1st administrative history/biography: Carl Bach was born on 08.03.1847 in Stollberg in the Erzgebirge mountains as the son of the saddler master and carriage builder Heinrich Julius Bach. After attending primary school and private school in Stollberg, he completed an apprenticeship as a locksmith. In the years 1863 and 1864 he worked in the steam engine construction of the company R. Hartmann in Chemnitz. During this time he learned English in addition to his work. Then he was first a pupil of the Gewerbschule, later of the Werkmeisterschule, where he graduated at Easter 1866 with the overall grade 1 and the silver medal, which was only awarded in one copy. This year he took part in planning work for the Chemnitz water pipeline under the direction of Prof. Kankelwitz. After the following studies at the Polytechnikum Dresden he followed Prof. Kankelwitz as assistant for the years 1868 to 1872 to Stuttgart. After this time Bach studied again, this time with Grashof at the TH Karlsruhe, where he earned his diploma in 1873. In the following five years he worked as an engineer in Wollwich, London and Vienna, finally becoming director of Lausitzer Maschinenfabrik AG in Bautzen. He was elected to the Zittau Chamber of Commerce in 1877 and married in the same year. On 01 October 1878, Bach was appointed full professor of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Stuttgart, where he established the Materials Testing Institute in 1884 and the Engineering Laboratory eleven years later. From 1885 to 1888 he was rector of the TH Stuttgart. One year later, on 20 June 1889, Bach was awarded the silver commemorative medal by the King of Württemberg on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the government. In February 1892 he received the Knight's Cross and on 25 November 1895 the Honorary Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown, connected with the nobility of persons. He was also awarded the title of "Construction Director". Already in 1883 Carl Bach was appointed to the Federal Polytechnic in Zurich, in 1895 to the Technical University in Berlin and in 1902 unofficially to the Technical University in Vienna. However, he did not follow any of these calls. On 22 March 1911 he was awarded the Commander's Cross of the 2nd Class of the Albrecht Order by King Friedrich August of Saxony, in 1914 the title "Staatsrat", in February 1916 he was awarded the Wilhelmskreuz by the King of Württemberg, in February 1918 the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown. Also this year Bach was the first technician in Württemberg to receive the title "Excellence". From 1912 to 1918 Carl von Bach was a member of the 1st Chamber of the Württemberg State Parliament for the TH Stuttgart. On his 70th birthday, 1917, he became an honorary citizen of his hometown Stollberg and on his 80th birthday an honorary citizen of Stuttgart. In 1920 the senate of the TH Stuttgart had him paint for the senate hall. Two years later Bach was emeritus. In 1926 Bach was painted again, this time for the conference hall of the VDI in Berlin. Carl von Bach died in Stuttgart on 10 October 1931. He holds honorary doctorates from the TH Berlin (1903), the University of Tübingen (1927), the TH Vienna (1927), and the TH Stuttgart (1927). In close cooperation and lively exchange of ideas with renowned entrepreneurs and inventors such as Robert Bosch, Paul Daimler, Rudolf Diesel, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin and many others, Bach succeeded in bridging the gap in mechanical engineering between practitioners such as Redtenbacher (Karlsruhe) and theorists such as Reuleaux (Berlin) by purposefully combining theory and practice through experimental research in mechanical engineering and civil engineering. In order to secure the scientific basis, Bach successfully established two research institutes, the Materials Testing Institute 1884, of which he was director until 1922, and the Engineering Laboratory 1895. On his initiative, the first chair for aeronautics and automotive engineering was established in Germany in 1925, together with the associated laboratory. Based on his work, Bach is regarded as the founder of static elasticity and strength theory. Both from his own experience and from his work in business circles and technical associations, Bach was aware that the rapid development of German industry required a fundamental reform of engineering education. He demanded a "workshop practice" of at least one year. Bach considered solid practical experience supplemented by thorough, comprehensive training in natural science and technical subjects, but also the teaching of humanities disciplines, the "humanisation of technical universities", to be absolutely essential for the engineer of the future. His educational policy intentions, which he realized in his more than 40 years of work at the Technical University of Stuttgart, he achieved above all through the Association of German Engineers. The appreciation of Bach as a teacher and scholar is expressed not only by his appointments to other universities, but also by the orders and honours of crowned heads and associations of a technical, scientific and socio-political nature, as well as the magnificent letter of thanks from the students of the TH Stuttgart. 2nd inventory description: Carl von Bach (1847-1931) was one of the most important German technical scientists of his time. In the field of mechanical engineering and material testing he did pioneering work, which is the basis for today's problems and solutions. The estate of Carl von Bach comprises a total of about 40 running metres. Archive material. However, this material does not only contain the scientific legacy of Bach, but much more: in addition to the scientific works - almost all manuscripts of his major works are available in various editions - an extensive part of his private legacy is also preserved. In addition, the University Archives also contain the estate of his son Julius Bach. He was bequeathed in his will the entire legacy of his father's writings, which he finally bequeathed to the then Technical University of Karl-Marx-Stadt alongside his own. Particularly valuable in the estate of Carl von Bach, if one can even pick out a subgroup, is the traditional business correspondence. On approx. 50,000 sheets, both the correspondence received and the correspondence sent out over the period from 1876 to 1931 are almost completely handed down. Because of Bach's focus on work and research, the theory of strength and elasticity, of which he was a co-founder, he came into contact with various representatives from science and industry. Moreover, Bach was a very socially committed person, which is also reflected in this correspondence. However, the preservation of the tradition is endangered. In particular, the copial books with the outgoing correspondence will only be released for use in exceptional cases. The degree of preservation of the writing material is particularly problematic here. As a rule, the deceased did not use commercially available ink, but mixed it himself in varying compositions, some of which faded very strongly. In addition, the transparent paper of the books is only of little stability. For this reason, the business correspondence in the Bach estate was completely filmed and digitized. Selected documents are recorded on colour film and are available as negatives and positives. The Subdivision of the Estate Carl von Bach's estate is divided into six sections in its provisionally final stage of indexing: I. Biographical material This group includes personal documents, testimonies of his educational and professional career, documents about his military service, honours, vocations, anniversaries and autobiographical records. II. private correspondence This is arranged chronologically according to the members of the family and within them. Of these, the correspondence with his son Julius is the most extensive and certainly also the most interesting, since it contains the discussions of various technical problems that were conducted between the two scientists. III. business correspondence This cannot claim to be complete, but the extent of the overdelivery is impressive. Particularly remarkable is the tradition of the outgoing mail, which is recorded in a total of 35 copial books on approx. 35000 sheets. They cover the period from 1876 to 1903 and from 1909 to his death in 1931. Within these copies the letters are arranged chronologically and for almost each of these books there is a register of names of the addressees, which has been made by the deceased. However, the Kopialbücher also contain copies of incoming letters and various concepts, orders, etc., which Bach probably regarded as particularly important. Also the mail archived in this group is quite remarkable with 18 000 sheets. In total, there are about 2500 correspondents in the group of business correspondence. With regard to the two sections on private and business correspondence, it should be noted that correspondence can also be found outside these sections, in the fact files. IV. Business papers Here you will find the manuscripts of his countless publications, statements and expert opinions on the fields of science covered by Bach, as well as extensive material collections on these questions. His work on material testing, the durability of steam boilers and riveted joints, etc. can be particularly well understood here. Bach himself created firm portfolios in which he collected all possible processes into one subject and then labeled them accordingly. This state of order and distortion was largely adopted during the earlier processing of the estate, without verifying the content in detail. This situation was resolved in 2007. The order by subject has been maintained, but the folders have been repackaged and the file titles have been supplemented with extensive "Contains" notes to facilitate access to this material. In addition, papers from the estate of Julius Bach were added to this section, but these clearly have their origin in Carl Bach. V. Material Collections Various types of material have been summarized here. This concerns e.g. his membership cards, orders, promotional gifts, material samples or also different photos. Sections 4 and 5 have not been rearranged, but have been taken over from the original legator. VI. Non-provenance material Here is the material about the legator that was later added to the estate, such as obituaries or copies of and about Bach from other archives. In the revision of the estate, further material on Carl Bach was added. Of particular note here are the numerous photos of the Carl Bach family, which were made available in digital form for the collection. The inventory signature is the number 302, followed by an indication in Roman numerals and the individually numbered file units (in Arabic numerals). The Roman numerals indicate the six different groups. Example: 302 / III / 0123 Carl von Bach estate estate / business correspondence / foreign correspondence America: Argentina, Chile, Canada, USA Inventory processing The Carl von Bach estate has not yet been finally catalogued. At the beginning of the processing in the 80s a file was created, which was the basis for the input into the database at the end of the 90s. The data was transferred unchanged. A new classification was developed for the estate, according to which the entered units of registration are arranged. New file titles have been created in the Biographical Material, Private and Business Correspondence sections. In 2007, sections IV to VI were finally developed in greater depth. Although most of the titles of the files in the business papers and material collections were originally taken over by the testator, they were supplemented with extensive remarks. The present finding aid book thus represents the most recent state of processing for the time being. Digitisation The correspondence in the estate has been completely filmed and digitised from the film. Due to the state of preservation, the originals are no longer released for use. A high quality silver halide film has been used to secure the existence of the company. As a rule, this part of the estate is used via the electronic data on the PC. The designation of the CD-ROM corresponds to that of the file unit. During scanning, the individual sheets were numbered consecutively. The first part of the file name, however, reflects the file unit. However, the file numbers do not match the page number. 3. state of indexing/scope: indexed; find book, database, digitised material; scope: 40.75 running metres.

History of the club: The Badische Schwesternschaft vom Roten Kreuz is the oldest Red Cross sisterhood in Germany. Its beginnings lie in the Baden Women's Association founded in 1859 at the suggestion of Grand Duchess Luise von Baden. Its foundation was caused by the so-called "Italian War", the statutes also formulate the purpose of the association as "support of those in consequence of the threat of war or a war in emergency Gerathenen, as well as care for wounded and sick military personnel". Under the protectorate of Grand Duchess Luise, however, the association continued to exist and quickly spread throughout the Grand Duchy. Gradually, new tasks were added, such as the promotion of women's earning capacity, their domestic education, care for the poor, girls, prisoners, workers, children and health, especially tuberculosis control and infant care. The focus remained on nursing care and staff training. During the following wars, the care of wounded soldiers seemed to be in need of improvement. Systematic training in Karlsruhe, later also in Pforzheim, Mannheim and Heidelberg hospitals and the employment of nurses in peacetime ensured that sufficient trained nurses were also available in the field in the event of war, e.g. in 1870/71 and in the First World War. In 1866, at the instigation of Grand Duchess Luise, the Baden Women's Association was subordinated to the principles of the Red Cross as a department of the Geneva National Aid Association. In the same year he received his first own club clinic, since 1890 the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim on Kaiserallee. This also served as the mother house of the sisters. The political, economic and social upheavals at the end of the First World War could not leave their mark on the Badischer Frauenverein and its nursing department, as the strong connection to the Grand-Ducal-Badischer Haus was fundamental for the association. The political turnaround made a reorientation necessary. In 1923, for example, the founding of the Pensionsversicherungsverein (Pension Insurance Association) made independent asset management possible. At the same time, Department III of the Badischer Frauenverein, which is responsible for nursing care, was given its own organisational structure as the "Motherhouse of the Sisters of the Badischer Frauenverein vom Roten Kreuz". A certain connection to the Badischer Frauenverein remained, however, as a representative of the women's association always sat on the board of the mother house. The reorganization also provided for greater participation rights for the sisters. Economic difficulties led to the lease of the maternity home to the state of Baden as a state midwife institution. The new building now required for the Sisterhood and the extension of the Luisenheim to accommodate and train the Sisters were inaugurated in 1930, the anniversary year. During the centralization of the German Red Cross in 1934, the sisters of the Baden Women's Association were also integrated into the new organization, and after the dissolution of all Red Cross associations in 1937, the Karlsruhe Sisterhood was placed under the presidency of the German Red Cross. During the Second World War it was used in various military hospitals on the western and eastern fronts. The Luisenheim, but above all the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim and with it the mother house were badly damaged during the war and could only partly be rebuilt. After the war the future of the sisterhood was uncertain at first. Despite the dissolution of the German Red Cross by the Allies, she tried to continue the association's work as well as possible. Many areas of work in the hospitals had remained with the association and were again occupied by sisters. The nursing schools were recognised again in 1946. In 1949 the association finally received its own statutes again and was recognised as a public corporation under the name "Badische Schwesternschaft vom Roten Kreuz (Luisenschwestern) e.V.". The first priority was the reconstruction of the destroyed Luisenheim or the construction of a new mother house for the sisterhood. The Luisenheim could be occupied again until 1951. The building of the mother house, inaugurated in 1957, served as an administrative building, but also for accommodation and lessons for schoolgirls. The fields of work of the former Baden Women's Association in hospitals are still occupied today by sisters of the Baden Sisterhood. She also runs the Luisenheim as an old people's home for the sisters. To this day, the training of the new generation, the support of the active sisters in their often difficult service as well as the provision of the retired sisters belong to the main tasks of the sisterhood. History and tradition of the archive: The archive of the Baden Sisterhood of the Red Cross has a tradition that is almost as old as the Red Cross itself, since written and pictorial documents on the activities of the Baden Women's Association and its successor organisations have been kept since the association was founded. In the 70s of the 20th century, the then superior Elisabeth Leist began to sift through the traditions of her sisterhood, to separate them and to sort them out. Two collections were created, which were housed as an "archive" and a "museum" in separate rooms of the mother house. The "Archive" mainly comprised administration files compiled by Oberin Leist, as well as personal documents of individual sisters, such as testimonies or diaries, but also photographs, individual building plans and some association documents. The "Museum" of the Sisterhood essentially contained a collection of objects, mainly brooches, orders, decorations, medals, but also surgical instruments, especially wardrobe cases of individual sisters from war missions, sisterly costumes and other association documents and photographs, which were marked by the personal interests of the superior Leist and supplement files and account books of the Badischer Frauenverein as well as specifically archived files of the old registry of the Sisterhood, including personal files of the sisters. A folder with construction plans of the mother house and the Luisenheim was added to the inventory. These very different genres of archival and museum material convey a comprehensive picture of the diverse tasks of the Baden Sisterhood and its history. Order and indexing: In the summer of 2004, the archive of the Baden Sisterhood was deposited in the General State Archive in Karlsruhe, with the exception of the wardrobe trunks and sister costumes as well as some pictures that remained in the mother house of the sisterhood. With the help of a project sponsored by the Stiftung Kulturgut Baden-Württemberg, the undersigned ordered, catalogued and inventoried the entire archive over the next two years in order to make it accessible for use by third parties. A thematic order was therefore established, which is essentially oriented towards the history and organisation of the sisterhood and its predecessor organisations. Due to the large size of the archive, this could not be carried out physically, but had to be limited to the finding aid. Any still recognisable connections between traditions have been preserved as far as possible. Required separations are proven with the respective title recordings. Numerous loose leaf collections, the compilation and creation of which in many cases was no longer comprehensible, or even completely unrelated individual leaves were arranged as far as possible according to subject and combined into archive units, or already existing, suitable contexts were assigned. In the files occasionally handed down notes with handwritten comments usually originate from the superior Elisabeth Leist. If they contribute to the understanding of the documents, they were left in the files. The extensive photo collections of the holdings can be divided into four main types: pictures taken from the rooms of the mother house or framed for exhibitions, photos compiled by Oberin Leist in guide files (69 Bad. Sisterhood No. 570-614), photo albums presumably left behind by sisters (69 Bad. Sisterhood No. 615-643) and loose, predominantly disordered photographs. While the framed pictures were listed individually, the folder or album was considered the unit of distortion for the photo collections. The disordered individual photos, as far as they could not be assigned to the possession of individual sisters, were arranged thematically and indexed in groups (69 Bad. Schwesternschaft Nos. 650-655, 657-682, 684-688). Many of these photographs document the sisters' personal experiences, including those during the Second World War. The publications of the Badischer Frauenverein, the sisterhood or other Red Cross institutions contained in the archive are registered as "Verbandsschriften" according to the rules of German libraries. This chapter also contains the statutes of the Baden Sisterhood and other Red Cross institutions (such as the Association of German Motherhouses or the Sister Insurance Association). Of the large number of brooches, badges of service, orders and decorations of the sisters that still exist, only a few copies of each type could be preserved for reasons of space. Numerous commemorative medals and coins, mostly on anniversaries of the Red Cross, came as gifts, in exchange or in rare cases by purchase to the sisterhood. Their title records also contain short descriptions of the objects based on current order literature. The Depositum can be used in accordance with the rules of use of the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg. However, legal protection periods still have to be observed for some documents, especially for the younger personnel files of the sisterhood, which are indexed in a separate volume. Parallel transmission inside and outside the General State Archives: The archive of the Baden Sisterhood of the Red Cross complements the transmission of the Red Cross and Karlsruhe Hospitals already existing in the General State Archives. The Badische Frauenverein, which continued to exist after 1923 without a nursing department, had already handed over a large part of its files to the General State Archive in the 1930s (fonds 443: Red Cross, Badischer Frauenverein). Further information can be found in the archive of the Secret Cabinet of Grand Duchess Luise (69 Baden, Luise Cabinet), such as sources on the Federation of Red Cross Helpers. While this is represented in the tradition of the Baden Sisterhood only with a file volume, the files of the Secret Cabinet and the Baden Red Cross provide very good information about the work of the Federation until its dissolution in 1935.Further photos about the activities of the Badischer Frauenverein, many hospitals, as well as the activities of the Grand Duchess Luise, especially her visits to military hospitals during the First World War, can be found in the inventory 69 Baden, Collection 1995 F I. Also among the addresses of homage (69 Baden, Collection 1995 D) are some, partly very elaborately designed copies, which the Badischer Frauenverein with its branch associations dedicated to the Grand Ducal Baden House on various occasions. The collection 69 Baden, Collection 1995 A contains, among others, a large organigram of the Women's Association. For the development of the State Women's Hospital, which has been housed since 1923 in the building of the Wöchnerinnenheim of the Vereinsklinik Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim, see the accesses to stock 523 (State Women's Hospital Karlsruhe). Further plans of the buildings of the sisterhood can be found in the collection of the State Building Administration (424 K), which also contains archives of the Grand Ducal Court Building Office, including eleven floor plans and views of the Luisenheim built in 1902 (424 K Karlsruhe 240/1.001-1.011). These are also in 69 bath. Sisterhood no. 721 are included, but are marked here later. In 424 K there are also 218 plans of the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim, its outbuildings and the buildings of the Städtisches Krankenhaus (Municipal Hospital) from the years 1887-1980 (under the building number 424 K Karlsruhe 078), which were built on the same area later, which show the further development. The holdings 69 Baden, Collection 1995 B, No. 55-66, finally offer eleven building plans and drafts for the Friedrichsbau building at the Ludwig-Wilhelm-Krankenheim, while the archive of the Baden Sisterhood offers only a few, above all no building plans. Stock 233 (Staatsministerium) also contains files on the Women's Association and its officials, 48 No. 6470 the Baden copy of the Geneva Convention, 48 The archives of the German Red Cross in Bonn also contain archives of the Association of Red Cross Sisterhoods, including records of the Oberinnenvereinigung, including minutes of board meetings, Oberinnentagungen, correspondence with other Oberinnen. For its part, the Archive of the Sisterhood should supplement the tradition of the DRK Archive, especially for the years in which Oberin Anna Odenwald was Chairman of the Board of the Oberinnenvereinigung. A copy of the finding aid book for the "Verband der Schwesternschaften vom Deutschen Roten Kreuz" was gratefully made available by the DRK archive for the indexing work and for further use. Timetable (possibly for technical reasons in the appendix of the index): [...] Literature (possibly for technical reasons in the appendix of the index): [...]

Origin and tradition: The Grand Ducal photo collection from the reign of Frederick I and his wife Luise probably originated from gifts, orders and acquisitions (e.g. while travelling). It is not yet possible to say to what extent there was a real will to collect, but the collection was carefully preserved, partly noted in inventory lists and probably moved from Karlsruhe Castle to the New Palace in Baden-Baden in 1919. There, even after the death of Grand Duchess Luise, he occasionally grew. When the castle inventory of 1995 was dissolved, the State of Baden-Württemberg was able to acquire the entire photo collection for the General State Archives; a selection of family photos and some magnificent volumes remained the property of the House of Baden. He also owns an essential part of the photo collection of the last Grand Duke, Frederick II, who fortunately was not kept in the Freiburg Palais after 1919. Content: The medium of photography was highly valued and consciously used at the Baden court as a modern form of princely representation. The distribution of portrait series to the public can be reconstructed and the long reign of Frederick I enabled the presence of the "father of the country" or the "parents of the country", as can be found among the Hohenzollern, the Wittelsbachers or the Habsburgs. Documents from these photo commissions to the court photographers make up a not insignificant part of the collection. The proportion of gifts and souvenir pictures received after anniversaries, celebrations, manoeuvres, exhibitions, inaugurations, etc. is greater; the handing over of portraits of foreign visitors also belonged to this group, especially in the context of the summer stays in Baden-Baden. One of the most important gifts are probably the works with which photographers wanted to attract attention, acquire the title of court photographer or receive further commissions; in this way, works from the early days of photography came into the Grand Duke's possession: signed prints by Charles Clifford, the Upper Italian and Southwest German series by Jakob August Lorent in 60x80 format already admired at the time of their creation (Lorent also left to the Grand Duke a detailed description of his recording and development process) or, to name regionally effective photographers, photographs by Richard/Heidelberg, Tillman-Matter/Mannheim, Th. shoe man

Tradition: The Großherzogliche Badische Baugewerkeschule was founded in 1878. Since 1919 it was called "Badisches Staatstechnikum" or "Badische Höhere Technische Lehranstalt (Staatstechnikum)" (1923), since 1946 "Staatstechnikum Karlsruhe", since 1963 "Staatliche Ingenieurschule Karlsruhe", since 1971 "Fachhochschule Karlsruhe - Hochschule für Technik"; in 2005 it was renamed "Hochschule Karlsruhe - Technik und Wirtschaft". In contrast to the architecture department of the Polytechnic University, the drawing examination papers of the students of construction trades were kept at the school. As far as the documents were not collected by the school administration - especially in the period after about 1970 - an extensive, largely coherent set of plans has been preserved. It was handed over to the General State Archives in 1999 together with a transfer list in Access format, and more recent work was added in 2004. In the archive, the entire holdings were signed, packaged and re-registered by the ladies Mohd, Hummel and Vogt, the list of consignments was edited and converted into 'scopeArchiv' in 2012. The variety of query options (by building type, drawing technique, etc.) was retained in 'scopeArchiv' in a field visible only to the archive staff and in the source file (Access).a few privately owned student works that came to the General State Archive with the Thomas Kellner Collection in 2006 were incorporated; the drawing portfolio of Franz Kühn for the years 1934 to 1937 is now available as a sample portfolio for all subjects at the end of the student works.Further student works, which were delivered together with files of the building department also in 2004 - among them e.g. building photographs of Black Forest farms of the excursion of 1937 -, are recorded in inventory GLA 592 Access 2004-69. Some building photographs of monuments from this convoy were probably inadvertently taken over into the general plan inventory GLA 424 K. Plans (blueprints) of the Karlsruhe City Planning Office for the redesign of the Market Square from 1974 were submitted to the City Archive. Content: The approximately 100-year-old tradition conveys the teaching methods of drawing and the architectural expectations of the time between historicism and modernism and is thus an outstanding source for the transformation of technology, architectural aesthetics and reception behaviour over the social ruptures of the 20th century. Probably the most valuable part, almost half of the total stock, is taken up by the plans from the subjects of construction survey and design; the names of the subjects changed in the process. The annual publications of the Baugewerkeschule, such as the "design of bourgeois residential buildings" by the construction students or the recording of "patriotic monuments" in the whole of Baden by the prospective trade teachers, show that the focus here was on the core of teaching at least until 1914; part of the semester and holiday work was thus published promptly in large-format volumes (cf. the incomplete series in the library of the General State Archives, Cw 8102ff, 1885-1914 and individual proof pages, together with pages from architecture and engineering textbooks, as an appendix in fonds 592 K). In the 1920s, industrial and functional buildings came to the fore. During National Socialism, the main focus of interest was on the design of housing estates, and in the cataloguing of architectural monuments almost exclusively farmhouses in the Black Forest and in Baden's Franconia region; these architectural photographs are of particular value as historical architectural sources (a photo in No. 1581 shows members of one of the 1937 field trips to take a picture of a farm). But also the registration of e.g. Karlsruhe city centre buildings, which were destroyed during and after the Second World War, or the systematic mapping of Überlingen town houses in 1935 are important and so far almost unknown architectural inventory achievements. In the post-war period, photographs of buildings appeared almost exclusively as part of general drawing lessons; interior designs were added in the 1960s. All in all, the student works provide a good insight into the "tempo" of style change and architectural convention, precisely because of their dependence on current teaching and building practice. Photographs of architectural monuments on Lake Constance by the Constance photographer German Wolf from the years around 1900 form a separate group. They are testimonies to early monuments inventory, in the context of the building photographs perhaps as a model or as material for teaching. In contrast, photographs of plans whose originals were missing - mostly montages on large cardboard boxes from the 1960/1970s - remained in the main inventory. Drawing templates and other foreign materials were summarised, plans such as photos, which had gotten between the pupils' work as teaching aids; they can now be found at the end of the collection, as far as they could not be collected as duplicates. Access database: The database of the University of Applied Sciences will continue to be maintained as it allows further access to the stock due to its sorting possibilities, but does not have the same text status as the available finding aids data. Special mention should be made of the sorting according to "object groups":Sacral buildings (1)Public buildings (2)Residential buildings (3)Agricultural buildings (4)Others (5).The encryption "Type of execution" can also be used for exhibition preparations: Technical - black-and-white1Technical - colored2Artistic - black-and-white3Artistic - colored4. For the archive personnel, text parts can be queried in the data field "internal archive remarks", so that a selection according to these criteria is also possible in 'scopArchive'. Examples are "Item group: 1 (sacral buildings)" and "Type of construction: 1 (technical, black and white)". Literature: Wolfram Förster, 125 years Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, 1878-2003, Volume 1, Historical Development (Ingenium 4), Karlsruhe 2003

Preliminary remark: The Baden constitution of 1818 had created a parliamentary two-chamber system. In contrast to the representatives of the estates assembled in the first chamber, the representatives of the people in the second chamber were elected by universal suffrage, in which the mass of citizens could cast their votes. The political debates in the Ständehaus in Karlsruhe were to play a not insignificant role in the upswing of the liberal movement in the first half of the 19th century. In 1904, direct suffrage was introduced for the second chamber. With the end of the constitutional monarchy, the first chamber of the Landtag disappeared. The Baden constitution of 1919 abolished class voting rights and introduced women's suffrage. On 30.1.1934, the history of the Badischer Landtag came to an end after 115 years with the National Socialist law on the abolition of the popular representations of the Länder. The archives of the Landtag were delivered to the General State Archives in 1934 and 1942, the photos of the members of parliament in 1943. These photos can be found under the heading No. 40k Members of the Estates. The minutes and invoices of the first and second chambers are summarized in fonds 231. The petitions of the population to their members of parliament, some in alphabetical order and some in chronological order, are very extensive. The present index was converted into an online find book in 2009 with funds from the German Research Foundation and then edited by Michael Bock. Karlsruhe, October 2009Dr. Rainer Brüning

History of the possession of the island Mainau: After the abolition of the Kommende of the Teutonic Order on the island Mainau in 1805, the Kommenden possession first fell to the Baden state; today the Kommenden archive in the General State Archives consists mainly of the holdings 5 (documents Mainau) and 93 (files Mainau). After a rapid change of ownership - 1827 from Baden to Prince Nikolaus von Esterhazy, 1827 from his son Nikolaus Freiherr von Mainau to Katharina Gräfin Langenstein - Grand Duke Friedrich I of Baden bought the island from Langenstein¿schem in 1853 with funds from the private box and made the Teutonic Order palace a secondary residence. With advancing age, the stays of the Grand Duke and his wife Luise became increasingly frequent; the park owes its design largely to Frederick's initiative. In 1907 the Grand Duke of Mainau died. After her death in 1923, the widow's residence of the Grand Duchess was transferred to her son Frederick II, and from him to his sister Victoria, Queen of Sweden. In 1930, their grandson Lennart, now Count Bernadotte, took possession of the Mainau. History and notes on tradition: The Schlossarchiv, which was handed over to the General State Archives in 1997 as a deposit of Blumeninsel Mainau GmbH, depicts the history of possession and the court holdings of the Grand Ducal couple rather fragmentarily. Only the planned stock has survived as a closed overdelivery complex. After the death of Frederick I, Grand Duchess Luise decided that neither the castle nor the park could be altered in any way, so the plans provide a good overview of the conversion of the old Kommende buildings and the layout of the park from the Grand Ducal period to the Bernadotte era. Almost all the plans came from the architects of the Grand Ducal Court Building Office (Dyckerhoff, Hemberger, Amersbach), a few from the Court Garden Centre, from commissioned companies and from the Constance District Building Inspectorate. Outside the island, only the St. Katharina estate near Litzelstetten and a park bench near Constance are documented. The plans were recorded in detail by Ms. Kreyenberg before they were handed over to the General State Archives; her index continues to serve as a finding aid for the plan inventory, while the file part of the archive consists only of fragments. There are internal and external reasons for this. The changing courtly style between Karlsruhe, Baden-Baden, Badenweiler and Mainau may have brought with it a transport of written documents, which in all residences allowed half site-related, half accidentally left behind layers of files to emerge. In many respects, the Mainau holdings correspond almost perfectly to the files that have been kept in the General State Archives since 1995 from the tradition in the New Palace in Baden-Baden: Here and there the boundaries between the files of the court authorities, the daily ceremony and the personal, princely estate can hardly be drawn exactly, here and there correspondence and telegram series, diaries and notebooks, private entries and greeting addresses, documents of the wide-ranging charity work of Grand Duchess Luise and much more can be found. (cf. GLA 69 Baden, Collection 1995 A, B, D, F I, FII, G , K). In a nutshell, the Mainau collection - insofar as it does not directly refer to the Mainau court - microscopically depicts the Baden-Baden manor; both collections relate primarily to Grand Duchess Luise, and only in the second to her husband and children. As in Baden-Baden, the Mainau collection also includes a large group of photographs documenting, among other things, the close ties to relatives of the imperial family. Unlike in Baden-Baden, however, the fragmentary character of the Mainau archive also seems to be due to unintentional interventions. In the summer of 1945, the castle served as a military hospital for former concentration camp prisoners; during this time, they are said to have burned the archives, the bookkeeping and the more recent documentation of the island and to have taken documents with them when they were released in September (Alexander and Johanna Dées de Sterio, Die Mainau, Stuttgart / Zürich 1977 p.93). It will no longer be possible to reconstruct exactly what kind of archive this was; in any case, it must have been the written records of the goods administration which were taken over by the successors of the Teutonic Order and continued through the 19th century. Only fractions of files from this area have actually survived in today's inventory. Editor's report: Because of the difficult history of tradition, the order of the remaining holdings was not easy either. A separation according to personnel and court office conveniences would have made little sense and would also have been hardly possible in view of fragments that could hardly be allocated. Thus special occasions (such as birthdays and anniversaries) and special source genres (such as notebooks or telegrams) now form the highest order criteria, then the reference to persons or events and finally, within a unit of records, the chronological order; however, most of these units of records had to be formed first, since at the time the inventory was taken over any order of parts was not recognizable; as a rule they were loose, connected sheets.In August and September 1998, in the context of the training for the Higher Archive Service, the holdings were arranged by Claudia Maria Neesen and Christof Strauß under the guidance of the undersigned and recorded and indexed with the help of the MIDOSA programme package of the Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg. Karlsruhe, June 1999Konrad Krimm Conversion: The finding aid was converted in 2015. The final editing was carried out by Sara Diedrich in April 2016. The plans and building drawings were added under the inventory designation 69 Baden, Mainau K to the inventory 69 Baden, Mainau and listed under the signatures 69 Baden, Mainau K 1 to 69 Baden, Mainau K 209.

Contains: 8 Aufn. [of the Konstanz photographer Josef Fischer], 4 glued on cardboard, 4 postcards. group pictures at the station, with Prince Max; group of French wounded (also African colonial soldiers), probably in the station

Tradition: Donation by Mrs. Maria Fink from Ettlingen to the General State Archive Karlsruhe in 2014. Adaptation: The collection comprises 255 propaganda photographs from the years 1917 and 1918, probably from the Bild- und Filmamt (Bufa), which was founded by the Supreme Army Command at the beginning of 1917. The undated photos were arranged in chronological order according to the photo and serial numbers as well as the image content. The exact chronological classification is difficult because it is often unclear in which context the picture was created and exactly when it was presented to the public. The pictures were probably used in the context of a "newsreel" or a "documentary film" as a poster photo. For the use of the cinematograph see also picture no. 10. Content: The German military successes of the years 1917 and 1918 occupy special space: the breakthrough in Eastern Galicia, the 12th Battle of Isonzo, the peace negotiations in Brest-Litowsk and the spring offensive in 1918 in the West (Operation Michael). Also spectacular individual acts like the return of the auxiliary cruiser "Wolf" to Kiel in February 1918 are mentioned. A personnel focus is placed on reporting on the emperor as well as Hindenburg and Ludendorff. In addition to pictures of the economic efforts on the home front, ethnologically seeming depictions of the Balkans, Turkey, Ukraine and Georgia, but also of the lost German colonies, appear. There are also calls for the drawing of the 8th and 9th War Bonds. Grand Duke Friedrich II of Baden appears at the welcoming of exchange prisoners in Constance (no. 196), Prince Max of Baden on the occasion of his appointment as Reich Chancellor in October 1918 (no. 255).

Note: The holdings contain archival material that is subject to personal protection periods in accordance with § 10 Para. 3 Sentence 2 ArchG LSA and until their expiration is only accessible by shortening the protection period in accordance with § 10 Para. 4 Sentence 2 ArchG LSA or by accessing information in accordance with § 10 Para. 4a ArchG LSA. Find aids: Findkartei 1991, Findbuch 2014 (online searchable) Registraturbilddner: In February 1897, the Aktien-Maschinenfabrik Kyffhäuserhütte Artern emerged from the Paul Reuß sheet metal and coppersmith's shop that had existed since 1881. The main products were agricultural equipment and machines for customers at home and abroad. In 1904 the company joined the Wohnungsbauverein Artern eGmbH as a co-partner. In 1910 the Maschinenfabrik merged with Ergon-Kosmos AG in Karlsruhe, in 1912 with Ruhrwerke Motoren- und Dampfkesselfabrik AG in Duisburg and finally took over Eisenwerk Brünner AG (later GmbH) in Artern in 1938. Sales offices were established in Elbing/Westpreußen (today Elblang, Poland), Nuremberg, Duisburg, Prague and Karlsruhe as well as Wroclaw, Gdansk, Berlin, Frankfurt/Oder, Hanover and Vienna. In the 1920s and 1930s the production and sales offer of the company was considerably expanded. In particular, Kaha, planet and zenith milk separators, ice machines, various types of steamers, steam generators, potato and milk can washing machines, shot and fertilizer mills, boilers, hay and straw blowers, boilers and radiators were offered. During the 2nd World War, war materials, anti-aircraft accessories and gunships were also built. Between 1946 and 1949, the company was confiscated, sequestered and liquidated, and converted into the machine factory of Soviet AG Maschinenbau vorm. Kyffhäuserhütte (SAG) in the Transmasch combine. In 1952 the company was transferred into public ownership as VEB Maschinenfabrik Kyffhäuserhütte. Inventory information: In 1988, the company archive of the VEB Kyffhäuserhütte Artern handed over to the State Archive Magdeburg documents of the Aktien-Maschinenfabrik Kyffhäuserhütte Artern and its successor company which had been indexed via a number list and an incomplete card index. The partial revision of the index data was carried out in 1991 by an archival assistant, with minor corrections to archive signatures, durations and file titles. There were no cassations of archive material. In 1994 the Landeshauptarchiv Magdeburg transferred the files to the newly founded Landesarchiv Merseburg. In 2011 the card index was first retroconverted in the archive program scopeArchiv, in 2014 the final archive processing of the files took place. Additional information: Further parts of the company tradition of the Kyffhäuserhütte Aktienmaschinenfabrik Artern or from the time of the VEB Maschinenfabrik Kyffhäuserhütte are kept in the Museum Kyffhäuserhütte (Artern, Oberer Hof) and at the Kyffhäuser Maschinenfabrik Artern GmbH (Artern, Otto-Brünner-Straße 4). Literature: Krombholz, Klaus: Agricultural engineering of the GDR. Light and shadow. Möller, Florian, Hübner, Sebastian: History of the Kyffhäuserhütte Artern (in: "Der Goldene Pflug" Förderverein Dt. Landwirtschaftsmuseum e.V. Stuttgart /Universität Hohenheim, pp. 33-44 Photos included: 10

Biography: Willy Hugo Hellpach (pseudonym Ernst Gystrow) was born on 26 February 1877 in Oels (Silesia) as son of the district court calculator Hugo Hellpach. After studying medicine, psychology and philosophy at the Universities of Greifswald and Leipzig, he received his doctorate (Dr. phil.) from Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig with his dissertation "Colour perception in indirect vision" and at the University of Heidelberg with his doctorate (Dr. med.) from Franz Nissel on the subject of "Analytical investigations on the psychology of hysteria". He received his psychiatric and neurological training at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin. Since 1911 he was professor for "Psychology on medical-scientific basis" at the Technical University Karlsruhe, after the end of World War I professor for "General and applied social and people psychology" in Heidelberg. His political career began in 1922 when he was appointed Minister of Culture and Education in Baden. From 1923 to 1925 he was President of the State of Baden, a member of the German Reich Council, and from 1928 to 1930 Member of the Reichstag of the German Democratic Party. In 1942 Hellpach was appointed Director of the Psychological Institute at the University of Heidelberg. Hellpach died on July 6, 1955 in Heidelberg. Holdings: The estate contains personal papers as well as documents from his professional and scientific activities. He was partly ordered by Willy Hellpach himself, partly by his pupils Wilhelm Witte and Monika Oels. In 1972 Wilhelm Witte sold the estate to the General State Archives, in 1975 Hellpach's cousin Hilda Otto supplemented the material mainly with correspondence from the publishing house, photos, medals and the like. Marie Salaba undertook the indexing in 1974, and when she indexed the later accesses in 1995, she maintained the first part'siederung.The following online finding aid was generated in 2006 as a shortened version from the aforementioned finding aids for the Kalliope portal, the central index of autographs in libraries, archives and museums. Categories that are not archive-specific, such as "life document", "letter" or "collection", are predefined by the portal.