters of concepts or copies of military service time certificates were occasionally classified as the Reichsarchiv branch office or (since 1937) the Heeresarchiv Stuttgart. With its remaining holdings, the holdings were transferred to the Main State Archives in Stuttgart in 1945. In the course of the reorganization of the holdings N 430/1 - 430/4 in the years 1971 - 1973 it was supplemented by individual documents or tufts which had been handed down so far in these holdings. In view of the insufficient state of order and indexing of the holdings of military provenances before 1870/71, it cannot be ruled out that in the course of the progressive reorganization of these archival records further personnel files will come to light which - because they were continued after 1870/71 - would also have to be classified in the present holdings. To what extent such files will be proceeded or how far they will remain with the holdings of the respective provenances, which generally close with the years 1870/71, has to be decided on a case-by-case basis. 1. to the order of the stock: The previously valid repertory of the Reichsarchiv branch in Stuttgart from September 1930, which probably indexed the holdings as the first finding aid, listed in alphabetical order the names of the persons about whom files were available. While the repertory usually indicated the date of birth and the official's position, it did not contain any information on the duration of the files and on the provenance points where they had grown up. The files themselves were arranged in 63 large groups according to the repertory and did not have any archive signatures in detail. In contrast, the current reorganization attempted to separate and record the written material grown up for one person at different provenance offices according to the provenance. Often, however, it was not possible to clarify the provenance of individually handed down documents (personal sheets; evidence of personal, service and income circumstances; qualification reports; proof of employment; calculations of the pensionable period of service; military passports; excerpts from rankings; service certificates in some of which the remains of cashed records can be seen, the provenance of which is not clearly clarified; where information about this is missing in the title entries, it is therefore usually written material of this kind.The main part of the holdings has grown up in the military offices of Württemberg. As Appendix 1 shows, however, it also includes numerous non-Württemberg military and civilian provenance sites. These files were handed over to Württemberg authorities when the officials and veterinarians concerned transferred to Württemberg services and were in most cases continued there. In order not to fragment again the personnel documents united in the inventory, however, now also not continued files remained incorporated into the inventory. To the current new listing it is to be noticed that from the first names of the officials and veterinarians only the call name is indicated, as far as necessary and possible, it became and. These additions are indicated by square brackets. Of the official positions, only the most recently reached is given; however, titles and, in the case of formerly active officers who have transferred to the military administration, the former military rank are also given. For the same reason, the wording "widow's allowance for N.N." is used uniformly in numerous therein and contained notes, even if it concerns the regulation of a pension or the granting of orphans' pensions, invalidity pensions, war allowances and the like for the widows and orphans of civil servants. The index added at the end of this section lists the subjects, places and persons covered by the title recordings, with the exception of the provenance sites where the files have grown up, and the names, titles and positions of the individual officials and their families. The collection comprises 2908 tufts (14 m). After extensive preparatory work by the archivist Herrmann, supervised by the undersigned, it was recorded from spring 1975 to autumn 1976 by Oberstaatsarchivrat Dr. Fischer, who also prepared the repertory. Stuttgart, February 1977(Fischer) 3rd Appendix I: List of provenances represented in the collection: I. Württemberg Army1. Military AdministrationMinistry of WarHigh War CourtIntendantur XIII. A. K.Deputy Intendantur XIII. A. K.Intendantur of the 26th DivisionIntendantur of the 27th DivisionMontierugsdepot HeilbronnClothing Department XIII. A. K.War Clothing Department XIII. A. K.Artillery depot LudwigsburgProviantamt LudwigsburgProviantamt StuttgartProviantamt UlmGarnisonsverwaltung HohenaspergGarnisonsverwaltung LudwigsburgGarnisonsverwaltung UlmMilitär-Bauamt II LudwigsburgMilitär-Neubauamt CannstattMilitär-Neubauamt EsslingenSanitätsamt XIII. A. K.Garnisonslazarett StuttgartUnteroffozoer-Vorbildungsanstalt Ellwangen2. Commandos, Staffs, TroopsDeputy General Command XIII. A. K.Corps General Physician XIII. A. K.Fortress Command and Barracks Administration HohenaspergCourt of 26th DivisionCourt of 27th Division DivisionAuditor of the Garrison UlmDistrict Command BiberachDistrict Command CalwDistrict Command EhingenDistrict Command EllwangenDistrict Command EsslingenDistrict Command GmündDistrict Command HallDistrict Command HeilbronnDistrict Command HorbDistrict Command LeonbergDistrict Command LudwigsburgDistrict Command MergentheimDistrict Command RavensburgDistrict Command ReutlingenDistrict Command RottweilDistrict Command StuttgartDistrict Command I StuttgartDistrict Command II StuttgartDistrict Command UlmGrenadier-Regiment No. 119Infantry Regiment No. 120Füsilier Regiment No. 122Replacement Battalion Infantry Regiment No. 126Infantry Regiment No. 127Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 121Replacement Battalion Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 121Spare Battalion Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 246Spare Battalion Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 119Spare Battalion Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 126Dragonese Regiment No. 26Spare Eskadron Ulanen Regiment No. 19II. Replacement Department Field Artillery Regiments No. 13II. Replacement Department Field Artillery Regiments No. 29Replacement Battalion Foot Artillery Regiments No. 13Pioneer Battalion No. 13Minenwerfer-Kompagnie No. 254Württ. Phone Department No. 204News Replacement Department No. 13Train Department No. 13Train Replacement Department No. 13Field Post Expedition No. 754Field Post Expedition No. 796Field Post Expedition No. 9853. AbwicklungsungsstellenHeeresabwicklungsamt WürttembergAbwicklungsintendantur XIII. A. K.Abwicklungsstelle des Bekleidungsamts XIII. A. K.Abwicklungsstelle des Füsilier-Regiments Nr. 122Abwicklungsstelle des Infanterie-Regiments Nr. 126II. Preußisches Heer1. Military AdministrationMinistry of WarDirectorate I.A.K.Directorate II.A.K.Directorate III.A.K.Directorate IV. A. K. Directorate V. A. K. Directorate VIII. A. K. Directorate X. A. K.Intendantur XI. A. K.Intendantur XIV. A. K.Intendantur XV. A. K.Intendantur XVI. A. K.Intendantur 12. DivisionIntendantur 16. DivisionIntendantur 20. DivisionIntendantur 21. DivisionIntendantur 22. DivisionIntendantur 29. DivisionIntendantur 30. DivisionIntendantur 31. DivisionFieldIntendantur 56. DivisionGGIntendantur 56. DivisionGIntendantur 12. DivisionIntendantur 16. DivisionIntendantur 20. DivisionIntendantur 21. DivisionIntendantur 22. DivisionIntendantur 29. DivisionIntendantur 30. DivisionIntendantur 31. DivisionIntendantur 56. DivisionGIntendantur 6. DivisionGIntendantur 12. A. Commandos, Staffs, TroopsDistrict Command BremenDistrict Command DonaueschingenDistrict Command HeidelbergDistrict Command PotsdamDistrict Command StockachDistrict Command StrasbourgGeneral Command XV. A. K. Airship Replacement Department No. 3Dissolution Command Airship Battalions No. 4Train Replacement Department No. 10III. Bavarian ArmyDistrict Command Ans Ans Ans Answer District Command. Field Artillery Regiment IV Imperial Armed Forces and Imperial Authorities1. Reichswehra) Military Administration:ReichswehrministeriumReichswehrbefehlsstelle WürttembergWehrkreisommando VIntendantur des Wehrkreisises VHeeresanwaltschaft bei der 5. DivisionReichsbekleidungsamt LudwigsburgReichsverpflegungsamt LudwigsburgReichsverpflegungsamt StuttgartHeeresunterkunftsamt StuttgartHeeresunterkunftsamt TübingenWirtschafts- und Rechnungsamt der Nachrichten-Abteilung 5Heeresarchiv Stuttgartb) Troops Brigade News Division 132. ReichsbehördenReichsministerium des InnernReichsschatzministeriumReichsarchivbranstelle StuttgartReichsdisziplinarkammer für WürttembergReichspensionsamt - Department WürttembergLeichsvermögensamt LudwigsburgLeichsvermögensamt StuttgartLandesfinanzamt StuttgartHauptversorgungsamt StuttgartVersorgungsstelle BiberachVersorgungsstelle EhingenVersorgungsamt GmündVersorgungsamt HeilbronnVersorgungsamt HorbVersorgungsamt LudwigsburgVersorgungsstelle StockachVersorgungsamt StuttgartVersorgungsamt Ulm

Contains above all: Aachen State School of Construction, Aachen Textile School, Augsburg School of Construction and Engineering, Bad Frankenhausen Engineering School, Bad Köstritz School of Horticulture, University of Berlin, Berlin Faculty of Agriculture, Berlin College of Music, Berlin Building School, Berlin Neukölln State School of Construction, Berlin-Charlottenburg College of Music Education, Reichswerbeschule Berlin, engineering school "Beuth" Berlin, Staatsbauschule Beuthen, college for teacher training Beuthen, craftsman school Bielefeld, engineering school Bingen, University of Bonn, college for teacher training Braunschweig, master school of the German craft Braunschweig, TH Braunschweig, Bremen Art Academy, Bremerhaven Ship Engineering School, Wroclaw State Building School, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw Technical College, Wroclaw Engineering School, Wroclaw Master School of German Crafts, Chemnitz Academy of Technology, Clausthal Mining Academy, Cottbus Textile College, Berlin-Dahlem Experimental and Research Institute for Horticulture, Engineering School Darmstadt, TH Darmstadt, Meisterschule des deutschen Handwerks Dortmund, Ingenieurschule für Luftfahrttechnik Hessen-Nassau, Hochschule für Lehrerbildung Darmstadt, Staatsbauschule Deutsch Krone, Staatsbauschule für Hoch- und Tiefbau Dresden, TH Dresden, Akademie der bildenden Künste Dresden, Akademie für Kunstgewerbe Dresden, University for Teacher Training Dortmund, Engineering School Dortmund, Engineering School Duisburg, Meisterschule des deutschen Handwerks Wuppertal, Technical College for Textile Industry Wuppertal-Barmen, Staatsbauschule Eckernförde, University for Teacher Training Elbing, Seefahrtschule Elsfleth, Staatsbauschule Erfurt, University Erlangen, Engineering School Essen, Folkwang School for Music, Dance and Speech Essen, Folkwang Meisterschule Essen, Hochschule für Lehrerbildung Eßlingen, Ingenieurschule Eßlingen, HTL for Structural and Civil Engineering Frankfurt am Main, Hochschule für Musik Frankfurt am Main, Ingenieurschule Frankfurt am Main, Städelschule Frankfurt am Main, State building school Frankfurt am Main, Freiberg Mining Academy, Geisenheim Experimental and Research Institute for Wine, Fruit and Horticulture, Giessen University, Glauchau Building School for Building and Civil Engineering, Gleiwitz Engineering School, Görlitz State Building School, Görlitz Engineering School, Gotha State Building School, Greifswald University, University of Göttingen, Engineering School Gumbinnen, University Halle-Wittenberg, College for Teacher Training Hamburg, University Hamburg, Engineering School and Master School of the German Crafts Hanover, College for Teacher Training Hanover, TH Hanover, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Faculty of Forestry Hann. Münden, University of Heidelberg, Hildburghausen Engineering School, Hirschberg Teacher Training College, Holzminden State Building School, Höxter State Building School, Idstein State Building School, Ilmenau Engineering School, Jena University, Jena University of Applied Sciences for Opticians, Kaiserslautern Engineering School, Karlsruhe University of Teacher Training, Karlsruhe University of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe University of Music, Karlsruhe Technical University, Kassel State Building School, Cologne Engineering School, Cologne State Building School, Cologne University of the Arts, Kiel Engineering School, Köthen University of Applied Technology, Ingenieurschule Konstanz, Textilfachschule Krefeld, Ingenieurschule Lage/ Lippe, Hochschule für Lehrerbildung Leipzig, Konservatorium Leipzig, Staatsbauschule Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Montanistische Hochschule Leoben, Seefahrtsschule Lübeck, Staatsbauschule für Hochbau Lübeck, Ingenieurschule und Staatsbauschule Magdeburg, Adolf-Hitler-Staatsbauschule Mainz, Ingenieurschule Mannheim, Ingenieurschule Mittweida, Ingenieurschule München, Meisterschule für Deutschlands Buchdrucker Munich, Staatsbauschule München, Fachschule für Textilindustrie M. Gladbach, Staatsbauschule Münster, Staatsbauschule Nienburg, Hochschule Nürnberg, Ohm-Polytechnikum Nürnberg, Staatsbauschule Plauen, Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt für Gartenbau Pillnitz, Kreisbauschule Regensburg, Fachschule für Textilindustrie Reichenbach, Technikum für Textilindustrie Reutlingen, Holztechnikum Rosenheim, Hochschule für Lehrerbildung Rostock, Universität Rostock, Ingenieurschule Saarbrücken, Textile Technical School Sorau, Building School for Water Management and Cultural Engineering Siegen, Building School for Water Management and Cultural Engineering Suderburg, Building School for Water Management and Cultural Engineering Schleusingen, University of Applied Sciences Schneidemühl, Seefahrtsschule Stettin, Engineering School Stettin, State Building School Stettin, Master School of German Crafts Stettin, Arts and Crafts School Stuttgart, Building School Stuttgart, University of Music Stuttgart, TH Stuttgart, Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, Agricultural University Tetschen-Liebwerd, Forestry University Tharandt, State Building School Trier, Meisterschule des deutschen Handwerks Trier, University of Tübingen, Horticultural School Weihenstephan, University of Teacher Education Weilburg, Engineering School Weimar, University of Architecture and Fine Arts Weimar, University of Music Weimar, Seefahrtschule Wesermünde, Hochschule für Welthandel Vienna, Ingenieur-Akademie Wismar, Kolonialschule Witzenhausen, Ingenieurschule Würzburg, Hochschule für Lehrerbildung Würzburg, Ingenieurschule Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Fachschule für Maschinenbau Wuppertal, Fachschule für Textilindustrie Wuppertal- Barmen, Seefahrtsschule Wustrow, Landesbauschule HTL Zerbst, Staatsbauschule Zittau, Ingenieur- und Zieglerschule Zwickau